* GB786054 (A)

Description: GB786054 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to light responsive apparatus

Description of GB786054 (A)

We, NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, a British Corporation established by Statute, of 1 Tilney Street, London, W.1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to light responsive apparatus. It has already been proposed to use a photo-electric cell to control a cold cathode tube for such purposes as the operation of re-igniting means in the event of failure of a flame, and in conjunction with a light source to detect smoke and also in high speed flash photography it has been proposed to operate a slave electronic flash lamp automatically from another master electronic flash lamp by arranging that the light from the master falls on a photo-electric cell which is connected in shunt with an impedance between the anode and the grid of a cold cathode tube having a second impedance between said grid and its cathode-so that the cold cathode tube strikes when the master lamp is operated and causes the slave lamp to flash. In light responsive apparatus according to the present invention there is applied from a direct current source to electrodes of a cold cathode tube a normal or standing bias voltage just below the maximum voltage at which the tube will not strike and photocell means comprising a group of barrier cell type elements or layers in series are such and so connected as when exposed to the minimum light to which a response is required, to increase the voltage at said tube electrodes to a value just above the minimum voltage which will ensure striking of the tube. lPrice 3 s 6 d l The apparatus may utilise for its operation the voltage produced by the photo-electric cell means when subjected to light or, alternatively, the decrease of the resistance of said means

with increase of light. In the former, i e " voltage ", case, the photo-electric voltage is added to the standing bias voltage to initiate a discharge, the standing bias voltage plus the photoelectric voltage being applied between the cathode and trigger electrode of a three electrode cold cathode discharge tube or between the anode and cathode of a two electrode cold cathode discharge tube, and, it being generally advantageous, especially in the case of a two electrode tube, to shunt the photo-electric cell means with a rectifier so connected as to present its relatively high reverse resistance to the photo-electric voltage whereby limitation of tube current by the resistance of the photo-electric cell means is avoided by the virtual shortcircuiting of said means by the relatively low forward resistance of the rectifier and lower supply voltages can be used. In the latter, i e " resistance ", case, the standing bias voltage at the trigger electrode of a three electrode cold cathode type discharge tube may be provided by a potential divider connected across the anodecathode supply connections of the apparatus and which is comprised as to one portion by the photo-electric cell means and as to the other portion by a resistance connected (after the manner of a " grid leak ") between the trigger electrode and cathode of the tube and which latter, for the purpose of compensating for any changes (e g temperature) other than light changes to which the photo-electric cell means are subject, may be comprised by a second photo-electric means which is shielded from the light to 7865054 PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:-ALEXANDER HARRY MITCHELL. Date of filing Complete Specification: April 8, 1954. Application Date: April 23, 1953 No 11202 /53. Comnplete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance -Class 40 ( 3), A 5 (B 2: 52). International Classification:-G 08 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Light Responsive Apparatus. 786,054 which a response is required or by other means having similar characteristics for this purpose. Several forms of the invention are illusa trated by the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification which are circuit diagrams of:Figure 1, a voltage operated three electrode tube apparatus; Figure 2, a voltage operated three electrode tube apparatus employing a rectifier enabling lower anode voltages to be used; Figure 3, a voltage operated two electrode tube apparatus also having a rectifier; and Figure 4, a resistance operated three electrode tube apparatus. In Figure 1, a cold cathode triode is indicated at 11 with its anode at 12, trigger electrode at 13 and cathode at 14, a direct )o current

supply is indicated as a battery 15 connected to the cathode 14 by a lead 16 and with the anode 12 via a load 17, and the photo-electric cell means, indicated at 18, are connected between a standing bias tapping 19 of the supply 15 and the trigger electrode 13 in such sense that voltage of said means 18 when subjected to light is added to the bias voltage. The Figure 1 apparatus is set up so that the standing bias is less than the trigger electrode voltage required to strike the tube 11 by an amount which is less than the voltage which is afforded by the photoelectric cell means 18 when subjected to light to which a response in the form of a substantial current in, or, voltage across, the load 17 is required; and, in order adequately to allow for variation of the trigger voltage at which a given tube will strike, the photo electric cell means 18 comprise a group of barrier cell type photo electric elements or layers connected in series with one another. For example, the standing bias voltage, which necessarily is less than the maximum voltage at which the tube will not strike, may be volts less than the minimum trigger voltage which will ensure striking of the tube and the barrier cell elements or layers of the group 18 may afford together at least 10 Dol volts. Figure 2 differs from Figure 1 only in that a rectifier 20 is connected in shunt with the group 18 of barrier cell elements or layers in such sense as to present its relatively high .5 reverse resistance to the voltage afforded by said means 18 This rectifier 20 virtually short circuits the photo electric cell means for trigger electrode current from the bias tapping 19 and enables the voltage of the source 15 to be substantially less than in Figure 1 for the same performance in use. Figure 3 differs from Figure 2 in that the tube 11 is here a diode and in that the rectifier shunted photo electric cell means 18 are connected in series with the load 17 between the source 15 and the anode 12. The rectifier 20 virtually short circuits the group 18 of barrier cell elements or layers except as regards the voltage afforded thereby and so relieves said group 18 of the tube current, the voltage of the source 15 being less than the maximum voltage at which a given tube 11 will not strike and the voltage afforded by the photo electric cell means 18 when subjected to the minimum light to which a response in the form of substantial current in the load 17 is required being not less than the difference between the minimum trigger voltage which will ensure striking of the tube 11 and the voltage of said source 15. 7 ') id The apparatus of Figure 4 is different from those of Figures 1, 2 and 3 in that it relies for its operation upon the decrease of

