6 th Annual Conference on Technology & Standards Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved....

6th Annual Conference on Technology &

Standards

Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved.

Michael D. SessaExecutive Director,

PESC

NIST, ANSI and Value of Standards

National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995

OMB Circular A – 119

Section 143 of the HEA

PESC, FSA & Related Activities

AgendaAgenda

NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology

From www.NIST.gov:Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST's mission is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and Technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.

NIST, ANSI & History of ProcessingNIST, ANSI & History of Processing

ANSI – American National Standards Institute

From www.ANSI.org:Founded in 1918 by five engineering societies and three government agencies, the Institute remains a private, nonprofit membership organization supported by a diverse constituency of private and public sector organizations.

Throughout its history, ANSI has maintained as its primary goal the enhancement of global competitiveness of U.S. business and the American quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems and promoting their integrity. The Institute represents the interests of its nearly 1,000 company, organization, government agency, institutional and international members through its office in New York City, and its headquarters in Washington, D.C.

.

NIST, ANSI & History of ProcessingNIST, ANSI & History of Processing

M A R Y S TIM H

M A R Y S M I HT

M A R Y S M I HT

M A YR S TIM H

M A R YS M I HT

s m i t h m a r y

0 0 S M I 0HT 0 0 RAM Y

WILL THE REAL MARY SMITH PLEASE STAND UP? Data standardization involves more than the spacing of data elements (but you get the big picture, right?)

Data Structure & ProcessingData Structure & Processing

Without data standardization, expect: increased cost of systems staff due to serial, redundant and customized programming for the same data elements

slower response to customer needs

increased data mapping which jeopardizes data quality and integrity

more difficult access to data

repetitive programming if rules, regulations, or business needs change


Higher education is far behind other industries in implementation and use of technical standards. Think of the value of:

the ATM network

credit card networks (VISA, Mastercard, AmEx, etc.)

direct deposit

EZ Pass state toll booths

** While higher education builds its technical standards and while PK12 builds its technical standards, both are trying to simultaneously bridge the gap between the two.


Federal Participation Requirements:

National Technology Transfer & Advancement Act of 1995

“...all Federal agencies and departments shall use technical standards that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies, using such technical standards as a means to carry out policy objectives or activities determined by the agencies and departments.”

“...Federal agencies and departments shall consult with voluntary, private sector, consensus standards bodies and shall...participate with such bodies in the development of technical standards.”

Section 12 (d) (1-2)

Value of StandardsValue of Standards


Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-119 – Revised February 10, 1998

What are the goals of the government in using voluntary consensus standards?

Eliminate the cost to the Government of developing its own standards and decrease the costs of goods procured and the burden of complying with agency regulation. Provide incentives and opportunities to establish standards that serve national needs. Encourage long-term growth for U.S. enterprises and promote efficiency and economic competition through harmonization of standards. Further the policy of reliance upon the private sector to supply Government needs for goods and services.



Section 143 of the Higher Education Act of 1965

“In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the student aid delivery system, the Secretary and the COO shall encourage and participate in the establishment of voluntary consensus standards and requirements for the electronic transmission of information necessary for the administration of programs under title IV.”

The COO shall participate in the activities of standards setting organizations... The COO shall encourage higher education groups seeking to develop common forms, standards, and procedures...to conduct these activities within a standard setting organization. The COO may pay necessary dues and fees associated with participation...


Value of StandardsValue of StandardsDelphi Study: June 2003Standards = Liquidity

Benefits of approved standards for developers and consumers:

increases the value of existing and future investments in IT allows the portability of data decreases the long-term cost of ownership for applicable software vendor alternatives expands choices for software vendor alternatives

Value of StandardsValue of StandardsDelphi Study: June 2003

Factors driving participation in a standards body:

vendor neutral access to a developer community and best practices membership comprised of both end users and commercial software vendors international presence and focus industry-wide or horizontal orientation open or “democratic” committee process opportunity to direct standard specification from moment of conception

How standards are set:

Government regulation or legislation Informally when a single product gains wide market use Formally through cooperation, study, and approval by a designated group


MissionEstablished in 1997 and located in Washington, D.C., the

Postsecondary Electronic Standards Council (PESC) is a non-profit, 501(c)(3) community-based, umbrella association of colleges and universities; professional and commercial organizations; data, software and service providers; non-profit organizations and associations; and state and federal government agencies.

Through open and transparent community development, PESC leads the alignment of data across disparate stakeholder systems to ensure simplified and cost-effective student progression along the higher education lifecycle.

PESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & Governance

PESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & GovernancePESC Goals & Strategies

1. Lead the establishment & facilitate the adoption & implementation of data exchange standards

2. Highlight & support best practices for data access & data exchange

3. Maintain collaborative relationships with all public, private, governmental & international stakeholders

4. Serve as a standards-setting body

5. Advocate for operational efficiencies & improved performance in student data exchange from initial access of the student from high school into the college environment through successful completion of the education experience

6. Promote cost effectiveness of data alignment across disparate systems & across sectors that help mitigate costs for institutions struggling to keep up with the demands of technology & real-time data exchange while

maintaining competitive tuition rates

7. Continue building a core competency in XML architecture & data modeling

Organizational Overview 85 Members and Affiliates and 7 major partners Significant national/international adoption and

implementation of PESC standards Seal of Approval Program – Optional service to ensure uniformity of

implementation Formal policies/procedures for

development/architecture – Guides development XML Registry & Repository for the Education Community

– Administered by the US Department of Education & governed by PESC – accessibility of standards is open & free

6 Standards Approved – High School Transcript, College Transcript, Common Origination & Disbursement (COD), Common Record: CommonLine (CRC), Data Transport Standard (DTS), Online Loan Counseling

7 Standards in Development – Academic Progress, Admission Application, Course Inventory, Education Test Score Report, IPEDS, PDF Transcript

1 User Group – Education Record User Group for all transcript processing 1 Task Force – E-Authentication/E-Authorization Task Force – EA2


Hierarchy

Technical Advisory Board

Change Control Board

Education Test Score Report

PDF Transcript Student AidInquiry

Course Inventory

Workgroups

Board of Directors

IPEDS

Academic Progress

Online Loan Counseling

Admission Application

EA2 Taskforce Seal of Approval

Staff

Education Record User Group

Steering Committee


AcademyOne, Inc.AccentureACT, Inc.*AACRAO – American Association of Collegiate Registrars & Admissions Officers*ACE – American Council on EducationAAMC – Association of American Medical CollegesAvow SystemsCalifornia Community College SystemCalifornia School Information ServicesCentral Connecticut State UniversityClayton State UniversityCollege Board*College Source, Inc.Community College of the Air ForceConnectEdu, Inc.CBA – Consumer Bankers Association Dartmouth College – Institute for Security Technology StudiesDatatel, Inc.Decision AcademicDocufideecho360EFC – Education Finance Council*Educause*ELM ResourcesFlorida International UniversityFlorida State University Georgetown University/Sun Center for Excellence in Scholarly Information ArchitectureGeorge Washington UniversityGeorgia Board of Regents

SmartCatalogStanford UniversitySunGard Higher Education*Texas A & M UniversityTGUniversity of Alaska SystemUniversity of California at BerkeleyUniversity of DenverUniversity of IdahoUniversity of Illinois – ChicagoUniversity of Illinois – Student Financial ServicesUniversity of Illinois – Urbana ChampaignUniversity of LethbridgeUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MississippiUniversity of North CarolinaUniversity of Northern IowaUniversity of OklahomaUniversity of OregonUniversity of PhoenixUniversity of South FloridaUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of VirginiaUSA Funds*US Department of Education*US GSA – General Services AdministrationWashington State UniversityXap Corporation

*Founder

IDAPP – Illinois Designated Account Purchase ProgramIMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc.Indiana State UniversityIowa State UniversityJenzabarKey BankLSAC – Law School Admission Council*Mapping Your FutureNASFAA – National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators*NASLA – National Association of Student Loan AdministratorsNCHELP – National Council of Higher Education Loan Programs*National Student ClearinghouseNational Transcript CenterNELA – Northwest Education Loan AssociationNelnetNeumann CollegeNorthern Illinois UniversityOhio Board of RegentsOCAS – Ontario College Application ServicesOracle CorporationOregon State UniversityPennsylvania College of TechnologyPrairie View A & M UniversityPurdue UniversityredLanternRegent EducationSan Francisco State UniversitySIFA – Schools Interoperability Framework Association

PESC MembershipPESC Mission & GovernancePESC Mission & Governance

Founded August 4, 2000 by the PESC Board in response to a white paper produced by a PESC workgroup that analyzed the emergence of XML and recommended PESC involvement

Serves as the standards development body of PESC

“Candidates” for standards are proposed, developed, and processed by the Standards Forum

Governed by a Steering Committee Follows established policies and procedures

for development and approval Includes multiple Boards and Workgroups

Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education

Standards Forum for EducationStandards Forum for Education eX tensible Markup Language: designed to

improve the functionality of the web by providing flexibility and adaptability:– customized and dynamic– ideal for real-time transactions and

messaging– <title>Electronic Initiatives</title>

Flat files:– fixed lengths, always with extra or

redundant data– mostly used for batch processing– 02072003SESSAMICHAEL090120020501200300212805302003


