6-2 Forest Biomes. Tropical Rain Forests Characteristics: – High humidity – 200-400 cm...
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Transcript of 6-2 Forest Biomes. Tropical Rain Forests Characteristics: – High humidity – 200-400 cm...
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6-2 Forest Biomes
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Tropical Rain Forests
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Tropical Rain Forests
• Characteristics:– High humidity– 200-400 cm rainfall/year (400 inches)– Warm, constant temperature year-round– Greatest specie diversity (half world’s specie)– Poor soil– Near equator– Helps regulate world climate & mineral cycles
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Tropical Rain Forest
• Nutrients:– Decay is rapid– Uptake by plants is rapid for quick growth– Soil is poor in nutrients
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Tropical Rain Forest
• Layers:– Plants adapted to growing in layers & to different amounts of sunlight• Emergent layer – top layer grows in direct sun• Canopy layer – gets 95% of sunlight. Primary layer –
most animals live here• Understory – little light, adapted to shade (source of
house plants) large flat leaves
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Leaf adaptations
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Tropical Rain Forest
• Threats:– Used to occupy 20% of Earth’s surface– Today occupies 7% of Earth’s surface– 100 acres/minute/day lost to logging, agriculture,
oil exploration– Results in habitat destruction & loss of biodiversity
(also exotic plant & animal export)
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Temperate Forests
• Two kinds:– Temperate Rain Forests– Temperate Deciduous Forests
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Temperate Rain ForestsFound along the northwest coast of the US (N. California, Washington, Oregon), the mountains of North Carolina, Australia, and New Zealand.
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Temperate Rain Forest
• Large amounts of precipitation• High humidity• Moderate temperatures• Dominate trees in northwest are evergreens
90 m tall – Sitka spruce, Douglas fir, hemlock• Mosses and ferns cover forest floor
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Eastern Us, Europe, Asia• Located between 30 – 50 degrees north
latitude• Broadleaf trees that change color and lose
their leaves in fall• Wide range of temperatures, seasons (4)• Decomposition slower than rain forest, so soil
is richer
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Animals: adapted to use forest plants for food and shelter
• Birds are migratory.
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
• Plants: dominate trees maple oak birch
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
Plants are adapted to seasonal change
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Taiga
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Taiga
• Northern coniferous forest below arctic circle.• Long winters (6-10months). Summers have
constant daylight• Average temperature below freezing • Plant growth most abundant during summer• Permafrost – ground frozen year round, top
part thaws in summer
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Taiga
• Plants:– Conifers: needle-like leaves with waxy covering to prevent water loss– Shape of tree (cone shape) helps trees shed snow without breaking branches
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Taiga
• Soil – acidic from decay of needles. Plants & bacteria do not like acidic soil– Decomposition slow– Little plant variety
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Taiga
Animals:• Many waterfowl (lots of lakes & marshes)• Birds migrate south in winter• Food scarce, many animals burrow &
hibernate• Some animals (snowshoe hare) shed brown
fur & grow white fur for camouflage
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