the resistance of the photo-electric cell means 18, 83 instead of the open circuit voltage produced thereby, when subject to light The Figure 4 circuit is the same as Figure 1 except for the addition of a " grid leak " resistor 21 which together with the photo-electric cell means 18 90 constitutes a potential divider affording a bias voltage applied to the trigger electrode 13 When the resistance of the photoelectric cell means 18 falls sufficiently the voltage applied by the potential divider 18, 95 21 increases enough to strike the tube 11 As in Figures 1, 2 and 3 the photo-electric cell means 18 are comprised by a group of barrier cell type elements or layers in series with one another, in this case to ensure that loo when subjected to light to which a response is required there shall be a sufficient resists ance change and so a sufficient consequent voltage change adequately to allow for variations of the voltage at which the tube 105 will strike. The value of the resistor 21, depending upon the characteristics of the tube 11 in any particular case, may be of the order of one half of the normal or standing resistance 110 of the photo-electric cell means 18 which in order to take advantage of its resistance/ illumination characteristic should be con. nected, as indicated by the + and signs, in the same sense as in Figures 1, 2 and 3 113 The Figure 4 circuit arrangement lends itself to easy compensation for the effects upon the photo-electric cell means 18 of any changes (e g of temperature) other than light changes to which said means 18 are 120 subject, by simply using at 21 a component having the requisite characteristics, e g. further and similar photo-electric cell means connected in the sense indicated by the + and signs and which are shielded from 125 the light to which response is required. Such compensation is important in the case of apparatus for aircraft use, for example, for actuation by the light from incipient 786,054 fuel tank explosions to operate means to suppress them. One test apparatus using the circuit of Figure 3 for operating standard type fusible igniters as used for blasting connected at 17, used a C V 2265 two electrode cold cathode tube at 11, four EEL (Registered Trade Mark) cells Type M 1 by Evans Electro Selenium Ltd at 18, a conventional selenium 10) rectifier having 16 elements and measuring approximately 2 " x 1 ' diameter at 20, and at 15 a battery adjusted to some 113 volts which is some 7 volts less than the nominal striking voltage of the tube 11, and the latter was struck and the igniters blown each time the photo-electric cell means 18 were illuminated sufficiently to produce approximately 10 volts. Another test apparatus using the circuit of Figure 4 with similar igniters at 17, used a three electrode cold cathode tube similar to

the Ferranti (Registered Trade Mark) K 40 at 11, a single EEL (Registered Trade Mark) cell comprising 20 barrier cell elements -5 at 18, a similar cell but comprising 10 elements shielded from light at 21 and a battery of 140 volts at 15 with the tap 19 taken to the positive (or load) end of the battery 15. When the means 18 were dark the potential at the trigger electrode 13 was about 50 volts and such illumination of the means 18 as would cause them to produce 2 5 volts on open circuit made available a triggering potential up to about 100 volts, the nominal striking potential of the tube 11 being about volts For use where the compensating effects of the shielded 10 element cell at 21 are not required this can be replaced by a resistor of some 5 Megohms. " The phrase barrier cell type elements or layers as used herein and in the claims which follow is intended to mean elements or layers each comprising a rectifier contactgap between the bounding surfaces of a conductor and a semi-conductor such that light causes the passage of electrons across it.

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* GB786055 (A)

Description: GB786055 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in steering mechanism

Description of GB786055 (A)

-PATENT SPECIICTION 786,055 Inventor:-CHARLES EMERY FLEMING STABLE. lo Date of filing Complete Specification: May 4, 1954. ) Application Date: May 4, 1953 No 12386/53. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.

