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Vlbt 8. Ymf Otenspmfrf oli Myirnspmfrf

?. Ymf otenspmfrf

;. Ymf bepnrtoljf

nh tmfotenspmfrf

:. Ymf myirnspmfrf

9. Ymf bepnrtoljf

nh wotfrBFZ H[OR @VBZ IF @FÚL

Iptn. Jbfljbos Loturo`fsWrnh. Ïlcf` Xbÿos Zol Lorjbsn

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?. Ymf otenspmfrfo) Ymf jnepnsbtbnl nh tmf otenspmfrf1 

 ‚

Ifhblbtbnl1 tmf otenspmfrf bs tmf h`ubi nutfr `oyfr tmotsurrnulis tmf Fortm.

 ‚ Jnepnsbtbnl1 lbtrncfl (3=%), nxycfl (;?%) oli ntmfrcosfs sujm os orcnl (7,2:%), jorknl ibnxbif (7,7::%),

nznlf… oli wotfr vopnur (up tn 9%) 

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k) Ymf strujturf nh tmf otenspmfrf1 ojjnriblc tn tmfvorbotbnls nh tmf tfepfroturf wbtm rfspfjt tn o`tbtuif

?. Yrnpnspmfrf1

• O`tbtuif1 7 ‚ ?; de

• Jnepnsbtbnl1 jnltobls tmf =7% nh tmf obr nh tmf otenspmfrf

• Sfotmfr njjurs mfrf;. Ztrotnspmfrf1

• O`tbtuif1 ?; ‚ 67 de

• Jnepnsbtbnl1 jnltobls tmf nznlf `oyfr tmot oksnrks u`trovbn`ftroibotbnl nh tmf Zul

• Ymbs bs o vfry stok`f `oyfr 

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:. Efsnspmfrf1

• O`tbtuif1 67 ‚ =7 de

• Ymbs bs tmf jn`ifst port nh tmf otenspmfrf

9. Ymfrenspmfrf1

• O`tbtuif1 < =7 de

•

Jnepnsbtbnl1 jnltobls hfw cosfs, kut bt oksnrks fxtrfef`ymorehu` sn`or roibotbnl.

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j) Ymf wfotmfr oli j`beotf1

 ┇  Otenspmfrbj wfotmfr1

• Ifhblbtbnl1 Bt bs tmf stotf nh tmf otenspmfrf ot ojfrtobl tbef oli ot o jfrtobl p`ojf.

• Bt bs ifsjrbkfi bl tfres nh sul, robl, j`nuis, hrnst,

tfepfroturf, wbli… • Eftfnrn`ncbsts todf o`` tmf lfjfssory efosurfeflts

tn prfibjt tmf wfotmfr ot o jfrtobl p`ojf.

 ┇  J`beotf1

• Ifhblbtbnl1 bt bs o sft nh eftfnrn`ncbjo` pmflneflowmbjm jmorojtfrbzf o jfrtobl rfcbnl hnr o `nlc pfrbninh tbef.

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• Bt bs iftfreblfi ky `otbtuif, prnxbebty tn tmf sfo,o`tbtuif oli njfol jurrflts… 

• Bt bs ifsjrbkfi bl tfres nh tfepfroturf oliprfjbpbtotbnls.

 ‚ Eftfnrn`ncbjo` blstrueflts1

•

Ymfy orf usfi tn efosurf otenspmfrbj pmflneflo.• Ymf enst bepnrtolt nlfs orf1

o) Korneftfr1 bt efosurfs tmf otenspmfrbj prfssurf

k) Mycrneftfr1 muebibtyj) W`uvbneftfr1 vn`uef nh ̀ bqubi prfjbpbtotbnl

i) Olfeneftfr1 wbli spffi 

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Korneftfr

W`uvbneftfr

Mycrneftfr

Olfeneftfr

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i) Otenspmfrbj iyloebjs1 

 ‚ Otenspmfrbj prfssurf1 tmbs bs tmf hnrjf fxfrtfi ky tmf

wfbcmt nh tmf obr nl tmf Fortm‒s surhojf.  ‚ Smot orf wblis>1

• Smfl obr cfts mnt bts en`fju`fs sprfoi oli tmf obrrbsfs, `fovblc o `nw prfssurf orfo nl tmf Fortm‒s

surhojf. 

• Jn`i obr bs vfry iflsf oli bt ifsjflis, jneprfssblctmf obr kflfotm, wmbjm prniujfs ol orfo nh mbcm

prfssurf.• Obr envfs hrne orfos nh mbcm prfssurf tn `nw prfssurf

orfos, prniujblc o jbrju`otbnl nh obr tmot wf jo`` wbli. 

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;. Ymf bepnrtoljf nh tmf otenspmfrfo) Yfepfroturf rfcu`otbnl1 

 ‚ Ifhblbtbnl1 tmbs bs tmf woy tmf otenspmfrf ovnbi fxtrfeftfepfroturfs nl tmf Fortm.

 ‚ Ymf crfflmnusf fhhfjt jousfs tmf tfepfroturf

rfcu`otbnl1• Zurhojf mfotblc1 iurblc tmf ioy, sn`or roibotbnl

pflftrotfs tmf otenspmfrf oli mfots tmf Fortm‒s

surhojf.

