5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing...

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5) Management c) Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA Uprooting tamarisk (Tamarix spp) in Arizona

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Transcript of 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing...

Page 1: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods= manually or mechanically damaging plants

Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA

Uprooting tamarisk (Tamarix spp) in Arizona

Page 2: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition: people will even

volunteer!

Phragmites australis control in Kampoosa Bog Mass.

Volunteers cut reed stems and injected stems with herbicide to kill underground rhizomes

Annual monitoring and treatment continues (started in 2000)

Page 3: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition• Works well on small populations: Lanphere dunes example – 10

acres infested.

Page 4: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition• Works well on small populations• Can be extremely specific: minimize damage to other plants or

environment

Centauria diffusa control in Oregon: weeding out individual knapweed plants while not disturbing surrounding vegetation

Page 5: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition• Works well on small populations• Can be extremely specific: minimize damage to other plants or

environment • But not always specific…

Page 6: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition• Works well on small populations• Can be extremely specificDisadvantages• Labor & time intensive: beach grass removal at Lanphere Dunes

took 2,951 person-hours per acre over 3 years (at $7.00 per hour, that’s $20,657 per acre). VOLUNTEERS ARE ESSENTIAL!

Page 7: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition• Works well on small populations• Can be extremely specificDisadvantages• Labor & time intensive• Often requires follow-up treatments: Lanphre dunes took 3

years of repeated treatments.

Page 8: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methodsAdvantages• Generally much less public opposition• Works well on small populations• Can be extremely specificDisadvantages• Labor & time intensive• Often requires follow-up treatments• Inadvertent damage

Page 9: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants

Page 10: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes

Page 11: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes• Advantages: (1) specificity

Page 12: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes• Advantages: (1) specificity; (2) minimize impact

Page 13: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes• Advantages: (1) specificity; (2) minimize impact; (3) low cost for

equipment

Page 14: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes• Advantages: (1) specificity; (2) minimize impact; (3) low cost for

equipment

Root talon

Weed wrench

Page 15: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes• Advantages: (1) specificity; (2) minimize impact; (3) low cost for

equipment• Disadvantages: (1) labor intensive

Page 16: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding• Effective: annuals, tap-rooted plants, some woody plants• Not effective: perennials with rhizomes• Advantages: (1) specificity; (2) minimize impact; (3) low cost for

equipment• Disadvantages: (1) labor intensive; (2) small areas

Page 17: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production

Page 18: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species

Page 19: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species• Not effective: plants that re-sprout or regenerate from

fragments

Page 20: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species• Not effective: plants that resprout or regenerate from fragments• Advantages: (1) primary treatment

Page 21: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species• Not effective: plants that resprout or regenerate from fragments• Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas

Page 22: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species• Not effective: plants that resprout or regenerate from fragments• Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3)

less labor

Page 23: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species• Not effective: plants that resprout or regenerate from fragments• Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor• Disadvantages: (1) follow-up treatments

Page 24: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on a greater number of species• Not effective: plants that resprout or regenerate from fragments• Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor• Disadvantages: (1) follow-up treatments; (2) more equipment

Page 25: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling• Effective: annuals, shallow-rooted perennials

Page 26: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling• Effective: annuals, shallow-rooted perennials• Not effective: plants regenerate from root/stem fragments

Page 27: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling• Effective: annuals, shallow-rooted perennials• Not effective: plants regenerate from root/stem fragments• Advantages: (1) effective, especially if completed before seeds

produced & when soil is dry

Page 28: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling• Effective: annuals, shallow-rooted perennials• Not effective: plants regenerate from root/stem fragments• Advantages: (1) effective, especially if completed before seeds

produced & when soil is dry; (2) large areas

Page 29: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling• Effective: annuals, shallow-rooted perennials• Not effective: plants regenerate from root/stem fragments• Advantages: (1) effective, especially if completed before seeds

produced & when soil is dry; (2) large areas• Disadvantages: (1) soil disturbance