Index at Acceptance -Classes 79 ( 5), H 9; and 135, P( 5:16 EX: 21: 241 24 N: 27 A). International Classification:-B 62 d B 63 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in Steering Mechanism. We, GEORGE KENT LIMITED, a Company organised under the laws of Great Britain, of 199 High Holborn, London, W C 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to mechanism commonly referred to as steering mechanism whether it is to be used for the steering of vehicles or the navigation of boats. The present invention has for its main object to provide a power control device which can be incorporated in a steering mechanism during manufacture and can also readily be applied to an existing mechanism with the object in both cases of providing a manually controlled power-assisted steering mechanism. Steering mechanism of the type with which the invention is concerned comprises a manually operated steering column, and the steering gear proper (such as a cam and follower, or rack and pinion, or a screw and nut) which, in manually operated steering mechanism, converts the manual effort applied to the steering column into displacement of the transmission extending to the part to be controlled (e g the steering road wheels of a vehicle) More particularly, the invention relates to mechanism of the kind in which means controlled by the manual operation are provided to afford powerassistance to the steering action by the injection of power into the mechanism. Now according to the present invention, in a steering mechanism of the kind referred to there is provided a mechanism comprising means to connect the steering column having a steering wheel secured to it and lPrice 3 s 6 d l the input member of a steering gear with provision for limited relative angular movement about the axis of the column, means to convert that relative angular movement into axial movement of the column, and a valve operating member which is operated by that axial movement to effect operation of a valve controlling the supply of power to a power unit to afford power assistance. Such an arrangement is simple and lends itself to easy incorporation in a steering mechanism of an otherwise more or less normal type. The steering column is acted upon by the restoring springs which tend to restore it and the valve operating member controlled by it to the neutral position; the springs are preferably disposed about and coaxial with the column. For the purpose of converting the angular movement referred to into

axial movement of the column, either a pin and slot connection can be provided between the two parts or alternatively a screw and nut connection can be employed for the same purpose. The type of valve employed would be one which requires a very small movement to effect the desired control action The amount of axial movement required of the steering column is correspondingly small and would be unnoticeable to the operator of the mechanism. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a steering gear and the associated power unit controlled by the power control of this invention, and Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a modified arrangement. Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates the manually operated steering column the turning of which causes the turning of the Pelce 4 S 6 A 786,055 input component 2 of a steering gear: in the arrangement shown the component 2 is in the form of a cylindrical cam which is engaged by a follower 3 on a rocker arm 4 secured to a rocker shaft 5 mounted in a housing 6 from which rises an enclosing casing 7 from which extends a tubular casing 71 housing the column 1 On the rocker shaft 5 externally of the housing 6 is It) a drop arm 8 coupled by a linkage to the parts to be controlled (e g the steering wheels of a road vehicle). Also fast with the shaft 5 is an arm 9 coupled by a link 10 to a power unit shown generally at 11 which through the link injects the power assistance into the linkage In the particular case shown the power unit comprises a double-acting ram 12 in a cylinder 13 pivoted at 14 and having pipe connections 15, 16 by which pressure fluid, usually a liquid such as oil, is supplied to and exhausted from the two sides of the ram. In order to provide a control for the power unit, the steering column 1 instead of being fast with the input component 2 (as in a manually operated steering mechanism) is arranged for limited relative rotation and this relative rotation is used to operate a control component to regulate the supply of pressure fluid to the power unit 11. In the arrangement shown the column 1 has near its lower end a pin 17 which enters inclined slots 18 formed in a tubular exten3, sion 19 of the input component 2 of the gear. This pin and slot device affords the operating connection between the column 1 and the component 2 The steering column 1 is provided above the extension 19 with a 4 o flange 20 extending between the adjacent ends of two preloaded coil springs 21, 22 co-axial with the column, one spring 21 abutting at its other end against a flange 23 on the extension 19 and the other spring 22 abutting at its other end against a reaction sleeve 24 fixed to the casing 7 of the unit.