XML Identifying, defining, formatting, and

transmitting data from point A to point B

XML 1.0 approved by W3C 2/98 Emerged as the technology for real-

time, web-based transactions Lacked “common” or industry

standards

Standards Development

Define and standardize “simple” data elements (also called “core components”) and “complex” core components (several simple core components grouped together)

Group core components together into business transactions Develop implementation guides for reference and support Issue candidates for public comment and approval/voting

process Populate “Core Main” data dictionary with all simple and

complex core components Store all core components in the XML Registry & Repository

for the Education Community


Policies and Procedures Released March 2005 Focus is on collaboration, submission,

approval, & maintenance Includes:

Process PESC Guidelines for XML Architecture and Data

Modeling Users Guide for XML Registry and Repository for

the Education Community Adopted by FSA


XML Registry and Repository for the Education Community

Developed, owned, and administered by FSA

Governed by PESC Stores PESC approved standards Sorted alphabetically by core component,

by classification/taxonomy, by sector and by message specification

Free and open to the public w/o barriers or user name and password


Data Exchanges in Student AidData Exchanges in Student AidFAFSA - ISIR

Certification

MPN

Disbursement

Guarantee

Changes

Graduation

Repayment

Payoff

Deferment

Consolidation

Forbearance

Sales

Delinquency

Cure - Claim

NSLDS

Subrogation

IPEDS

Life of the Loan

CommonLine 4

CommonLine 5

PELL

Common Record

COD - Direct Lending

Campus-Based

2001 20032002

?

?

Servicing/CAM

FAFSA/ISIR

Req

uire

d

20052004

Phases out pre CL 4

Phased out

Phased out

Phased out

Opt

iona

l

2006

Ea

rly A

dopt

ers

2007 2008 2009

IPEDS

Opt

iona

l

Student Aid Standards HistoryStudent Aid Standards History

EDI

EDI

XML

EDI

XML

2001 20032002 20052004 2006 2007 2008 2009

High School – XML

Initiatives – Registrar/AdmissionsInitiatives – Registrar/Admissions

College – XML

Transcripts

Admission Application

Test Score

1990 - 2000

EDI

XML

Course Inventory

58% increase in 2008 over 2005via Internet Server at the University of Texas at Austin

StatisticsStatisticsPostsecondary Transcripts 2005-2008

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

Month

Num

ber

2008 85,059 53,399 51,966 58,264 95,248 102,280 61,063 73,442 51,382 79,767 74,453 71,851

2007 76,411 44,635 42,658 46,216 89,632 73,151 47,741 45,433 45,433 64,465 55,599 61,836

2006 81,373 35,725 36,902 44,516 84,665 66,754 51,889 73,880 43,333 44,505 45,654 50,961

2005 61,974 32,634 32,866 39,792 71,493 58,547 39,750 61,164 35,169 36,207 42,242 43,814

January February March April May June July August September October November December


StatisticsStatisticsAdmission Applications 2005-2008

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Month

Num

ber

2008 116,801 70,353 62,292 73,201 55,423 42,624 43,782 39,159 45,109 97,453 133,259 128,654

2007 102,281 54,626 52,658 58,403 52,311 34,921 37,115 33,068 33,068 82,846 102,073 110,170

2006 82,805 43,973 40,118 31,338 26,913 19,219 16,171 13,716 24,935 54,329 88,920 67,584

2005 60,316 34,888 31,608 27,317 21,090 16,099 11,925 10,419 20,275 38,198 66,391 50,769



StatisticsStatisticsAll Transactions 2005-2008

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Month

Num

ber

2008 356,603 238,888 216,470 217,471 289,270 302,390 190,082 210,749 189,737 349,580 431,847 381,681

2007 312,924 185,665 178,566 172,165 260,342 206,611 153,245 156,529 156,529 299,130 294,439 314,558

2006 289,393 152,222 140,278 153,737 215,882 198,994 145,142 186,907 144,450 189,875 259,599 226,557

2005 216,019 130,350 140,158 141,311 186,043 162,809 107,549 149,737 108,157 166,923 202,113 203,514


80.5% in 2005 to 96% in 2008via Electronic FAFSA processing Statistics (www.IFAP.ed.gov)

StatisticsStatistics

Electronic vs. Paper Processing

-

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008

Electronic

Paper

-

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008

All FAFSA’s (electronic and paper)

Activating Interoperability in Higher Education

Contact Information

Michael Sessa, Executive [email protected] 202-261-6516

Jennifer Kim, Membership Services [email protected] 202-261-6514

1250 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20036

www.PESC.org

6 th Annual Conference on Technology & Standards Copyright © 2009. PESC. All rights reserved....

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