6 Expansion Bus
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Transcript of 6 Expansion Bus
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Expansion Bus
CHAPTER 6
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Buses and Expansion Slots
Buses evolved around data path and speedLocal bus (system) and expansion bus (ISA)
Buses carry electrical power, control signals,
memory addresses, and data
On-board ports, connectors, and riser slots
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Bus Connections
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On-Board Ports, Connectors andRiser Slots
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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PC Bus
ISA Bus 16 bits wide
7 MHz speed
Manual configuration
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Modern Expansion Buses
IBMs Micro Channel Architecture MCA
Open standard Extended ISA EISA
Video Electronics Standards Associations VESALocal Bus VL-Bus
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI
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Modern Expansion Buses
PCI Bus 32 bits wide
33 MHz speed
Self-configuring
TIP There was a 64-bit version of the original PCIstandard, but it was quite rare.
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AGP
A specialized, video only version of PCI Accelerated graphics port (AGP)
An AGP slot is a PCI slot, but one with a direct
connection
AGP slots are only for video cards
Dont try to snap a sound card or modem into one
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PCI-X Available in systems such as the Macintosh G5
Is a huge enhancement to current PCI that is also fully backward-compatible, in terms of both hardware and software
PCI-X is a 64-bit-wide bus Its slots will accept regular PCI cards
The real bonus of PCI-X is its much enhanced speed
The PCI-X 2.0 standard features four speed grades (measured in MHz): PCI-X 66, PCI-X 133, PCI-X 266, and PCI-X 533
Obvious candidates for PCI-X are businesses using workstations andservers
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Mini-PCI
Find Mini-PCI in just about every laptop Designed to use low power and to lie flat
Both good features for a laptop expansion slot
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PCI Express
PCI Express (PCIe) is the latest, fastest Still PCI, but it uses a point-to-point serial
connection instead of PCIs shared parallelcommunication
A PCIe connection uses one wire for sending and One for receiving. Each of these pairs of wires
between a PCIe controller and a device is called alane
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PCI Express
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System Resources Expansion cards, need to communicate with the CPU
Divide communication into four aspects called system resources The system resources are
I/O address How the CPU sends commands to devices
IRQ How devices tell the CPU they need communication
DMA How the CPU enables devices to talk directly to RAM
Memory How the CPU talks to RAM on devices
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System Resources
Preset I/O address and IRQ combinationsfor the serial and parallel ports
COM ports for serial connections
LPT ports for parallel ports
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Installing Expansion Cards
Step 1: Knowledge
Step 2: Physical Installation
Step 3: Device Drivers Getting the Correct Drivers
Removing the Old Drivers
Installing the New Driver Step 4: Verify
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Installing Expansion Cards
Unsigned Drivers Bad - it simply means that they havent gone
through Microsofts exhaustive quality assurancecertification procedure
Driver Rollback Windows XP offers the nifty feature of rolling back
to previous drivers after an installation or driver
upgrade
Troubleshooting Expansion
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Troubleshooting ExpansionCards
Properly installed expansion card rarelymakes trouble
An improperly installed card usually shows up the
moment you first try to get that card to do
whatever its supposed to do and it doesnt do it
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Device Manager First diagnostic and troubleshooting tool in Windows
Device problems manifest themselves in the DeviceManager via error icons A black ! on a yellow circle indicates that a device is missing,
that Windows does not recognize a device, or that theres adevice driver problem. A device may still work even whileproducing this error
A red X indicates a disabled device (Figure 6-37). This usuallypoints to a device thats been manually turned off, or a damaged
device. A device producing this error will not work
A blue i on a white field indicates a device on which someonehas configured the system resources manually. This only occurson non-ACPI systems. This symbol merely provides informationand does not indicate an error with the device