These springs are respectively engaged by the collar 20 when it begins to move in one direction or the other from its neutral or central position, the springs then applying a restoring force in the appropriate direction. The flange 20 on the steering column is coupled, either directly or as shown through a lever 25 pivoted at 26, to a control valve indicated generally at 27 incorporated in a valve casing 28, this casing is formed to be secured to the box or casing 6 of the gear to which casing is also secured the lower end of the casing 7. The parts are normally in a central position: when however the operator turns the operating component or column 1 with sufficient force to overcome the reaction of one or other spring 21, 22 (depending on the 6.5 direction of movement) axial movement of the column 1 is produced and this operates through the flange 20 and the lever 25 to operate the control valve to cause pressure fluid to be supplied to the cylinder 13 through one or other line 15, 16 and to connect the 70 other line to exhaust so that the ram 12 is displaced to inject power on the output side of the gear (i e to provide power assistance). The input member of the gear, i e the extension 19, is displaced through the gear (to 75 gether with the transmission itself) and this in its turn sets up a follow-up action returning the valve 27 to its neutral position when the operator ceases to apply sufficient force to move the column 1 against the return action 80 of the spring 21 or 22 The normal selfcentering action of the road wheels can operate through the gear on the conversion pin and slot device with the assistance of the power unit 85 The control valve can be of any convenient type, the action of the axial movement being adapted to the requirement of the particular type of valve to be used Thus, in the case where the valve is of the type having as 90 shown a reciprocating double-acting slide or bobbin 29, the flange 20 on the steering column 1 can engage a stem on the slide itself or as shown it can operate the stem through the lever 25 the outer end of which 95 is slotted to engage a pin 30 on the bobbin. The intermediate pivotal point 26 of the lever can be selected to give any required ratio between the movement of the flange on the steering column and the movement of 100 the valve. In order to provide for manual operation in the event of failure of the power action, the steering column 1 can be formed with a pin 31 which enters with clearance an opening 105 32 on the extension 19 of the input component 2 of the gear, the clearance being such as to allow the amount of relative movement required to control the power unit but to be taken up and provide a solid transmission if 110 the power control fails.

The power unit would be coupled by flexible pipes to the casing 28 of the control valve: the power output of the power unit can be applied to the mechanism including 115 the transmission at any convenient point on the output side of the gear, although as is shown it is most convenient to connect the moving part of the unit to the arm 9. In the modification shown in Figure 2 the 120 pin and inclined slot connection is replaced by a screw and nut connection, the screw indicated at 33 being secured to the lower end of the column 1 and the nut, indicated at 34, being secured to or constituting the 125 extension 19 of the input component 2 of the gear A device such as the pin 31 and opening 32 would again be employed to set a limit to the relative movement but preferably as is shown a stop 35 is provided to set 130) and wherein the steering column is acted upon by restoring springs tending to restore the column and the valve operating member controlled by it to a neutral position after displacement.

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* GB786056 (A)

Description: GB786056 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to electrical circuits employing staticelectrical switches

Description of GB786056 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE564292 (A) CH344126 (A) DE1030895 (B) FR1120981 (A) US2906890 (A) FR69829 (E) BE564292 (A) CH344126 (A) DE1030895 (B) FR1120981 (A) US2906890 (A) FR69829 (E) less

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

j:H 3 _ e& =_ rt\f R 7I St % _5 S PATENT SPECIFICATION 7865056 Invento 79:-ALEXANDER DOUGLAS ODELL and GEORGE IAN TURNER. KY 1 Date of filing Complete Specification: larch 11, 1955. Applictitiott Date: March 19, 1954 N Yo 8109 1154. (Patent of Addition to Vo 663,571, dated larch 4, 1949). -' Comnplete Specification Published: Yov 13,1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), C( 1 F: 2 E: 2 J). International Classification -GO 6 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. ERRATA Page 1, line 12, for "for'? read "of". Page 2, line 45, for "oft' read flrin'. Page 2, line 102, after "negative -1 insert 'going 1. Page 4, line 71, for "virtue" read "virture'. THE PAMNT OFFICE:, 17th January, 1958 rim storage of information which comprises a chain of interconnected transistors each of which is arranged to be bistable, having an on state and an off state, there being a single transistor in each stage of said chain, means for storing information on said chain as a pattern comprising any number, including one, of said transistors in the on state and any possible spacing of the transistors in the on state, a temporary storage circuit between each pair of consecutive transistors, means for applying a pulse train in common to all of said transistors, the commencement of each pulse of said train causing all the transistors not already in the off state to assume the off state and an electrical condition to be stored in the temporary storage circuit between each transistor whose state is changed and the next transistor in the chain, and the termination of each said pulse causing each transistor which is connected to a preceding transistor by a storage circuit in which an electrical condition is stored to assume its on state, whereby each said pulse has progressed the pattern of stored information one stage along said chain and in which lPrice 2 Pri Ul 4 S 4 DB 01944/i( io) /32 C 32 150 1/58 R register, also known as a

