6. Histology

8/8/2019 6. Histology

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man n vers y o c ence ec no ogy

Histology & Cell Biology

08 01 112 Dr. Al-Moutassem Billah Khair

Histolo Histolo


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Histology Histology is is the the study study of of the the microscopic microscopic structure structure of of tissues tissues and and organs organs..

A A tissue tissue is is a a group group of of cells cells of of more more or or less less similar similar structure structure

that that performs performs a a particular particular function function.. An An organ organ is is a a collection collection of of tissues tissues.. It It has has a a definite definite form form

and and structure,structure, and and it it performs performs one one or or more more specific specific functions functions..

Organs Organs of of animals animals are are part part of of large large functional functional units,units, known known as as systems systems..


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structures structures become become modified modified and and specialized specialized for for the the performance performance of of ..

Differentiation Differentiation begins begins as as soon soon as as cells cells have have been been formed formed by by cell cell ..

Differentiation Differentiation involves involves changes changes in in both both the the shape shape and and the the

p ys o ogy p ys o ogy o o a a ce ,ce , w c w c ena e ena e o o carry carry ou ou a a spec a ze spec a ze function function..

Di erentiation Di erentiation can can a so a so e e seen seen as as a a ivision ivision o o a our a our..


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Histolo Histolo Specialization Specialization of of animal animal cells cells::,,

as as a a zygote zygote..

three three phases phases:: cleavage,cleavage, gastrulation gastrulation and and organogeny organogeny..

ur ng ur ng c eavage c eavage e e zygo e zygo e orme orme a a er za on er za on un ergoes un ergoes repeated repeated mitotic mitotic cell cell division division.. The The new new cells cells become become organized organized into into

..During During gastrulation gastrulation the the cells cells continue continue to to divide divide but but also also move move

a ou a ou an an ecome ecome rearrange rearrange as as spec a spec a ayers,ayers, nown nown as as erm erm

layers,layers, within within the the enlarging enlarging embryo embryo (trilaminar (trilaminar germ germ disc) disc)..


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Histolo Histolo Three Three germ germ layers layers are are formed formed::

the the ectoderm,ectoderm, which which forms forms the the nervous nervous system system; ; skin,skin, including including hair hair and and nails nails; ; sensory sensory epithelium epithelium of of ear,ear, nose,nose, and and eye eye; ; pituitary, pituitary,mammary,mammary, and and sweat sweat lands lands and and enamel enamel of of the the teeth teeth..

the the mesoderm,mesoderm, which which forms forms connective connective tissue tissue; ; muscles muscles; ; vascular vascular system system;; urogenital urogenital system system (but (but not not the the bladder) bladder); ; spleen spleen and and the the cortex cortex of of the the suprarenal suprarenal glands glands..

the the endoderm,endoderm, which which forms forms the the epithelial epithelial lining lining of of gastrointestinal gastrointestinal tract tract; ; respiratory respiratory tract tract; ; urinary urinary bladder bladder; ; liver liver and and pancreas pancreas..


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ur ng ur ng organogeny organogeny t e t e ce s ce s o o t e t e germ germ ayers ayers un ergo un ergo urt er urt er cell cell division division and and specialization,specialization, and and form form the the organs organs of of the the embryo embryo..

e e organs organs are are ma e ma e o o our our as c as c ypes ypes o o ssue,ssue, nown nown as as epithelia,epithelia, connective connective tissues,tissues, muscles muscles and and nerves nerves..

The The next next stage stage is is the the fetal fetal period, period, which which is is characterized characterized by by

maturation maturation of of tissues tissues and and organs organs and and rapid rapid rowth rowth of of the the body body..


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6. Histology

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