6 Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems CHAPTER. Too Much of a Good Thing? Elephant populations in southern...

6Biomes and Aquatic EcosystemsBiomes and Aquatic EcosystemsC

HA

PT

ER

Too Much of a Good Thing?Too Much of a Good Thing?

• Elephant populations in southern Africa ________________________ but have made overwhelming

comebacks within nature reserves and parks.• Some worry that elephant overpopulation is causing________________________________________

_________________________________________.• Many efforts to control elephant populations are

being considered and put into practice.

• Elephant populations in southern Africa ________________________ but have made overwhelming

comebacks within nature reserves and parks.• Some worry that elephant overpopulation is causing________________________________________

_________________________________________.• Many efforts to control elephant populations are

being considered and put into practice.

Talk About It Which elephant population control effort—_______________________________________you think has the best chance for long-term, positive effects?

Talk About It Which elephant population control effort—_______________________________________you think has the best chance for long-term, positive effects?

Lesson 6.1 Defining BiomesLesson 6.1 Defining Biomes

____________________________________________________________________________________.

Earth’s Major BiomesEarth’s Major Biomes• Groups of terrestrial

ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions (copy p.95)

• 10 primary biomes:

• tropical rain forest • dry forest savanna• desert • temperate rain forest• temperate forest• temperate grassland• chaparral• boreal forest• tundra

• Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions (copy p.95)

• 10 primary biomes:

• tropical rain forest • dry forest savanna• desert • temperate rain forest• temperate forest• temperate grassland• chaparral• boreal forest• tundra

Did You Know?______________________________________________________.

Did You Know?______________________________________________________.

Lesson 6.1 Defining Biomes

Climate and ClimatographsClimate and Climatographs

• (copy these definitions p. 95)(copy these definitions p. 95)

• Climate:Climate: Average conditions, Average conditions, including temperature and including temperature and precipitation, over long periods precipitation, over long periods of time in a given areaof time in a given area

• Weather:Weather: Day-to-day conditions Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmospherein Earth’s atmosphere

• Climatographs:Climatographs: Diagrams that Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and precipitationtemperature and precipitation

• _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________climate conditions._____________climate conditions.


Biomes and Net Primary ProductionBiomes and Net Primary Production• Gross primary production:__________________________

______________________________________________________

• Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration

• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity,_______________

________________________________________________________.

• Warm, wet biomes generally have _______ net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.

• Gross primary production:__________________________

______________________________________________________

• Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration

• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity,_______________

________________________________________________________.

• Warm, wet biomes generally have _______ net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.


Lesson 6.2 BiomesLesson 6.2 Biomes

____________________________________________________________

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Year-round warm temperatures and at least ________________

_______________________

• Soil generally ______________

• Forest canopy, emergent layer, and understory support _______

__________________________.

• Plants tend to have __________ leaves and shallow roots.

• Supports ___________________

________________; animals tend to be highly specialized.

Did You Know? Some tropical plants (epiphytes) grow high on other plants to access sunlight and do not touch the soil.

Did You Know? Some tropical plants (epiphytes) grow high on other plants to access sunlight and do not touch the soil.

Tropical Dry ForestTropical Dry Forest

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Warm year-round, but _________

_________________________

• Most_________________—they lose their leaves and cease photosynthesis part of the year.

• Plants and animals exhibit __________ (e.g. waxy leaf coating, deep roots, estivation, migration) that enable them to

__________________________.

Tiger (Panthera tigris)

SavannaSavanna

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Receives less precipitation than tropical dry forests, but more than deserts; usually has a __________________________

• _______ interspersed with groups of trees

• Tree growth limited by _______________

__________________________________

• Plants are adapted to dry conditions; tend to be _______________, thick bark, and

_______________________.

• Many animals ________________, or burrow when water is scarce.

DesertDesert

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Receives less than____________

____________________________

• ________________________ from day to night.

• Plants tend to have ___________ leaves, __________ in their tissues, and________________.

• Animals get most of their water from the food they eat, and they tend to be ________. Mammals have exaggerated appendages to ___________________________.

Did You Know? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Did You Know? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Temperate Rain ForestTemperate Rain Forest

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Year-round _________ temperatures and _____________

• Largest extent found in _____________________________

• Characterized by _____________________, such as cedars and hemlocks, that don’t lose leaves annually; many are conifers (produce seed-bearing cones)

• Forest floor is shaded,

_______________________.

• Animals that require moisture, such as

_______________________Olympic Peninsula, Hoh River rain forest

Temperate ForestTemperate Forest

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Precipitation__________________________________________

• Varied temperatures

(_______________________________)

• Plants tend to be ____________.