shifting register. according to the present invention. Figure 2 shows a modification to the circuit of Figure 1 whereby information can be inserted into the register at one of its intermediate stages. Each of the circuits described herein consists of a chain of point-contact transistors of the type which exhibit a current gain of greater than unity Such transistors are referred to as current gain transistors, and it is a characteristic feature of such devices that a single device can be used in such a way as to be bistable The bistable device has a high current or on state in which a relatively high collector current flows and a low current or off state in which a relatively low collector current flows. A single transistor connected so as to act as a bistable device is capable of use as a storage device for a single element of information expressed in a two-condition (mark and space, or one and zero) code In the circuits described herein, the transistors, of which there is one per stage of the register, are each capable of storing one element of the so PATENT SPECIFICATION 786,056 Inventors:-ALEXANDER DOUGLAS ODELL and GEORGE IAN TURNER. Date of filing Complete Sjpecification: March 11, 1955. X i 85 Application Date: March 19, 1954 No 8109/54. (Patent of Addition to No 663,574, dated March 4, 1949). Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), C( 1 F: 2 E: 2 X). International Clausilication-G 06 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Electrical Circuits Employing Static Electrical Switches. We, STNDARD TELEPIHONES AND CABLES LIMITED, a British Company, of Connaught House, 63 Aldwych, London, W O 2, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to electrical circuits employing transistors for the storage and/or the transmission of information, and is a Patent for Addition to our British Patent No 663,574. According to the present invention there is provided an electrical circuit for the storage of information which comprises a chain of interconnected transistors each of which is arranged to be bistable, having an on state and an off state, there being a single transistor in each stage of said chain, means for storing information on said chain as a pattern comprising any number, including one, of said transistors in the on state and any possible spacing of the

transistors in the on state, a temporary storage circuit between each pair of consecutive transistors, means for applying a pulse train in common to all of said transistors, the commencement of each pulse of said train causing all the transistors not already in the off state to assume the off state and an electrical condition to be stored in the temporary storage circuit between each transistor whose state is changed and the next transistor in the chain, and the termination of each said pulse causing each transistor which is connected to a preceding transistor by a storage circuit in which an electrical condition is stored to assume its on state, whereby each said pulse has progressed the pattern of stored information one stage along said chain, and in which lPrice A 71 Ul 4 S Cd each said storage circuit comprises a capacitor which is so connected to the collector of the first transistor of said pair that it charges when said first transistor assumes its off state in response to a pulse applied thereto, and a connection from said capacitor to the base of the second transistor of said pair such that when said capacitor is charged the base of the second transistor is at such a voltage that said second transistor assumes its on state when said pulse ends. The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, in which:- Figure 1 shows a pattern movement register, also known as a shifting register, according to the present invention. Figure 2 shows a modification to the circuit of Figure 1 whereby information can be inserted into the register at one of its intermediate stages. Each of the circuits described herein consists of a chain of point-contact transistors of the type which exhibit a current gain of greater than unity Such transistors are referred to as current gain transistors, and it is a characteristic feature of such devices that a single device can be uwed in such a way as to be bistable The bistable device has a high current or on state in which a relatively high collector current flows and a low current or off state in which a relatively low collector current flows. A single transistor connected so as to act as a bistable device is capable of use as a storage device for a single element of information expressed in a two-condition (mark and space, or one and zero) code In the circuits described herein, the transistors, of which there is one per stage of the register, are each capable of storing one element of the information to be stored Hence it is possible for any number, including one, of the transistors to be in the on state, and there can be any possible spacing of these transistors Hence information such as printing telegraph code characters or numbers expressed in binary notation can be stored.

