PAPER PRESENTATION ON

BRAIN CONTROLLED CAR FOR DISABLED USING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

PAPER SUBMITTED BY:

D.SHIREESHAIIIrd ECESRINIVASA RAMANUJAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYShireesha.vadde@gmail.comPH NO :9533526530

M.NAGASUMANJALIIIIrd ECESRINIVASA RAMANUJAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY sumaanjali3@gmail.comPHNO :9491156221

1. ABSTRACTThis paper considers the

development of a brain driven car, which would beof great help to the physically disabled people.Since these cars will rely only on what theindividual is thinking they will hence not requireany physical movement on the part of theindividual. The car integrates signals from avariety of sensors like video, weather monitor,anti-collision etc. it also has an automaticnavigation system in case of emergency. The carworks on the asynchronous mechanism of artificialintelligence. It’s a great advance of technologywhich will make the disabled, abled. In the 40sand 50s, a number of researchers explored theconnection between neurology, information theory,and cybernetics. Some of them built machines thatused electronic networks to exhibit rudimentaryintelligence, such as W. Grey Walter's turtles andthe Johns Hopkins Beast. Many of theseresearchers gathered for meetings of theTeleological Society at Princeton and the Ratio

Club in England.

Most researchers hope that their work willeventually be incorporated into a machine withgeneral intelligence (known as strong AI), combiningall the skills above and exceeding human abilities at most or all of them. A few believe thatanthropomorphic features like artificialconsciousness or an artificial brain may be required

for such a project

2.INTRODUCTIONThe video and thermogram analyzercontinuously monitor activities outside the car.A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimescalled a direct neural interface or a brain-machineinterface, is a direct communication pathwaybetween a human or animal brain (or brain cellculture) and an external device. In one-way BCIs,computers either accept commands from the brain orsend signals to it (for example, to restore vision) butnot both. Two-way BCIs would allow brains andexternal devices to exchange information in bothdirections but have yet to be successfully implantedin animals or humans.In this definition, the word brain means thebrain or nervous system of an organic lifeform rather than the mind. Computer means anyprocessing or computational device, from simplecircuits to siliconchips (including hypothetical future technologies such as quantum computing)Once the driver (disabled) nears the car.The security system of the car is activated. Imagesas well as thermo graphic results of the driver arepreviously fed into the database of the computer.If the video images match with the databaseentries then the security system advances to thenext stage. Here the thermo graphic imageverification is done with the database. Once the

driver passes this stage the door slides to the sidesand a ramp is lowered from its floor. The ramphas flip actuators in its lower end. Once thedriver enters the ramp, the flip actuates the rampto be lifted horizontally. Then robotic arms assistthe driver to his seat. As soon as the driver is seated the EEG (electroencephalogram) helmet,attached to the top of the seat, is lowered andsuitably placed on the driver’s head. A widescreen of the computer is placed at an angleaesthetically suitable to the driver. Each programcan be controlled either directly by a mouse or bya shortcut. For starting the car, the start button isclicked. Accordingly the computer switches ONthe circuit from the battery to the A.C.SeriesInduction motors.

3.BIOCONTROL SYSTEMThe biocontrol systemintegrates signals from various other systems andcompares them with originals in the database. Itcomprises of the following systems: Brain-computer interface Automatic security system Automatic navigation systemNow let us discuss each system in detail.3.1.BRAIN – COMPUTER INTERFACE Brain-computer interfaceswill increase acceptance by offeringcustomized, intelligent help andtraining, especially for the non-expert user.Development of such a flexible interfaceparadigm raises several challenges in theareas of machine perception andautomatic explanation. The teams doingresearch in this field have developed asingle-position, brain-controlled switch thatresponds to specific patterns detected inspatiotemporal electroencephalograms(EEG) measured from the humanscalp. We refer to this initial design as theLow- FrequencyAsynchronous Switch Design (LF-ASD)

(Fig.1).