• Soil is enriched with nutrients from annual leaf drop.

• Animals may_________________

___________________________

____________________________

Temperate Grassland (Prairie)Temperate Grassland (Prairie)

Lesson 2.2 Biomes

• Moderate seasonal precipitation and fairly

_____________________________________; droughts and fires common

• Not enough precipitation to support large trees; ___________________________________, thrive despite droughts, fires, animals grazing

• Animals are _____________________________.

• Soil tends to be ____________________; most of world’s grasslands have been converted to _________________.

ChaparralChaparral

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• _________________________________ with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers

• ______________________; droughts and fires common

• Plants are drought-resistant; many have thick, waxy leaves or leaves with hairs that trap moisture; succulents are common.

• Plants may have _______________________________

___________________; some plants require fire to germinate.

• Many animals _______ or are __________ to avoid heat.

Did You Know? _____________________________________________________________________________

Did You Know? _____________________________________________________________________________

Boreal Forest (Taiga)Boreal Forest (Taiga)

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• ____________ winters; short, cool summers

• _____________________

_____________________

• ___ species diversity

• _________________ with waxy needles and conical shape, adapted to harsh, snowy conditions are common.

• Animals feed, breed, and care for young mostly during ____________ year-round residents tend to have _____ insulation and __________________________________.

TundraTundra

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• Extremely ________________ winters; relatively __________

_______________________________________________

• Found at very______________________________________

• Harsh winds, nutrient-poor soil, and freezing temperatures

__________________________________________________

• Characterized by permafrost (________________________

________________________)

• Birds and caribou migrate to the tundra during the mild summer to feed on insects and lichens;________________________________________________________________________________________.



Polar Ice and MountainsPolar Ice and Mountains

Lesson 6.2 Biomes

• _________________________

• ___________________ in Northern Hemisphere; ice sits atop _____________ in Southern Hemisphere

• Very few plants; ____________

________________________

• Mountain communities ________________________, similar to how biome communities change with latitude.

Lesson 6.3 Aquatic EcosystemsLesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems

_________________________________________________.

Describing Aquatic EcosystemsDescribing Aquatic Ecosystems

Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems

• (copy p. 104)Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.

• Photosynthesis tends to be _______ ___________________, which is a function of ___________________.

• Aquatic ecosystems are either_________________.

• Aquatic ecosystem zones:__________________________________

Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas

Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas


• Salinity is _____________ (parts per thousand)

• Ponds and lakes are similar, except in size, but _________ contain organisms__________

_________________.

• Ponds and lakes are divided horizontally into zones:__________

___________________

Freshwater Ecosystems: WetlandsFreshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands


• Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year

• __________________________________________________

• Wetlands prevent___________________________________

________________________________________________.



Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams

Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams


• ____________________________

_____________________________

• Watershed: The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

• ______________, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, water speed, organisms, and others, _____________________

___________________________.

EstuariesEstuaries


• (copy p. 105)Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an inland sea

• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; _______________

_________________________ranges.

• Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.

• Like wetlands, estuaries help prevent

______________________________________________________________.Did You Know? Salt marshes and mangrove forests are

two of the most productive ecosystems on Earth.

Did You Know? Salt marshes and mangrove forests are two of the most productive ecosystems on Earth.

Everglades, Florida, wetlands

OceansOceans


• ________________________________________________________________________________________.

• Surface winds and heating generate vertical currents that

_________________________________________________.

Did you Know?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Did you Know?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

• Horizontal ocean zones: intertidal, neritic, open ocean (#16 p. 107)

• Vertical ocean zones: photic, aphotic, benthic



Ocean EcosystemsOcean Ecosystems


• Intertidal: Highly diverse; extreme range of temperature, moisture, and salinity

• Neritic: Productive kelp forests and coral reefs provide habitats and help protect shorelines from erosion.(#17p. 107)

Did You Know?_______________________________________________________________________________________.

Did You Know?_______________________________________________________________________________________.

• Open ocean: Low productivity due to low light penetration; ____

__________________; #18) deep sea organisms and hydrothermal vent communities

6 Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems CHAPTER. Too Much of a Good Thing? Elephant populations in southern...

Documents

Transcript of 6 Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems CHAPTER. Too Much of a Good Thing? Elephant populations in southern...