The circuits to be described are each provided with pulse connections to all transistors whereby a single pulse applied to all transistors causes the stored information to be moved one stage along the chain of transistors On its leading edge the pulse causes all transistors which are in the on state to assume the off state, and on the trailing edge causes each transistor succeeding one which was on to assume its on state. Thus each pulse applied in common to all transistors shifts the information stored in the register one stage along the register. The circuit of Figure 1, as already mentioned, shows a pattern movement register, also known as a shifting register, having a single transistor per stage These transistors 23 are interconnected by circuits such as C 10 R 12 Gil C 12 G 13 between transistors XI and X 2, which function as delay circuits. It will be assumed that in the initial state XI is in the on state storing one or mark, and that X 2 is in the off state, storing zero or space The pulse input line, marked -P is normally held at 3 volts The base and collector of XI, which is in its high current or on state, are held at a potential slightly negative to that of the emitter due to the action of current gain The current flowing from the + 50 volts line through a resistor R 13 and into rectifier G 12 in its low resistance direction serves to maintain the base of X 2 at or near earth potential The collector of X 2 is held at or about 18 volts, neglecting any current flowing in the collector circuit in the absence of emitter current Any other transistor in the on state is in the same condition as XI while any one of the off state is in the same condition as X 2. A negative shifting or stepping pulse applied to the line P which is of sufficient width amplitude resets all transistors in the on state to their off state This happens on the leading edge of the pulse, when the emitter of a transistor such as XI in its on state is driven negative to the potential of the base This cuts off the current flowing in -55 XI and so there is no longer any voltage drop across R 11, which is the collector circuit load resistor of XI Hence the collector voltage of X 1 falls towards the voltage of the volt line, that is, it increases in a negative direction There is substantially no change in the voltage on the collectors of transistors such as X 2 and X 3, which are in their off state The negative going change in voltage at the collector of XI is applied via a coupling capacitor and a rectifier G 11 to a capacitor C 12, which is connected via a further rectifier G 13 to the base of X 2, C 12 therefore charges negatively to a voltage which will be less, i e a lower negative voltage, than that on the collector of XI 70 The various circuit parameters are such that when the pulse ends the voltage on the upper terminal of C 12

will be more negative than 3 volts, the normal condition of the emitters of the transistors When the 75 pulse ends, all transistors which, such as X 2, have their bases connected to a voltage more negative than 3 volts assume their on states Thus X 3 continues to be off as X 9 was off before the pulse occurred X 2 80 assumes its on state as XI was on before the pulse occurred, and XI assumes the same state as the preceding transistor (if any) before the pulse occurred. It is necessary now to state the purposes 85 of the other circuit components included in the circuit of Figure 1 The resistor R 12, connected from the junction of C 11 and Gl I to the 20 volts line, discharges Cll in the inter-pulse interval This discharge is ex 90 ponential towards 20 volts, but is arrested at the voltage on the right-hand end of G Il by "catching diode'" action of G 11 At this point it is worth mentioning that the negative pulse produced when XI is cut off 95 is applied to Cli and C 12 in series so both of these capacitors are charged thereby. Rectifier G 11, included in the charging circuit of C 12, isolates C 12 and the circuit of X 2 from any positive going changes of the 100 voltage of the collector of XI when the latter assumes its on state Thus a negativepulse which has been passed forward when a transistor in its on state is restored to its off state by a stepping pulse cannot be 105 neutralised by the early firing of the transistor from which that negative-going pulse came. This could otherwise occur when the stored pattern of information includes two or more adjacent transistors in the on state 110 The resistor R 13, with the rectifier G 12, which have already been mentioned stabilises the voltage on the base of X 2 Thus R 13 ensures that the base of X 2 will not be driven negative by such base-collector current as 115 may flow with zero emitter current, while G 12 ensures that the base will not be driven above (i e positive to) earth potential by current flowing in R 13 Finally the rectifier G 13 serves to isolate the capacitor C 12 120 from base-emitter conduction in the transistor X 2, and thus prevents transient currents due to the discharge of C 12 from flowing in the common emitter line. It will be noted that components in the 125 circuitry interconnecting XI and X 2 all have one as the first digit of their numbers, while those interconnecting X 2 and X 3 all have two as their first digit. The register shown in Figure 1 is set by 130 786,0567 transistor by a storage circuit in which an electrical condition is stored to assume its on state, whereby each said pulse has progressed the pattern of stored information one stage along said chain, and in which 70 each said storage circuit comprises a capacitor which is so connected to the collector of the first transistor of said pair that it charges

when said first transistor assumes its off state in response to a pulse applied thereto, 75 and a connection from said capacitor to the base of the second transistor of said pair such that when said capacitor is charged the base of the second transistor is at such a voltage that said second transistor assumes 80 its on state when said pulse ends. 2 An electrical circuit as claimed in

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* GB786057 (A)

Description: GB786057 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements relating to motor vehicles

Description of GB786057 (A)

