5th Science Notebook Motion, Force, and...

Investigation 1:

Motion and Variables

Name: ___________________________

Science Notebook

Motion, Force, and Models

Big Question: How does investigating a pendulum help you

understand how scientists use math to do

their work?

5th

1

Alignment with New York State Science Standards &

Performance Indicators

Standard 1: Mathematical Analysis

M1.1 Extend mathematical notation and symbolism to include variables and

algebraic expressions in order to describe and compare quantities

M2.1 Use inductive reasoning to construct, evaluate, and validate conjectures

and arguments, recognizing patterns can assist in explaining and extending

math phenomena

M3.1 Apply math knowledge to solve real-world problems

2

Standard 1: Scientific Inquiry

S1.1 Formulate questions independently with the aid of references appropriate

for guiding the search for explanations of observations

S1.2 Construct explanations independently for natural phenomena

S1.3 Represent, present, and defend proposed explanations

S2.1 Use conventional techniques and those of their own design to make

further observations and refine explanations

S2.2 Develop, present, and defend formal research proposals

S2.3 Carry out research proposals, recording observations and measurements

S3.1 Design charts, tables, graphs and other visual representations of

observations in conventional and creative ways

S3.2 Interpret organized data to answer the research question and to gain

insight into the problem

S3.3 Modify their personal understanding of phenomena based on evaluation

of their hypothesis

Standard 1: Engineering Design

T1.1 Identify needs and opportunities for technical solutions from an

investigation of situations of general or social interest

T1.2 Locate and utilize a range of printed, electronic, and human information

sources to obtain ideas

T1.3 Consider constraints and generate several ideas for alternative solutions,

using group and individual ideation techniques, defer judgment, evaluate ideas,

explain optimal choice

T1.4 Develop plans and construct a model of the solution

T1.5 In a group setting, test their solution against design specs, present and

evaluate results, describe how solution might be modified, and discuss

tradeoffs

Alignment with New York State Science Standards &

Performance Indicators

Standard 2: Information Systems

3: Information technology can have a positive and negative impact on society,

depending on its use

3

Standard 4: Physical Environment

4.1c Most activities in everyday life involve one form of energy being

transformed into another

4.1d Different forms of energy include heat, light, electrical, mechanical,

sound, nuclear, and chemical

4.1e Energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy or potential energy

Standard 6: Interconnectedness

1: Through systems thinking, they recognize commonalities that exist and how

parts of a system interrelate and combine to perform special functions

2: Models are simplified representations

5: Identifying patterns for change is necessary for making predictions about

future behavior and conditions

6: In order to arrive at the best solution to meet criteria and constraints,

trade-offs are often necessary

Standard 7: Interdisciplinary Problem Solving

1: The knowledge and skills of mathematics, science, and technology are used

together to make informed decisions and solve problems

2: Solving interdisciplinary problems involves a variety of skills and strategies

such as effective work habits, gathering information, generating ideas, making

connections, and presenting ideas

Table of Contents

Title Page Part

4

Exploring Motion 1 6

Testing Variables 2 23

Predicting Swings 3 32

5

What do you know about motion?

I Think…

Now I Know…

Predict: If we apply a force to the ball when it is at the

edge of the table what will happen to the ball?

Part 1: Motion and Variables

Investigate Force

Outcome: What happened when you applied a force to the

ball when it was at the edge of the table?

Think About It: What forces are acting on the sitting ball?

6


Investigate Force

Results: 1. Why does the ball fall? 2. What caused the change of motion? 3. What force caused the ball to fall from the table to the floor?

7

Directions: Answer the questions below as you investigate

force.


Investigate Force

1. Think and Respond: When you lifted the table up, what

force caused the ball’s motion to change? Is the force a

push or a pull?

2. Think and Respond: When you caught the ball before it

fell to the ground, what force caused the ball’s motion to

change? Is the force a push or a pull?

8


9

FOCUS QUESTION

I Think…

What variables might affect the number of

cycles a pendulum makes in 15 seconds?

Predict: What will happen if we lift the pendulum bob to

the side and release it?


Explore Pendulum Motion

Outcome Observations: When the pendulum bob was released

I noticed… I think that happened because…

10

11

Various things are listed below. Put an X in front of the things that you

think can be thought of as a system.

Explain your thinking. How did you decide whether something is considered to

be a system?

aquarium

pile of sand

Earth

grasshopper

volcano

soil

ocean

cell phone

A + B = C

electrical circuit

water cycle

human body

Density = Mass÷Volume

box of nails

digestion

food web

hurricane

graph

seed

bicycle

Earth & its Moon

Explain: How can you explain the motion of the pendulum?


Describe Pendulum Motion

• bob • gravity • string • force • motion

Directions: Using as many vocabulary words as you can

answer the question below.

12


Construct a Pendulum System

To complete the pendulum system:

1. Get a piece of masking tape (~25cm).

2. Tape a pencil securely to the desk/table so that the blunt end sticks

over the edge (~5cm).

3. Hang the pendulum loop over the pencil.

13

Directions: Draw your pendulum system. Label each

component or part.