Fig 1The EEG is then filtered and runthrough a fast Fourier transform before being

displayed as a three dimensional graphic. Thedata can then be piped into MIDI compatiblemusic programs. Furthermore, MIDI can beadjusted to control other external processes, suchas robotics. The experimental control system isconfigured for the particular task being used in theevaluation. Real Time Workshop generates all thecontrol programs from Simulink models andC/C++ using MS Visual C++ 6.0. Analysis ofdata is mostly done within Mat labenvironment. FEATURES OF EEG BANDRemote analysis data can be sent andanalyzed in real-time over a network or modemconnection.Data can be fully exported in raw data,FFT & average formats.Ultra low noise balanced DC couplingamplifier.Max input 100microV p-p, minimum digitalresolution is100 microV p-p / 256 = 0.390625 micro V p-p. FFTpoint can select from 128 (0.9375 Hz), 256(0.46875 Hz), 512(0.234375 Hz resolution).Support for additional serial ports via plug-in boar;allows extensive serial input & output control.Infinite real-time data acquisition (dependent uponhard drivesize).Real-time 3-D & 2-D FFT with peak indicator,Raw Data, and Horizontal Bar displays with QuickDraw mode. Full 24 bit color support; data can be analyzed

with any standard or user.Customized color palettes; color cycling availablein 8 bit mode with QuickDrawmode.Interactive real-time FFT filtering with Quick Drawmode. Real-time 3-D FFT (left, right, coherenceand relative coherence), raw wave, spherefrequency and six brain wave switch in oneOpenGL display.Full Brainwave driven Quick Time Movie,Quick TimeMIDI control; user configurableFull Brain wave driven sound control, support for16 bit sound; user configurableFull image capture and playback control;

user configurable.

fig 2

Fig 33.1.1.TEST RESULTS COMPARINGDRIVER ACCURACY WITH/WITHOUTBCI

1. Able-bodied subjects using imaginarymovements could attain equal or better controlaccuracies than able-bodied subjects using realmovements.2. Subjects demonstrated activation accuracies inthe range of 70-82% with false activationsbelow 2%.3. Accuracies using actual finger movementswere observed in the range 36-83%4. The average classification accuracy of

imaginary movements was over 99%

Fig.4 Brain-to- Machine Mechanism

The principle behind the wholemechanism is that the impulse of the humanbrain can be tracked and even decoded. TheLow-Frequency Asynchronous Switch Designtraces the motor neurons in the brain. When thedriver attempts for a physical movement, he/shesends an impulse to the motor neuron. Thesemotor neurons carry the signal to the physicalcomponents such as hands or legs. Hence wedecode the message at the motor neuron toobtain maximum accuracy. By observing thesensory neurons we can monitor the eye movementof the driver.

Fig.5 Eyeball TrackingAs the eye moves, the cursor on thescreen also moves and is also brightened when thedriver concentrates on one particular point in his environment. The sensors, which are placed atthe front and rear ends of the car, send a livefeedback of the environment to the computer.The steering wheel is turned through a specificangle by electromechanical actuators. The angle ofturn is calibrated from the distance moved by the

dot on the screen.

Fig.6 Electromechanical Control Unit

Fig.7 Sensors and Their Range3.2.AUTOMATIC SECURITY SYSTEMThe EEG of the driver ismonitored continually. When it drops lessthan 4 Hz then the driver is in an unstable state. A message is given to the driver forconfirmation and waits for sometime, tocontinue the drive. A confirmed replyactivates the program for automatic drive. Ifthe driver is doesn’t give reply then thecomputer prompts the driver for thedestination before the drive. 3.3.AUTOMATIC NAVIGATION SYSTEMAs the computer is based onartificial intelligence it automatically monitorsevery route the car travels and stores it in itsmap database for future use. The map database isanalyzed and the shortest route to thedestination is chosen. With traffic monitoringsystem provided by xm satellite radio thecomputer drives the car automatically. Videoand anti-collision sensors mainly assist this driveby providing continuous live feed of theenvironment up to 180 m, which is sufficient for

the purpose.

Fig.8 EEG Analysis Window4.CONCLUSIONWhen the above requirements aresatisfied and if this car becomes cost effectivethen we shall witness a revolutionary change inthe society where the demarcation between theabler and the disabled vanishes. Thus theintegration of bioelectronics with automotivesystems is essential to develop efficient andfuturistic vehicles, which shall be witnessed soonhelping the disabled in every manner in the field of

transportation.5.REFERENCE1. 'Off-line Classification of EEG from the "NewYork Brain- Computer Interface (BCI)"Flotzinger, D., Kalcher, J., Wolpaw, J.R.,McFarland, J.J., and Pfurtscheller, G., Report#378, IIG-Report Series, IIG: Institutes forInformation Processing, Graz University ofTechnology, Austria 1993.2. "Man-Machine Communications throughBrain-Wave Processing" Keirn, Z.A. and Aunon,J.I., IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology

Magazine, March 19903.Automotive engineering, SAE, June 2005 4.Automotive mechanics , Crouse , tenth edition ,19935. "The brain response interface:communication through visually-inducedelectrical brain responses" Sutter, E.E., Journal

of Microcomputer Applications, 1992, 15: 31-45