I, JAMES CANON SEWARD, a British Subject, of 1 King's Road, Thame, Oxfordshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to motor vehicles, more particularly of the saloon type, and is intended for use when the car or other vehicle is used for attending point to point races and other functions of which a good view is desired. According to the invention a combined luggage carrier and roof seat construction for mounting on the roof of a motor vehicle comprises a framework, bars running in one direction of the framework and fixed therein for supporting luggage, and one or more roof seats incorporated in the framework as a permanent attachment thereto and

adapted to be folded down between the aforesaid bars when out of use so as not to project above the level thereof. The invention is illustrated by an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, in which:Figure 1 is a side elevation with the seats erected for use; Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a plan with two seats removed; and Figure 4 shows a detail on an enlarged scale. Referring to the drawing, a luggage carrier framework comprises crossbars A and longitudinal bars K Longitudinal bars P fixed to the framework serve to support luggage placed on the rack Crossbars Bare fitted to carry the seats and have hinged members L and hook members C welded to them Considering first a rear seat, side members E are hinged at L to the crossbar B, and side members 1 M are adapted to hook 786,057 into the members C The members E and 45 M are pivoted together at N to constitute the framework of a chair, to which a flexible seat F of canvas or plastic is attached in the manner of a deckohair A back frame G is hinged to the top of the member M and is 50 likewise provided with flexible material F to constitute the back. In Figures 1 and 2 the seat is shown erected for use In Figure 3 two seats have been removed to show some of the parts just 55 described When erecting the seat, the member MW is placed in the hook C and is held fast there by a thumb screw D as shown in Figure 4 When it is required to fold the seat, the thumb screw D is unscrewed, the 60 frame member M is taken out of the hook C and the frame members E pivoted down to a level below the main bars P of the luggage rack The back G also folds over on to the top of the members E and M 65 A second rear seat is arranged beside the one described, and front seats are arranged similarly to the back seats, except that the members M are hinged and the members E engaged in hooks similar to C of Figure 4 70 There may be more or less seats than four, depending on the size of the vehicle, but in any case the number to be provided should be commensurate with the strength of the roof 75

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* GB786058 (A)

Description: GB786058 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to oil burners

Description of GB786058 (A)

We, SIDNEY FLAVEL & Co, LIMITED, a British Company, of Eagle Foundry, Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the follow- ing statement:: - This invention relates to oil burners and has for its main object to provide an improved form of oil burner for heating water boilers particularly of the kind suitable for domestic purposes. According to this invention there is provided an oil burner comprising a hollow vessel for burning vaporised oil and a pilot burner disposed within such vessel, means being provided whereby the whole of the oil supplied passes into the interior of the pilot burner and is vaporised therein unless or until the supply satisfies or exceeds the requirements of the pilot burner in which circumstances the oil extends over or overspills onto the floor of the main burner vessel. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided an oil burner comprising a hollow vessel for burning vaporised oil and a pilot burner disposed within such vessel, and wherein the whole of the oil supplied is fed into the main burner vessel, the said vessel being so constructed that all such oil passes therefrom into the pilot burner, unless or until the supply satisfies the requirements of the pilot burner. According to the preferred arrangement, the base or floor of the aforesaid oil vessel is of dished or recessed formation, and the pilot burner which also comprises a hollow vessel for burning vaporised oil, is disposed substantially centrally within the main vessel so as to seat in the dished or recessed part of its base or floor, the walls of the pilot lPrice 3 s 6 d 1 burner being perforated or apertured at or near their base whereby oil fed into the pilot burner at a low rate is vaporised and burnt within the pilot vessel, whereas oil supplied in excess of the requirements of the pilot burner is adapted to flood on to the floor of the main burner vessel and to be vaporised therein. Preferably, the oil is supplied to the burner through a valve

thermostatically controlled by the water heated by the burner, such valve being so arranged as to close sufficiently to restrict the flow of oil to a rate sufficient to operate the pilot burner only when the temperature of the water reaches a predetermined high limit, and to open sufficiently to allow a sufficient flow of oil to operate the main burner as well as the pilot burner when the temperature of the water falls to a predetermined low limit The invention will be more completely understood from the following detailed description which is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which Figures 1 and 2 are plan and sectional elevational views respectively ofan oil burner which is constructed in accordance with this invention, and which is suitable for application to a domestic water boiler. Referring now to 'the drawing the oil burner is constructed in the form of a hollow vessel 1 of substantially cylindrical form so as to fit into the base of an upright tubular space formed in the centre of a boiler This burner vessel has perforated side walls as shown at 2 so that oil supplied to the floor of the vessel and ignited will be vaporised and burnt within the vessel, the necessary air for combustion being supplied through the perforated side walls The floor 3 of the vessel, however, instead of being flat is slightly dished or recessed and in the centre of such floor we provide a pilot 736,058 PATENT SPECFICATION Inventor: -HENRY ALFRED PALMER. Date of filing Complete Specification: Oct 15, 1954. Application Date: i Varch 26, 1954 No 8874154. Complete Specification Publis 1 ed: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 75 ( 1), TA( 8: 11), TG 20. International Classification:-F 23 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Oil Burners. burner which also takes the form of a hollow vessel 4 and is somewhat similar in form to the main burner but is of frusto-conical shape and considerably smaller, in botl o height and cross section, than the main burner This pilot burner which also has perforated side walls is so arranged as to seat within the central Dart of the recessed or dished floor of the main burner and is held in place by an upright central stabiliser tube 5 which is mounted in the centre of the base 3 of the burner 1 and carries a small perforated shell 6 which is connected to the walls 4 of the pilot burner by three outwardly extending radial arms 7 The lower end of this stabiliser tube 5 extends through or is connected with a central opening in the floor of the main burner 1 so that air may reach the interior of the pilot burner through the stabiliser tube and the small perforated shell 6 Oil is supplied from a reservoir or other source of supply through a control valve and an inlet connection 8 into a pipe 9 which leads into

