6 TEACHER’S GUIDE Whales of the WorldLESSON 6 TEACHER’S GUIDE Whales of the World ......

Number of Words: 1,498

L E S S O N 6 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

Whales of the Worldby John Stewart

Fountas-Pinnell Level UInformational TextSelection SummaryWhales are large mammals that live in the ocean. There are two groups of whales called baleen and toothed. Dolphins are toothed whales. All whales have special features that help them survive in the water.

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Characteristics of the Text Genre • Informational Text

Text Structure • Two sections, each six pages, separated by “Dolphins” header on p. 9Content • Baleen and toothed whales: blue, gray, sperm, narwhal, and dolphin

• Facts about where whales live and what they eatThemes and Ideas • Whales are mammals and fall into two groups.

• Whales use special features to survive.• As an endangered species, whales need to be protected by humans.

Language and Literary Features

• Clearly written in descriptive language

Sentence Complexity • Longer complex sentence structures with embedded clauses and phrases• Sentences with parenthetical references• Complex and compound sentences• Italics for technical terms

Vocabulary • Technical vocabulary relative to whales: blubber, baleen, blowhole, echolocation• Longer descriptive words: breathtaking, murkiest

Words • Many multisyllable words, some of them challenging, such as compensate, mechanism, echolocation

Illustrations • Photographs/illustrations with captions and labelsBook and Print Features • Twelve pages of text, easy-to-read headings, and photographs/illustrations on most pages

• Sidebars© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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Expand Your Vocabulary

arcing – moving or seeming to move in a curved path, p. 11

compensate – to serve as or provide a substitute or counterbalance, p. 11

gestation – the period of development in the uterus from conception until birth; pregnancy, p. 4

lagoons – shallow bodies of water, especially ones separated from a sea by sandbars or coral reefs, p. 7

mechanism – a system of parts that operate or interact like those of a machine, p. 13

spiraling – taking a spiral form or course, p. 8

Whales of the World by John Stewart

Build BackgroundHelp students use their knowledge about marine life to visualize the text. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: How do you know that whales are mammals? How are they different from fi sh? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photograph. Tell students that this book is informational text, so they will learn many interesting facts about whales.

Introduce the TextGuide students through the text, noting important ideas and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions:

Page 4: Direct students to the second sentence and the term gestation. Suggested language: The text says the infant whale can swim from the moment it is born. How does the whale gestation period compare to the human gestation period?

Page 7: Direct students to the important specifi c whale records sidebar and ask why the author included the sidebar. Suggested language: Why do you think the author included this information about the largest and farthest-traveling whales?

Page 9: Read the heading and explain that dolphins are a kind of whale. Suggested language: Dolphins are toothed whales. Why do you think dolphins are classifi ed as whales?

Pages 10–11: Have students look at the photograph of the group of dolphins leaping out of the water. Suggested language: The text explains that dolphins exhale and breathe while arcing. Ask: What kind of shape does an arc make?

Now turn back to the beginning of the text and read to fi nd out about whales and dolphins.

2 Lesson 6: Whales of the WorldGrade 5© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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ReadHave students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their problem solving and fl uency as needed.

Remind students to use the Question Strategy as they read to better understand the similarities and differences among the different kinds of whales and dolphins

Discuss and Revisit the TextPersonal ResponseInvite students to share their personal responses to the text.Suggested language: What did you learn about large whales that you didn’t know before? Why do sperm whales need to live in deep water?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help students understand these points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• Whales are mammals that live in the water, use blowholes to breathe, and have blubber to stay warm.

• There are two groups of whales. They are baleen whales and toothed whales.

• Dolphins are toothed whales that live in large groups and communicate with clicks and whistles.

• Many other animals have special features that help them survive in the world.

• Even though animals do not look similar, they can belong to the same species.

• Learning about what animals need to survive helps people protect them from harm.

• The labeled pictures of toothed whales and baleen whales help readers visualize the difference between the two groups of whales.

• The author includes many interesting details about what whales look like, where whales live, and how whales fi nd food.

• The specifi c whale records sidebar on pages 7–8 describes whales with special qualities.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Further Support• Fluency Invite students to choose a passage from the text and demonstrate

pausing and using the appropriate stress during reading. Remind students to pause after punctuation and use a louder tone to stress italicized terms to be emphasized (breach, blubber).

• Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas.

• Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Have students defi ne the word migrate based on its use on page 7. Ask students if they can name a word that shares a root with migrate (emigrate).


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Writing about ReadingCritical ThinkingHave students complete the Critical Thinking questions on BLM 6.9.

RespondingHave students complete the activities at the back of the book, using their Reader’s Notebook. Use the instruction below as needed to reinforce or extend understanding of the comprehension skill.