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• Febssbnl nh mfot1 tmf mfotfi crnuli cbvfs kojd portnh tmf mfot, wmbjm jnn`s inwl tmf crnuli.

• Mfot oksnrptbnl1 tmf trnpnspmfrf‒s cosfs (JN; oliwotfr vopnur)oksnrk tmf mfot oli bljrfosf tmf obr‒s

tfepfroturf 

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 ‚ Ymf otenspmfrf os o smbf`i

• Ymf hb`tfr fhhfjt1 snef otenspmfrbj cosfs oksnrk tmf

morehu` (tn `bhf) sn`or roibotbnl (u`trovbn`ft, ] olicoeeo roys) oli trolshnre bt bltn mfot.

• Ymf hrbjtbnl wbtm tmf otenspmfrf jousfs tmffxtrotfrrfstrbo` rnjds tn kurl up oli ibsbltfcrotf kfhnrf

tnujmblc tmf crnuli. 

 ‚ Ymf otenspmfrf bs fssfltbo` hnr `bvblc nrcolbses

• Wmntnsyltmftbj nrcolbses usf JN; tn eodf tmfbr

lutrbflts. O`enst o`` `bvblc tmblcs usf N; tn krfotmf.• Ymf crfflmnusf fhhfjt jousfs tmf p`olft‒s tfepfroturf

tn kf oifquotf hnr `bhf.

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:. Ymf myirnspmfrf

o) Ymf jnepnsbtbnl nh tmf myirnspmfrf1 

 ‚ Ifhblbtbnl1 tmf myirnspmfrf bs tmf eoss nh wotfr tmothnres tmf surhojf nh tmf Fortm.

 ‚ Jnepnsbtbnl1 wotfr bs bts ulbquf jnepnuli oli bs

fssfltbo` hnr `bhf. Ymf wotfr en`fju`f (M;N) bs eoif nh ;otnes nh myirncfl, M, oli ? otne nh nxycfl, N.

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k) Ymf spfjbo` prnpfrtbfs nh wotfr1 

 ‚ Smfl wotfr bs mfotfi hrne 7± J tn 9± J, bt jnltrojts olibts iflsbty ibeblbsmfs. Ymf iflsbty nh bjf bs `nwfr tmoltmot nh wotfr, sn bjf h`nots nl wotfr oli bjf njjupbfs

enrf vn`uef.

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 ‚ Sotfr bs o cnni sn`vflt1

• Sotfr portbj`fs bltfrojt wbtm tmf portbj`fs nh ntmfrjnepnlflts, eodblc tmfe sfporotf, oli ibssn`vf.

• Sotfr jol ibssn`vf o`enst fvfrytmblc fxjfpt nb`s1

cosfs (nxycfl, hnr hbsm krfotmblc), `bqubis (o`jnmn`)oli sn`bis (eblfro` so`ts hnr p`olts)

• Ymf k`nni bs o sn`utbnl nh cosfs (N;, JN;) olilutrbflts oli rfsbiufs.

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 ‚ Sotfr oli mfot1

• Sotfr infs lnt cft mnt nr jn`i fosb`y oli qubjd`y. Btlffis `nts nh flfrcy tn mfot up oli bt o`sn lffis tn`nsf o `nt nh flfrcy tn jnn` inwl.

•

Sotfr mos o vfry mbcm spfjbhbj mfot1 bt lffis o `nt nhflfrcy tn bljrfosf bts tfepfroturf ky nlf ifcrff.

• Bepnrtoljf hnr `bhf1 wotfr rfcu`otfs fxtrfefs bl tmfflvbrnleflt oli kfjousf nh tmot, tmf tfepfroturf nh

wotfr bl pnlis, sfos, ftj. wb`` stoy rf`otbvf`y tmf soefhrne lbcmt tn ioy.

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9. Ymf bepnrtoljf nh wotfr

o) Sotfr oli j`beotf1 wotfr rfcu`otfs fxtrfefs bl

tmf flvbrnleflt oli kfjousf nh tmot, tmf j`beotfbl jnosto` orfos wb`` tfli tn kf eb`ifr tmol bl`olijbtbfs. 

k) Sotfr hnres `olisjopfs1 wotfr trolshnres tmf`olisjopf ky frniblc tmf rnjds nh tmf Fortm‒s jrust. 

∛ [bvfrs hnre vo``fys

∛ Njfol wovfs frnsbnl hnres kfojmfs∛ Bjf c`ojbfrs frnsbnl prniujfs V-smopfi vo``fys

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j) Sotfr oli `bvblc kfblcs1 wotfr jrfotfs bifo`

jnlibtbnls hnr `bhf nl nur p`olft. ┇  Sotfr bs vfry stok`f oli jnltobls sukstoljfs tmot

nrcolbses lffi tn `bvf (nxycfl, lutrbflts…) 

 ┇  Sotfr bs tmf eobl jnepnlflt nh `bvblc tmblcs1 tmfy lffitn oksnrk wotfr oli rftobl bt tn prfvflt ifmyirotbnloli ifotm.