1-D Consolidation Analyses for placement of a 5 m high fill

This example is taken from Holtz and Kovacs(1981). 5 m of brown silty sand is placed as fill above 15 m of compressible gray silty clay, classified as CL. A brown silty gravel lies under the clay and acts both

as a permeable drain and as a relatively incompressible support for the rest of the soils. This

example studies the time rate settlement and excess pore pressures generated by the placement

of the fill with/without the use of sand drains.

Prototype Engineering, Inc., 2006

1-D Consolidation Analyses for placement of a 5 m high fill

1-Dimensional Settlement AnalysisWINSAF-I

CONSTANT INCREMENT OF VERTICAL STRESS WITH DEPTHProject Name: Animations in Soil Mech. Project Number : PEI-025Client : 1-D Settlement - 5 m fill Project Manager: Alfredo UrzuaDate : 11/2/2002 Computed by : au

Foundation Elev. = 15.00 (m) V. stress increment = 98.10 (kNsm)Ground Surface Elev. = 15.00 (m) Water table Elev. = 15.00 (m) Unit weight of Wat. = 9.81 (kNcm)

Layer Coefficient Unit Primary SecondaryN. Type Thick. Comp. Recomp. Swell. Weight Settlement Settlement

(m) (kNcm) (cm) (cm) 1 COMP. 15.0 0.360 0.000 0.000 14.91 170.91 0.00

Total Settlement = 170.91 0.00

Sublayer Soil StressesN. Thick. Elev. Initial Increment Max.Past Press. Settlement

(m) (m) (kNsm) (kNsm) (kNsm) (cm) 1 1.50 14.25 3.83 98.10 3.83 36.662 1.50 12.75 11.47 98.10 11.47 25.203 1.50 11.25 19.13 98.10 19.13 20.254 1.50 9.75 26.78 98.10 26.78 17.205 1.50 8.25 34.42 98.10 34.42 15.056 1.50 6.75 42.07 98.10 42.07 13.447 1.50 5.25 49.72 98.10 49.72 12.178 1.50 3.75 57.38 98.10 57.38 11.139 1.50 2.25 65.03 98.10 65.03 10.27

10 1.50 0.75 72.68 98.10 72.68 9.54Total Settlement = 170.91 (cm)

1-Dimensional Primary Vertical Consolidation Analysis

WINSAF-TR

One Layer Soil System/RectangularProject Name: Animations in Soil Mech. Project Number : PEI-026Client : Time rate Sett. for Fill Project Manager: Alfredo UrzuaDate : 11/2/2002 Computed by : au

Stratum thickness = 15.00 (m)Coeff. of consolidation = 1.000 (m*m/months)Number of sublayers = 10Drainage Conditions = Drainage at top/bottom

Load # Init. Pore Load Placement Ramp UltimatePressure Type Time Time Settlement(kNsm) (months) (months) (cm)

1 98.10 INST 0.00 ----- 170.91

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 1.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 69.76 69.763.00 94.77 94.774.50 97.96 97.966.00 98.10 98.107.50 98.10 98.109.00 98.10 98.1010.50 97.96 97.9612.00 94.77 94.7713.50 69.76 69.7615.00 0.00 0.00

T = 0.02 U (%) = 15.05 15.05Settlement = 25.71 25.71

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 3.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 45.10 45.103.00 76.45 76.454.50 91.60 91.606.00 96.67 96.677.50 97.67 97.679.00 96.67 96.6710.50 91.60 91.6012.00 76.45 76.4513.50 45.10 45.1015.00 0.00 0.00

T = 0.05 U (%) = 26.06 26.06Settlement = 44.54 44.54

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 6.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 32.85 32.853.00 60.13 60.134.50 78.84 78.846.00 89.01 89.017.50 92.14 92.149.00 89.01 89.0110.50 78.84 78.8412.00 60.13 60.1313.50 32.85 32.8515.00 0.00 0.00

T = 0.11 U (%) = 36.85 36.85Settlement = 62.98 62.98

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 12.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 23.10 23.103.00 43.72 43.724.50 59.81 59.816.00 69.96 69.967.50 73.42 73.429.00 69.96 69.9610.50 59.81 59.8112.00 43.72 43.7213.50 23.10 23.1015.00 0.00 0.00

T = 0.21 U (%) = 52.04 52.04Settlement = 88.94 88.94

1-Dimensional Primary Vertical/ Radial Consolidation Analysis

WINSAF-TR

One Layer Soil System/Combined vertical/radial consolidationProject Name: Animations in Soil Mech. Project Number : PEI-026Client : Time rate Sett. for Fill Project Manager: Alfredo UrzuaDate : 11/2/2002 Computed by : au

Number of loads = 1Stratum Thickness = 15.00 (m)Vert. Coeff. of Consolidation = 1.00 (m*m/months)Radial Coeff. of Consolidation = 2.00 (m*m/months)Drain Diameter = 0.25 (m)Effective Diameter = 5.00 (m)Number of sublayers = 10Drainage Conditions = Drainage at top/bottom

Load # Init. Pore Load Placement Ramp UltimatePressure Type Time Time Settlement(kNsm) (months) (months) (cm)

1 98.10 INST 0.00 ----- 170.91

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 1.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 51.54 51.543.00 70.01 70.014.50 72.36 72.366.00 72.47 72.477.50 72.47 72.479.00 72.47 72.4710.50 72.36 72.3612.00 70.01 70.0113.50 51.54 51.5415.00 0.00 0.00

U (%) = 37.24 Settlement = 63.65 63.65

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 3.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 19.15 19.153.00 32.46 32.464.50 38.90 38.906.00 41.05 41.057.50 41.47 41.479.00 41.05 41.0510.50 38.90 38.9012.00 32.46 32.4613.50 19.15 19.1515.00 0.00 0.00

U (%) = 68.60 Settlement = 117.25 117.25

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 6.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 6.08 6.083.00 11.13 11.134.50 14.59 14.596.00 16.47 16.477.50 17.05 17.059.00 16.47 16.4710.50 14.59 14.5912.00 11.13 11.1313.50 6.08 6.0815.00 0.00 0.00

U (%) = 88.32 Settlement = 150.94 150.94

Pore Pressure Distributionfor Time(months) = 12.00

Depth Load 1 Total(m) (kNsm) (kNsm)0.00 0.00 0.001.50 0.81 0.813.00 1.54 1.544.50 2.10 2.106.00 2.46 2.467.50 2.58 2.589.00 2.46 2.4610.50 2.10 2.1012.00 1.54 1.5413.50 0.81 0.8115.00 0.00 0.00

U (%) = 98.31 Settlement = 168.03 168.03