Page 30: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling• Effective: annuals, shallow-rooted perennials• Not effective: plants regenerate from root/stem fragments• Advantages: (1) effective, especially if completed before seeds

produced & when soil is dry; (2) large areas• Disadvantages: (1) soil disturbance; (2) more equipment

Page 31: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that re-sprout

Sheep grazing on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in a Colorado State University control trial

Page 32: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

Can even be a lucrative business opportunity…

Page 33: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3)

less labor

Page 34: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment

Page 35: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

Page 36: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing

Page 37: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing; (2) follow-up treatments

Page 38: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing; (2) follow-up treatments• Considerations: (1) type of animal

Page 39: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing; (2) follow-up treatments• Considerations: (1) type of animal; (2) timing & duration of

grazing

Page 40: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing; (2) follow-up treatments• Considerations: (1) type of animal; (2) timing & duration of grazing;

(3) controlling movement

Page 41: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing; (2) follow-up treatments• Considerations: (1) type of animal; (2) timing & duration of grazing;

(3) controlling movement; (4) controlling seed dispersal

Page 42: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing• Similar to mowing/cutting• Single: Effective on some annuals; reduce seed production• Repeated: effective on some perennial species• Not effective: plants that resprout • Advantages: (1) primary treatment; (2) relatively large areas; (3) less

labor & less equipment; (4) break crust; (5) incorporate seeds into soil

• Disadvantages: (1) overgrazing; (2) follow-up treatments• Considerations: (1) type of animal; (2) timing & duration of grazing;

(3) controlling movement; (4) controlling seed dispersal; (5) predation

Page 43: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing

• Example: Patterson’s Curse (Echium plantangineum) in Australia – grazing worked almost as well as herbicide to control

• ‘Crash grazing’ – short duration, high stocking rate

Page 44: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing

• Example: Medusahead (Taenatherium caput-medusae) in California (UC coop. extension)

• ‘Intensive grazing’ – short duration, high stocking rate

“Excellent control was obtained with very high-density and short-duration grazing, but these levels are difficult for many ranchers to duplicate. Additional funding expands the research …and will examine the effect of lower animal densities and longer grazing periods on medusahead control”

Page 45: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs &

woody

Page 46: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance

Scotch broom prescribed burn(photo USFS)

Desert grassland prescribed burn; prevent woodyPlant encroachment (photo USFS)

Page 47: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario

Page 48: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario; (2) relatively large areas

Page 49: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario; (2) relatively large areas• Disadvantages: (1) specialized labor & equipment

Page 50: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario; (2) relatively large areas• Disadvantages: (1) specialized labor & equipment; (2) control

Page 51: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario; (2) relatively large areas• Disadvantages: (1) specialized labor & equipment; (2) control; (3)

potential adverse soil effects

Page 52: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario; (2) relatively large areas• Disadvantages: (1) specialized labor & equipment; (2) control; (3)

potential adverse soil effects• Considerations: (1) timing of burn

Page 53: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn• Effective: a range of annual & perennial invasives; herbs & woody• Not effective: plants that resprout; fire-adapted seeds; novel

disturbance• Advantages: (1) win-win scenario; (2) relatively large areas• Disadvantages: (1) specialized labor & equipment; (2) control; (3)

potential adverse soil effects• Considerations: (1) timing of burn; (2) controlling seed dispersal

Page 54: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling• Effective: single-trunk plants such as pines, some oaks &

maples• Not effective: plants that resprout

Page 55: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling• Effective: single-trunk plants such as pines, some oaks & maples• Not effective: plants that resprout• Advantages: (1) less labor than cutting; (2) highly specific; (3)

snags for wildlife; (4) returns nutrients to soil; (5) reduced erosion potential

Page 56: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling• Effective: single-trunk plants such as pines, some oaks & maples• Not effective: plants that resprout• Advantages: (1) less labor than cutting; (2) highly specific; (3) snags

for wildlife; (4) returns nutrients to soil; (5) reduced erosion potential• Disadvantages: (1) labor intensive; (2) small areas

