5.IPv6
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IPv6
LVY
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Distribusi IP Address di Dunia
IANA (Internet Assigned Number
Authority)
RIR(Regional Internet Registry)
NIR (National Internet Registry)
LIR (Local Internet Registry)
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IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority)
RIR Asia Pasifik (APNIC)
RIR Eropa(RIPE)
RIR Afrika (AFRINIC)
RIR Amerika Selatan (LACNIC)
RIR Amerika Utara (ARIN)
NIR Jepang (JPNIC)
NIR Taiwan (TWNIC)
NIR Indonesia (IDNIC)
ISP
LAN/ WAN
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Why IPv6 ?
Kebutuhan akan address yang jauh lebih besar Internet harus mengakomodasi audio real-time dan
transmisi video. Tipe transmisi ini mensyaratkan minimum delay dan reservasi resource. Hal ini tidak tersedia dalam desain IPv4
Internet harus mengakomodasi enkripsi dan autentikasi data untuk beberapa aplikasi. Hal ini tidak disediakan oleh IPv4
IPv6 Launching 6 Juni 2012
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IPv6
Motivasi awal: 32-bit address space (IPv4) habis (contoh: di APNIC habis pada 15 April 2011)
Motivasi tambahan: Format header membantu kecepatan pengolahan /forwarding Perubahan header untuk mengakomodasi QoS Alamat “anycast” baru
Format IPv6 datagram : fixed-length 40 byte header Tidak mengizinkan fragmentasi
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IPv6 terdiri dari 128 bit.128 bit ini dibagi menjadi 8 bagian,
dimana masing-masing bagian terdiri dari 16 bit
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Notasi IPv6
Contoh IPv6 adalah 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
Masing-masing group terdiri dari 4 digit hexadesimal.
Group yang semua bitnya 0 bisa dituliskan dengan 1 digit 0 saja atau tidak dituliskan sama sekali, diberi tanda titik dua saja.
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Contoh penulisan alamat IPv6 dengan menyingkat
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TRY THIS..!
Berapakah alamat original untuk alamat berikut?
0 : 15 : : 1 : 12 : 1213
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TRY THIS..!
Berapakah alamat original untuk alamat berikut?
0 : 15 : : 1 : 12 : 1213
JAWAB :
0000:0015:0000:0000:0000:0001:0012:1213
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Penulisan di URL
http://[2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7348]/
Mengandung nomor port : https://[2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344]:443/
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Format IPv6
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Version - version 6 (4-bit IP version). Traffic class - packet priority (8 bits). Priority values dibagi
menjadi : trafik bila source menyediakan congestion control dan non-control trafic.
Flow label - QoS management (20 bits). Pada dasarnya dibuat untuk memberikan servis pada real-time application, tapi biasanya tidak digunakan.
Payload length - payload length dalam bytes (16 bits). Saat diset 0, maka artinya jumbo payload max 4GiB
Next header – Spesifikasi protokol berikutnya yang dienkapsulasi. Misal IPv4 protocol(8 bits).
Hop limit - menggantikan time to live pada IPv4 (8 bits). Menunjukkan hop (bukan waktu)
Source and destination addresses - 128 bits masing-masing
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IPv4 & IPv6 Header Comparison
Version IHL Type of Service Total Length
Identification FlagsFragment
Offset
Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
Options Padding
Version Traffic Class Flow Label
Payload LengthNext
HeaderHop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
IPv4 HeaderIPv4 Header IPv6 HeaderHeader
- field’s name kept from IPv4 to IPv6
- fields not kept in IPv6
- Name & position changed in IPv6
- New field in IPv6Lege
nd
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IPv4 versus IPv6
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IPv6 juga mengizinkan adanya DHCP Server sebagai pengatur alamat otomatis.
Dalam IPv6, konfigurasi alamat :dengan menggunakan DHCP Server
dinamakan dengan stateful address configuration
tanpa DHCP Server dinamakan dengan stateless address configuration.
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IPv6 Address diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 tipe:
Unicast One address on a single interface Delivery to single interface
Multicast Address of a set of interfaces Delivery to all interfaces in the set
Anycast Address of a set of interfaces Delivery to a single interface in the set, the nearest one ( the one with the shortest route) one possible use is to assign an anycast address to all routers of an ISP that covers a large logical area in the Internet.
The routers outside the ISP deliver a packet destined for the ISP to the nearest ISP router.
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LOCAL ADDRESS
Local address digunakan saat organisasi ingin menggunakan IPv6 tanpa harus terhubung dengan internet. Dengan kata lain, menyediakan alamat untuk private network. Tidak ada user dari luar organisasi yang dapat mengirim pesan ke node yang menggunakan address ini. 2 tipe local address adalah link local address dan site local address
Link local address digunakan untuk isolated subnet Site local address digunakan untuk isolated site dengan beberapa
subnet
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Routing Protocol
RIPv2, OSPFv3, BGP4+
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TRANSISI DARI IPv4 ke IPv6
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DUAL STACK
Dual Stack: sebelum migrasi ke versi 6 secara komplit, semua host direkomendasikan untuk memiliki protokol dual stack. Dengan kata lain, station harus me-run IPv4 dan IPv6 secara simultan sampai seluruh internet menggunakan IPv6.
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Dual Stack Approach
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TUNNELING
Tunneling: IPv6 dibawa sebagai payload datagram IPv4 bila melewati router dengan IPv4
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Tunneling
IPv6 inside IPv4 where needed
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HEADER TRANSLATION
Memungkinkan bila mayoritas internet sudah menggunakan IPv6, namun beberapa sistem masih menggunakan IPv4.
Misal sender gunakan IPv6, receiver tidak dapat gunakan IPv6
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HAPPY LEARNING!!