Target Comprehension SkillCause and Effect

Target Comprehension Skill Remind students that they can look for how one event

causes another event to happen. Point out that one effect can have several causes. Model how to add details to the Graphic Organizer, using a “Think Aloud” like the one below:

Think Aloud

The text says that dolphins are excellent hunters. That is an effect and goes in the bottom rectangle. On page 10, the text says that dolphins are intelligent. That is a cause. You can write it in one of the top squares. Dolphins are intelligent, and that helps them to be excellent hunters.

Practice the SkillHave students share other stories with cause and effect relationships about whales.

Writing Prompt: Thinking About the TextHave students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think about the text, they refl ect back on the text. They should notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized.

Assessment Prompts• Instead of a nose with nostrils, a whale has a ________________________________

_________ on top of its head.

• What is the meaning of mechanism on page 13?

• Which sentences on pages 12–13 show that dolphins are intelligent?


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Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What protects whales from the cold, and

how does this make them different from other mammals?

2. Think within the text Why do scientists rank dolphins as among

the most intelligent mammals?

3. Think beyond the text What effect do you think might be causing

the threat of extinction to whales?

4. Think about the text What is the author’s opinion of whales?

Making Connections Have you ever seen a whale in the wild or in an aquarium? Have you ever seen a museum exhibit on whales? Some of the most famous stories in literature feature whales. Write about why you think that whales have always fascinated human beings.

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Whales of the WorldCritical Thinking

Critical Thinking© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Lesson 6B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 6 . 9

Grade 5, Unit 2: Wild Encounters

Name Date

11

Layers of fat called blubber protect whales from the cold; other

mammals have fur instead.

They can solve problems requiring a great deal of thought. In the

wild, they also communicate and cooperate with each other.

Possible responses shown.

overhunting and / or changes to their environment

The author loves whales. You can tell from the positive tone of

the writing, the many examples of all the things they can do, and

the statement that they should be protected from extinction.

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English Language DevelopmentReading Support Make sure the text matches the students’ reading level. Language and content should be accessible with regular teaching support.

Cognates The text includes cognates. Point out English words and their Spanish equivalents: ocean (océano), animal (animal).

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English profi ciency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student.

Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What is the selection about?

Speaker 2: whales

Speaker 1: What small whale is popular at aquariums?

Speaker 2: dolphins

Speaker 1: Where do whales live?

Speaker 2: in the ocean

Speaker 1: What whale has the longest tooth?

Speaker 2: The Narwhal has the longest tooth.

Speaker 1: Are dolphins intelligent?

Speaker 2: Dolphins are very intelligent.

Speaker 1: How does a whale breathe?

Speaker 2: A whale breathes through its blowhole.

Speaker 1: How do baleen whales eat food?

Speaker 2: Baleen whales strain water through their baleen to catch food.



Name Date

Whales of the WorldThinking About the Text

Think about the question below. Then write your answer in two or three paragraphs.

Remember that when you think about the text, you reflect back on the text. You should notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized.

The author includes book and print features such as illustrations, photographs, and sidebars to help expand on the ideas in this informational text. Which feature, or features, were most helpful to you in understanding the text? How did they aid your understanding? Provide page numbers for particular features that you found useful, and be sure to provide details on how the features helped your understanding.



Critical ThinkingRead and answer the questions.

1. Think within the text What protects whales from the cold, and

how does this make them different from other mammals?

2. Think within the text Why do scientists rank dolphins as among

the most intelligent mammals?

3. Think beyond the text What effect do you think might be causing

the threat of extinction to whales?

4. Think about the text What is the author’s opinion of whales?

Making Connections Have you ever seen a whale in the wild or in an aquarium? Have you ever seen a museum exhibit on whales? Some of the most famous stories in literature feature whales. Write about why you think that whales have always fascinated human beings.

Write your answer in your Reader’s Notebook.

Whales of the WorldCritical Thinking

Lesson 6B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 6 . 9

Name Date



1414

050

Student Date Lesson 6

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 6 . 1 3

Whales of the WorldRunning Record Form

Whales of the World • LEVEL U


Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®cat

0

Omission —cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cutcat 1

Self-corrects cut sccat 0

Insertion the

ˆcat 1

Word told Tcat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

4 Like other mammals, whales give birth to live young. Different

species have different gestation periods, ranging from ten to

sixteen months. Only one baby whale, called a calf, is born at a

time. Unlike human babies, the infant whale can move on its

own immediately, so it is able to swim from the moment it is

born. However, the calf depends on its mother for

nourishment. The mother whale feeds her baby very rich milk.

The milk’s high fat content helps the baby stay warm in the

cold waters that most whale species prefer.

Whales are mammals, so they are warm-blooded.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/101 ×

100)

%

Total Self- Corrections


6 TEACHER’S GUIDE Whales of the WorldLESSON 6 TEACHER’S GUIDE Whales of the World ......

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