Page 57: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching• Effective: small herbaceous invasives without storage tissues

Page 58: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching• Effective: small herbaceous invasives without storage tissues• Advantages: (1) by-product use• Disadvantages: (1) non-specific; (2) small areas

Oxalis pes-caprae infestations can be controlled by mulching orsolarization

Page 59: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching(8) Soil solarization• Effective: small herbaceous invasives or after land clearing

Page 60: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching(8) Soil solarization• Effective: small herbaceous invasives or after land clearing• Advantages: (1) complete kill; (2) retains nutrients• Disadvantages: (1) non-specific

Page 61: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching(8) Soil solarization(9) Flooding• Effective: limited number of invasives

Page 62: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching(8) Soil solarization(9) Flooding• Effective: limited number of invasives• Advantages: (1) complete kill• Disadvantages: (1) non-specific

Page 63: 5)Management c)Control ii)Mechanical methods = manually or mechanically damaging plants Removing beachgrass (Ammophila arinaria) from Lanphere Dunes CA.

5) Managementc) Control

ii) Mechanical methods(1) Weeding(2) Mowing & brush cutting(3) Tilling(4) Grazing(5) Prescribed burn(6) Girdling(7) Mulching(8) Soil solarization(9) Flooding


THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF ITALIAN ECOSYSTEMS · F2-Psammophilous ecosystems of the peninsula with Cakile maritima, Elymus farctus, Ammophila arenaria, Crucianella maritima 17% 20,5

THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF ITALIAN ECOSYSTEMS · F2-Psammophilous ecosystems of the peninsula with Cakile maritima, Elymus farctus, Ammophila arenaria, Crucianella maritima 17% 20,5

WASHED MAPLE SIERRA MAPLE DASH ACCENT … · washed maple sb6 beachgrass blue sc2 silver sage sc6 deep linen sierra maple sb7 beachgrass blue sc3 silver sage sc7 deep linen dash accent

WASHED MAPLE SIERRA MAPLE DASH ACCENT … · washed maple sb6 beachgrass blue sc2 silver sage sc6 deep linen sierra maple sb7 beachgrass blue sc3 silver sage sc7 deep linen dash accent

Manual Manipulation for the Adaptive Sports Athlete Shounuck I. Patel, DO Samuel A. Yoakum, DO Gina M. Benaquista DeSipio, DO Julie Lanphere, DO Arthur.

Manual Manipulation for the Adaptive Sports Athlete Shounuck I. Patel, DO Samuel A. Yoakum, DO Gina M. Benaquista DeSipio, DO Julie Lanphere, DO Arthur.

CHRISTIN - GPO · 13-CV-5460 (WFK) Plaintiff Christina Marie Lanphere ("Plaintiff') brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3), alleging that the Commissioner

CHRISTIN - GPO · 13-CV-5460 (WFK) Plaintiff Christina Marie Lanphere ("Plaintiff') brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3), alleging that the Commissioner

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a Species Biology And Potential For - NASA Technical Memorandum 100980 a Species Biology And Potential For 6 Controlling Four Exotic Plants (Ammophila Arenaria, Carpobrot us Edulis,

a Species Biology And Potential For - NASA Technical Memorandum 100980 a Species Biology And Potential For 6 Controlling Four Exotic Plants (Ammophila Arenaria, Carpobrot us Edulis,

EFFECTS OF MANUAL AND MECHANICAL AMMOPHILA …

EFFECTS OF MANUAL AND MECHANICAL AMMOPHILA …

Entering the ICU: How to do this from the Physiatrist’s Perspective Julie Lanphere DO Assistant Professor Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.

Entering the ICU: How to do this from the Physiatrist’s Perspective Julie Lanphere DO Assistant Professor Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.

