5cd checkpoints and cancer
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Transcript of 5cd checkpoints and cancer
Checkpoints
While preparing for division, a cell does a self-check to see if everything is proceeding as normal.
A cell will not divide if: There are not enough nutrients available to support
continued growth The DNA has not been replicated The DNA is damaged
If an issue is detected the cell either repairs or destroys itself.
Checkpoints
Chromosomes attached to spindle fibers?
Chromosomes split evenly during anaphase?
Enough nutrients to support cell?
Damaged DNA?
DNA replicated?
Damaged DNA?
Cancer
If a mutation occurs in a gene that produces instructions for a checkpoint protein, cell cycle control will be lost.
Damaged cells divide without control – uncontrolled division is called cancer.
Instead of division stopping after a single layer of cells is produced, cancer cells grow in multiple layers called a tumor
Cancer
Cancer cells are abnormal and do not carry out the normal functions of the tissue where the tumor has grown
Cancer cells have large abnormal nuclei due to uncontrolled cell division from lack of regulation by checkpoints
Cancer cells attract blood vessels to supply the tumor with nutrients for continued growth
Some cancer cells can enter the blood stream and spread to other parts of the body and form new tumors – Metastasize