5G

1KEY TO THE PROGRAMMABLE WORLDPRESENTED BY,NISHANTH CHANDRANROLL NO. 17S7 CSEISSAT

GUIDED BY,Ms. NEENU SHEREEF

ContentsIntroductionExisting Wireless TechnologiesEvolution of Wireless Technologies5G ArchitectureWorking Of 5G NetworksFeatures of 5GAdvantages of 5G TechnologyDisadvantages of 5G TechnologyCommon ChallengesApplications of 5GConclusionReferences

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1. IntroductionRadio technologies have evidenced a rapid and multidirectional evolution with the launch of the analogue cellular systems in 1980s.

Thereafter, digital wireless communication systems are consistently on a mission to fulfil the growing need of human beings (1G, 4G, or now 5G).

The word wireless in dictionary is defined having no wires in networking terminology.

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Cont..The 5G technologies include all type of complex features which makes 5G mobile technology most powerful and in huge require in near future.

5G technology as well as camera, MP3 video recording, video player, large mobile phone memory, dialing speed, audio actor and much more you never visualize

Here we describes the 5G technology emphasizing on its salient features, technological design (architecture), advantages, shortcomings, challenges, and future scope.

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2. Existing Wireless Technologies3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project )The3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations, known as the Organizational Partners. The initial scope of 3GPP was to make a globally applicable third-generation (3G)mobile phonesystem specification based on evolvedGlobal System for Mobile Communications(GSM)

HSPA(High Speed Packet Acess)High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)is an amalgamation of twomobile telephonyprotocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks utilizing theWCDMAprotocols.5

Cont..LTE(Long Term Evolution)Long-Term Evolution(LTE) is a standard for high-speedwirelesscommunication for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on theGSM/EDGEandUMTS/HSPAnetwork technologies

Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity)Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term that refers to IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).

Li-Fi(Light Fidelity)Li-Fi(Light Fidelity) basically the sending of the digital signals via light. if Li-Fi technology can be put into practical use, every bulb can be used as an alternative to Wi-Fi hotspots

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3. Evolution of Wireless TechnologiesG. Marconi, an Italian inventor, unlocks the path of recent day wireless communications.

Wireless communications have become an important part of present day society. The satellite communication, television and radio transmission ,mobile communications are the example.

It also shows that the 1G and 2G technologies use circuit switching while 2.5G and 3G uses both circuit and packet switching and the next generations from 3.5G to now i.e. 5G are using packet switching7

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A. First-Generation Systems (1G)Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s

Based on analog system

Speed up to 2.4 kbps

AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was the 1G mobile system

Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country

1 G wireless networks used analog radio signals. 9

B. Second Generation Systems (2G)

Developed in late 1980s & completed in late 1990s

Speed up to 64 kbps

Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity

2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G having more capabilities

The main 2.5G technologies were GPRS, Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

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C. Third Generation Systems (3G)Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until present day transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps

Good clarity in video conference

WCDMA, WLAN Bluetooth & mobile devices area (cell phone & GPS)The evolving technologies like High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and Evolution-Data Optimized(EVDO) has made an intermediate wireless generation between 3G and 4G.11

D. Fourth Generation Systems (4G)Developed in 2010 ,Speed up to 100 Mbps

Low cost, High QOS and High Security

3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is presently standardizing Long Term Evolution (LTE) Advanced as forthcoming 4G standard along with Mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WIMAX).

Applications such as wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, HDTV content and Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) are being developed to use a 4G network. 12

E. FIFTH GENERATION SYSTEMS (5G) 5G Wireless Communication System is not deployed yet.

Complete wireless communication with almost no limitation.

Multi-Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an HD T.V.

Faster data transmission that of the previous generations.

Real world wireless or called WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web, combined IP & seamless mixture of broadband.

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Cont..

IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is assigned according to location & connected network.

One unified global standard.

The user can simultaneously be connected with several wireless access technology.

Multiple concurrent data transfer path.

Recently introduced IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ad and 802.11af standards are very helpful and act as a building blocks in the road towards5G.

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What is 5G Technology?For the consumer it will mean ultra high data speeds (upwards of 20GBPs), ultra low latency, and new devices and form factors.