Influence of Invasive European Beachgrass on Mesopredator ...€¦ · nation ± 1 SE = 70.7 ± 8.1%), and preliminary analyses indicated it was not a significant predictor of mesopreda-tor

Influence of Invasive European Beachgrass on Mesopredator ...€¦ · nation ± 1 SE = 70.7 ± 8.1%), and preliminary analyses indicated it was not a significant predictor of mesopreda-tor

CORE MANAGEMENT PLAN INCLUDING CONSERVATION … · 5.2 Conservation Status and Management Requirements of Feature 2: Shifting Dunes along the Shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white

CORE MANAGEMENT PLAN INCLUDING CONSERVATION … · 5.2 Conservation Status and Management Requirements of Feature 2: Shifting Dunes along the Shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white

FORT DIX RANGE BERM STABILIZATION PROJECT · flood protection to shore communities. On primary sand dunes, beachgrass lasts 3-10 years before it ... front and back side of the berm

FORT DIX RANGE BERM STABILIZATION PROJECT · flood protection to shore communities. On primary sand dunes, beachgrass lasts 3-10 years before it ... front and back side of the berm

Sand dune Habitats Version August 2004 - JNCC Open Datadata.jncc.gov.uk/data/7607ac0b-f3d9-4660-9dda-0e... · H2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ("white

Sand dune Habitats Version August 2004 - JNCC Open Datadata.jncc.gov.uk/data/7607ac0b-f3d9-4660-9dda-0e... · H2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ("white

Lanphere v. Schwabe et. al.

Lanphere v. Schwabe et. al.

12 1237 - Turtle Talk · 12 1237 No. 5Jn t~e ~reme ~eurt af the i~nitel~ ~tate~ DANIEL T. MILLER; AMBER LANPHERE; PAUL M. MATHESON, Individually, and on behalf of others similarly

12 1237 - Turtle Talk · 12 1237 No. 5Jn t~e ~reme ~eurt af the i~nitel~ ~tate~ DANIEL T. MILLER; AMBER LANPHERE; PAUL M. MATHESON, Individually, and on behalf of others similarly

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Reducing Risks to Pollinators ......Physical removal of an invasive plant. Andrea Pickart/USFWS Physical removal of invasive European beachgrass (Ammophila

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Reducing Risks to Pollinators ......Physical removal of an invasive plant. Andrea Pickart/USFWS Physical removal of invasive European beachgrass (Ammophila

Interaction Between Pingao and Marram on Sand Dunes · 2018. 5. 25. · spiralis) and the introduced sand binder marram (Ammophila arenaria) (Partridge 1991). In that report it was

Interaction Between Pingao and Marram on Sand Dunes · 2018. 5. 25. · spiralis) and the introduced sand binder marram (Ammophila arenaria) (Partridge 1991). In that report it was

Effects of manual and mechanical removal of Ammophila ... · lower at all three sites compared to invaded areas. At the site with both treatment types, Gold Bluff Beach, mechanical

Effects of manual and mechanical removal of Ammophila ... · lower at all three sites compared to invaded areas. At the site with both treatment types, Gold Bluff Beach, mechanical

Nesting Behavior and Bionomics of a Solitary …...Nesting Behavior and Bionomics of a Solitary Ground-Nesting Wasp, Ammophila dysmica (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae): Influence of Parasite

Nesting Behavior and Bionomics of a Solitary …...Nesting Behavior and Bionomics of a Solitary Ground-Nesting Wasp, Ammophila dysmica (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae): Influence of Parasite

Superparasitism on the Wasp Ammophila pictipennis Walsh ... · The Strepsiptera is an order of insects comprising obligate endoparasitoids of seven orders of other insects including

Superparasitism on the Wasp Ammophila pictipennis Walsh ... · The Strepsiptera is an order of insects comprising obligate endoparasitoids of seven orders of other insects including

Lanphere v. Prima et. al.

Lanphere v. Prima et. al.