Investigate a Pendulum System

14

How many times do you think your pendulum will swing in

15 sec?


Investigate Pendulum Swings

15

PREDICT

PLAN

How can you find out how many times your pendulum will

swing in 15 sec?

How many times did your pendulum swing in 15 sec?

DATA


Investigate Pendulum Swings

16

Focus Question

What variables might affect the number of cycles a

pendulum makes in 15 seconds?

CLAIM

EVIDENCE


What Causes Change of Motion?

17

Directions: After reading and discussing What Causes Change

of Motion with a partner, respond below.

1. Write something a partner shared with you.

2. Write something you shared with a partner.

3. Write something you wonder about motion.


What Causes Change of Motion?

18

Directions: Answer the questions below about what causes

change of motion.

1. How do you get an object to start moving?

2. How do you get a moving object to stop?

3. Starting and stopping are two changes of motion. What

are some other changes of motion?

19


Word Bank

bob -

cycle -

experiment -

force -

20


Word Bank

gravity -

motion -

pendulum -

speed -

21


Word Bank

system -

variable -

22


Science Content/Inquiry

Part 2: Testing Variables

23

FOCUS QUESTION

How does changing the mass, length, or release position of a pendulum affect the number of swings

the pendulum completes in a unit of time?

PENDULUM DATA TABLE

24

Gary made a pendulum by tying a string to a small bob. He pulled the bob

back and counted the number of swings the pendulum made in 30 seconds.

He wondered what he could do to increase the number of swings made by the

pendulum. If Gary can change only one thing to make the pendulum swing

more times in 30 seconds, what should he do? Circle what you think will

make the pendulum swing more times.

Explain your thinking. What rule or reasoning did you use to select your

answer?

A. Lengthen the string.

B. Shorten the string.

C. Change to a heavier bob.

D. Change to a lighter bob.

E. Pull the bob back farther.

F. Don’t pull the bob back as far.

G. None of the above. All pendulums swing the same number of times.


25

QUESTION 1

How does the release position affect the number of

swings the pendulum makes?

CONCLUSION (Release Position):

QUESTION 2

How does increasing the mass of the bob affect the

number of swings the pendulum makes?

CONCLUSION (Mass of Bob):

Directions: Write a conclusion you draw after investigating.


26

QUESTION 3

How does the length of the string affect the number of

swings the pendulum makes?

CLASS DATA


27

QUESTION 3 (Length of String): How does the length of the

string affect the number of swings the pendulum makes?

Directions: Record conclusions you made or heard regarding how

the length of a pendulum’s string affects the number of swings

it makes.

Conclusion:

Conclusion:

Conclusion:

Conclusion:


28

Directions: Based on the investigation, make a claim and support it

with evidence.

FOCUS QUESTION

How does changing the mass, length, or release position of

a pendulum affect the number of swings the pendulum

completes in a unit of time?

CLAIM EVIDENCE

CLAIM EVIDENCE


29

1. Did the student control all the variables she should have?

Explain your answer.

2. Define a controlled experiment.

Response Sheet—Investigation 1 A student wanted to know what would happen in the pendulum experiment if she changed the mass of the bob. When she set up her new pendulum, she used a quarter instead of a penny. She used a thinner thread instead of using string. She knotted the string instead of using tape. She made both pendulums 38 centimeters (cm) long from the top of the loop to the bottom of the paper clip. Just before the student started, her friend asked if she was sure she was controlling all the variables she needed to.

30


Word Bank

controlled experiment -

predict -

standard -

31



g

Part 3: Predicting Swings

32

FOCUS QUESTION

How can we use graphs to predict results?

Two-Coordinate Graph- Graphing Conventions

Procedure

1. Label the x- and y- axes.

The independent variable (what you knew before you

did the experiment) goes on the x-axis.

The dependent variable (what you found out) goes on

the y-axis.

2. The origin of the graph (0,0) is usually placed at the

lower left corner, on the first line of each axis.

3. Label each axis with numbers and units, making sure

you use equal intervals. (For example: 0, 1, 2, 3, …

or 0, 5, 10, 15, …)

4. Plot the points according to the data you collected.

5. Draw a line to connect the points or a line of best

fit.

6. Give your graph a title.

Part 3: Predicting Swings:

Two-Coordinate Graph

33


34

Length of pendulum:________ cm

Prediction: ________ swings (15sec) ACTUAL: ________ swings (15sec)



TEST 1

TEST 2



TEST 3

Ho


35

FOCUS QUESTION

Directions: Answer the focus question below.

How can we use graphs to predict results?


36

Directions: Read Variables Review and answer the question below.

Question: How would you design a controlled experiment to

test if a playground swing operates by the same rules as the

smaller pendulum made of string, a paperclip, and a penny?

What would be the independent, dependent, and controlled

variables in your experiment?

37


Word Bank

dependent variable -

independent variable -

two-coordinate graph -

38




39

BIG QUESTION

How does investigating a pendulum help you understand

how scientists use math to do their work?

Directions: Read and answer the big question below.

5th Science Notebook Motion, Force, and...

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