5_Railway Bridge Defects and Deterioration Processes
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Transcript of 5_Railway Bridge Defects and Deterioration Processes
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 1
RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES
AND DETERIORATION PROCESSES
Jan Bie, Krzysztof Jakubowski, Tomasz Kamiski, Maciej Maksymowicz, Pawe Rawa, Jarosaw Zwolski
Workshop IInspection and Condition Assessment of Railway Bridges
23.10.2006 24.10.2006, Berlin
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 2
CONTENTS:
1. CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION
2. MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES
3. CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
4. CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL BRIDGE DAMAGES
5. CLASSIFICATION OF MASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGES
6. DETERIORATION MECHANISMS
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1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY CONCEPTION OF HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION OF RAILWAY
BRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGES
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2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES MAIN TYPES
OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGESOF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 5
Contamination
appearance of any type of a dirtiness or not designed plant vegetation
Deformationgeometry changes incompatible with the design, with changes of mutual distances of structure element points
DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (1)
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 6
Destruction
deterioration of physical and/or chemical structural features in comparison with designed values
Discontinuity
not designed break in continuity of a structure material
DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (2)
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 7
DEFINITIONS OF MAIN TYPES OF RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGES (3)Displacement
not designed displacement of a structure without changes of distances of structure element points (without deformation), also restriction in designed displacement capabilities
Loss of material
decrease of designed amount of structure material
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 8
3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3.
CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF
CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGESCONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
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DeflectionProtection
DeflectionConcrete
Deformation
Superficial
PenetratingOrganic
Neutral
AggressiveInorganic
Protection
Superficial
PenetratingOrganic
Neutral
AggressiveInorganic
Concrete
Contamination
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
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CONTAMINATION
CONCRETE
ORGANIC
PENETRATING SUPERFICIAL
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DEFORMATION
CONCRETE
DEFLECTION
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Strength reduction
Bond reductionModification of physical features
Reinforcement and prestressing system
Porosity increase
Permeability increase
Frost-resistance reduction
Fading
Embrittlement increase
Adhesion reduction
Modification of physical features
Salt concentration increase
pH factor reduction
Calcium hydoxide reductionModification of
chemical features
Protection
Strength reduction
Porosity increase
Permeability increase
Frost-resistance reduction
Embrittlement increase
Elastic modulus change
Absorbability increase
Modification of physical features
Salt concentration increase
pH factor reduction
Calcium hydoxide reductionModification of
chemical features
Concrete
Destruction
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Translation
RotationLimited
Translation
RotationExcessive
Displacement
Fracture
CrackReinforcement and prestressing system
Fracture
Delamination
Crack
Protection
Fracture
Delamination
Transverse
Skew
Longitudinal
Irregular
Crack
Concrete
Discontinuity
Reinforcement and prestressing system
Protection
Concrete
Loss of material
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LOSS OF MATERIAL
CONCRETE PROTECTION
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4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4.
CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF
STEELSTEELSTEELSTEELSTEELSTEELSTEELSTEEL BRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGES
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CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Strength reductionModification ofphysical featuresWelded connector
Thickness reduction
Fading
Embrittlement increasing
Adhesion reduction
Modification ofphysical featuresProtection
Strength reduction
LooseningModification ofphysical features
Bolted/riveted connector
Strength reduction
Impact resistance reduction
Hardness reductionModification ofphysical featuresBasic component
Destruction
Torsion
Distortion
Deflection
Basic componentDeformation
Superficial
Penetrating Organic
Neutral
Aggressive Inorganic
Steel constructionContamination
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CONTAMINATION
STEEL CONSTRUCTION
INORGANIC
AGGRESSIVE NEUTRAL
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DEFORMATION
BASIC COMPONENT
DEFLECTION DISTORTIONDEFLECTION
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DESTRUCTION
BASIC COMPONENT
MODIFICATION OF PHYSICAL FEATURES
STRENGTH REDUCTION
BOLTED/RIVETED CONNECTOR
MODIFICATION OF PHYSICAL FEATURES
LOOSENING
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Translation
RotationLimited
Translation
Rotation Excessive
Displacement
Fracture
CrackWelded connector
Fracture
Delamination
Crack
Protection
Fracture
CrackBolted/riveted connector
Fracture
Delamination
Transverse
Skew
Longitudinal
Irregular
Crack
Basic component
Discontinuity
CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Welded connector
Protection
Bolted/ riveted connector
Basic component
Loss of material
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5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5. 5.
CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF
MASONRYMASONRYMASONRYMASONRYMASONRYMASONRYMASONRYMASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGESBRIDGE DAMAGES
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DeflectionProtection
Swell
Slip
Deflection
Masonry
DeflectionBackfill
Deformation
Superficial
PenetratingOrganic
Neutral
AggressiveInorganic
Protection
Superficial
PenetratingOrganic
Neutral
AggressiveInorganic
Masonry
Superficial
PenetratingOrganic
Neutral
AggressiveInorganic
Backfill
Contamination
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
CLASSIFICATION OF MASONRY BRIDGE DAMAGES
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CONTAMINATION
MASONRY
PENETRATING SUPERFICIAL
ORGANIC
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Salt concentration increase
pH factor reduction
Calcium hydroxide reductionModification of
chemical featuresJoint
Strength reduction
Porosity increase
Permeability increase
Frost-resistance reduction
Embrittlement increase
Elastic modulus change
Absorbability increase
Modification of physical features
Salt concentration increase
pH factor reduction
Calcium hydroxide reductionModification of
chemical features
Brick/stone
Modification of physical featuresBackfill
Destruction
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 25
CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Destruction
Strength reduction
Porosity increase
Permeability increase
Frost-resistance reduction
Embrittlement increase
Elastic modulus change
Absorbability increase
Modification of physical featuresJoint
Porosity increase
Permeability increase
Frost-resistance reduction
Fading
Embrittlement increase
Adhesion reduction
Absorbability increase
Modification of physical features
Salt concentration increase
pH factor reduction
Calcium hydroxide reductionModification of
chemical features
Protection
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DESTRUCTION
JOINT PROTECTION
MODIFICATION OF PHYSICAL FEATURES
MODIFICATION OF CHEMICAL FEATURES
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CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE DAMAGES
LEVEL IVLEVEL IIILEVEL IILEVEL I
Protection
Joint
Brick/stone
Backfill
Loss of material
Translation
RotationExcessiveDisplacement
Fracture
Delamination
Crack
Protection
Transverse
Skew
Longitudinal
Irregular
Fracture
Delamination
Transverse
Skew
Longitudinal
Irregular
Crack
Masonry
Discontinuity
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LOSS OF MATERIAL
BACK FILL BRICK/STONE
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6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6. 6.
DETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMSDETERIORATION MECHANISMS
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BASIC DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IDENTIFIED IN RAILWAY BRIDGES
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Structural material Degradation mechanism
concrete steel masonry Physical
Creeping
Effect of high temperatures Fatigue
Freeze-thaw action
Modification of foundation conditions
Overloading
Shrinkage
Water penetration
Chemical Alkali-aggregate reactions Carbonation
Corrosion
Crystallization
Leaching
Oil and fat influence
Salt and acid actions
Biological Accumulation of contamination
Living organisms activities
MAIN DEGRADATION MECHANISMS AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
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Damage type
Degradation mechanism
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Physical Creeping
Fatigue
Influence of high temperature
Freeze-thaw actions
Modification of foundation conditions
Overloading
Shrinkage
Water penetration
Chemical Alkali-aggregate reactions
Carbonation
Corrosion
Crystallization
Leaching
Oil and fat influence
Salt and acid actions
Biological Accumulation of contamination
Living organisms activities
DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN RELATION TO DAMAGES OF CONCRETE RAILWAY BRIDGES
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DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN RELATION TO DAMAGES OF STEEL RAILWAY BRIDGES
Damage type
Degradation mechanism
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Physical Effect of high temperature
Fatigue
Modification of foundation conditions
Overloading
Chemical Corrosion
Biological Accumulation of contamination
Living organisms activities
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 36
DEGRADATION MECHANISMS IN RELATION TO DAMAGES OF MASONRY RAILWAY BRIDGES
Damage type
Degradation mechanism
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Physical Effect of high temperature
Fatigue
Freeze-thaw actions
Modification of foundation conditions Overloading
Shrinkage Water penetration
Chemical Carbonation Crystallization
Leaching
Salt and acid actions
Biological Accumulation of contamination
Living organisms activities
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 37
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Wroclaw University of technology Workshop I Oct. 23rd-24th, 2006 38
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