The 5G technology is expected to provide a new (much wider than the previous one) frequency bands along with the wider spectral bandwidth per frequency channel. As of now, the predecessors (generations) mobile technologies have evidenced substantial increase in peak bitrate.

it is able to support the speed up to 10 Gbps.15

4. 5G - ArchitectureArchitecture of 5G is highly advanced, its network elements and various terminals are characteristically upgraded to afford a new situation. Likewise, service providers can implement the advance technology to adopt the value-added services easily.

However, upgradeability is based upon cognitive radio technology that includes various significant features such as ability of devices to identify their geographical location as well as weather, temperature, etc.16

Cont..Cognitive radio technology acts as a transceiver (beam) that perceptively can catch and respond radio signals in its operating environment. Further, it promptly distinguishes the changes in its environment and hence respond accordingly to provide uninterrupted quality service.

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Cont..As shown in the following image, the system model of 5G is entirelyIPbased model designed for the wireless and mobile networks.

The system comprising of a main user terminal and then a number of independent and autonomous radio access technologies. Each of the radio technologies is considered as the IP link for the outside internet world.

The IP technology is designed exclusively to ensure sufficient control data for appropriate routing of IP packets related to a certain application connections.18

5. Working Of 5G Networks19

Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)

OSI layer 1 & OSI layer 2 define the wireless technology

For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based on Open Wireless Architecture (OWA)

Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA

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Network LayerAll mobile networks will use mobile IP

Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent)

A mobile can be attached to several mobiles or wireless networks at the same time

The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones

Separation of network layer into two sub-layers: (i) Lower network layer (for each interface) (ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)

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Open Transport Protocol (OTP)Wireless network differs from wired network regarding the transport layer

In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments are due to network congestion

In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the radio interface

5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be downloaded & installed Open Transport Protocol (OTP)

Transport layer + Session layer = OTP 22

Application (service) LayerProvides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over variety of networks

Provides possibility for service quality testing & storage of measurement information in information database in the mobile terminal

Select the best wireless connection for given services

QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability, will be stored in DB of 5G mobile

Presentation layer + Application layer = Application

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Hardware of 5GUses UWB (Ultra Wide Band) networks with higher BW at low energy levels

BW is of 4000 Mbps, which is 400 times faster than todays wireless networks

Uses smart antenna

Uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 24

Software of 5G5G will be single unified standard of different wireless networks, including LAN technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW- World Wide Wireless Web, unified IP & seamless combination of broadband

Software defined radio, encryption, flexibility, Anti-Virus

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6. Features of 5GPractically possible to avail the super speed i.e. 1 to 10 Gbps.

Latency will be 1 millisecond (end-to-end round trip).

1,000x bandwidth per unit area.

Feasibility to connect 10 to 100 number of devices.

Worldwide coverage.

About 90% reduction in network energy usage.

Battery life will be much longer.

Whole world will be inwi fizone.

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7. Advantages of 5G TechnologyHigh resolution and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping.

Technology to gather all networks on one platform.

Easily manageable with the previous generations.

Possible to provide uniform, uninterrupted, and consistent connectivity across the world

Data BW of 1 Gbps or higher

Available at low cost

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8. Disadvantages of 5G TechnologyTechnology is still under process and research on its viability is going on.

The speed, this technology is claiming seems difficult to achieve (in future, it might be) because of the incompetent technological support in most parts of the world.

Many of the old devices would not be competent to 5G, hence, all of them need to be replaced with new one expensive deal.

Developing infrastructure needs high cost.

Security and privacy issue yet to be solved.

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9. Common ChallengesMultiple Services

Infrastructure

Communication, Navigation, & Sensing

Security and Privacy

Legislation of Cyberlaw

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10. Applications of 5G

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Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities

Pervasive (Global) networks

Media independent handover

Radio resource management

VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled devices

With 6th sense technology

11. CONCLUSION 5G wireless cellular communication systems that have been dened in terms of capacity, data rate, spectral efciency, latency, energy efciency, and Quality of service.

The new coming 5G technology will be available in the market at affordable rates, high peak future & much reliability than preceding technologies

Fifth generation should make an important difference and add more services and reimbursement to the world over 4G. 31

12. ReferencesNascimento, Andrea, et al. "A characterization of mobility management in user-centric networks", Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pg.314-325, 2013.

PankajSharm "Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication NetworksI G to 5G as well as Future Prospective ofNext Generation Communication Network", International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.2, Issue. , pg.47 - 53,20 I 3. [

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