the interior of the pilot burner 4, this ripe 9 having a branch outlet 10 fitted with a flexible rod 11 for cleaning purposes, and in order to facilitate the operation of igniting the burner, the side wall 1 of the main burner 2 ai vessel is provided with an outlet 12 fitted with a lighter tube 13 which extends through the wall of the boiler and is normally closed by a suitable plug 14 The upper end of the main burner vessel 1 is provided with a flanged extension 15 by means of which it may be secured to the boiler and thus located in position, while above this flanged extension a flame restrictor may be provided comprising a domed cover member apertured in the centre and supported at its periphery by a set of legs or like members carried on the upper side of the flanged extension The base of the flanged extension 15 is supported from the top of the burner 1 by a set of distance pieces 17 so as to provide an annular shaped space 16 by means of which a secondary supply of air may be introduced into the top of the burner. The valve controlling the oil supply is a Q operatively connected by any suitable means with a thermostat device disposed within the boiler or water jacket surrounding the central tubular space in which the burner is housed, so that the degree of opening of the valve may be automatically controlled according to the temperature of the water in the boiler. In operation when the boiler is cold and the controlling valve is open, oil is supplied 6 i O to the pilot burner 4 and as soon as a sufficient amount has been fed into the base of the burner, for example so as to cover the floor either of the pilot burner only or of the pilot and main burners, lighting is effected by inserting and igniting a small ball of paper or other combustible material in the lighter tube 13 and then closing the tube 13 by inserting the plug 14 After a brief delay, the oil is vaporised and ignites thereby supplying a small flame to the pilot 7, O burner 4 which will then continue to burn vaporised oil as long as a restricted amount of oil is supplied If, however, the control valve is now opened to its fullest extent, the oil supplied will be more than the pilot 75 burner can take with the result that it will overspill through the perforated walls of the pilot burner and will flood out over the floor of the main burner vessel where it will vaporise and extend the flame throughout 80 the main burner vessel up to the flame restrictor This will then continue until the water in the boiler reaches a predetermined high temperature when the thermostat will operate and cause the control valve to reduce 85. the oil supply to a rate just sufficient to feed the pilot burner with the result that the flame will reduce itself until it is confined to the pilot burner which will then continue in operation without the main burner until 90 the water in the boiler reaches a Dredetermined

low value when the thermostat will again operate and open the control valve to restart the main burner into operation If desired, the air supply to the burner may 95 be controlled by a draught regulator of any suitable form disposed at the base of the boiler casing, such draught regulator being controlled by the temperature of the water in any suitable manner so as to be adjusted in 100 position automatically. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not to be regarded as being in any way limited to the particular constructional arrangements which are here 105 inbefore described and which are given purely by way of examnle Thus the shaping of the floor of the main burner may be varied in different types or sizes of boiler, and in sime cases the floor 110 may be domed instead of recessed and the pilot burner placed in the centre of the dome so that when the pilot burner is supplied with oil to a predetermined de Dth, a further supply will flood out into the peripheral part 115 of the main burner floor so that vaporisation takes place in the form of a ring or annulus close to the walls of the burner. In another modification, when the main burner floor is of recessed formation, the oil 1 i 20 supplied may be fed to the floor of the main burner instead of direct to the pilot burner, the walls of the pilot burner being suitably apertured to allow the ingress of oil from the floor of the main burner which will thus 125 retain the oil only when it is supplied at a sufficient rate as to extend beyond the walls of the pilot burner. In another modification, a further or auxiliary pilot burner may be arranged 130 786,058 of the preceding claims wherein the main burner vessel is an upright cylindrical shaped vessel having perforated side walls and wherein the pilot burner con 1 Drises an upright frusto-conical shaped vessel 70 co-axially mounted with respect to the main burner vessel. 9 An oil burner according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the main burner vessel is an upright cylindrical shaped 75 vessel having perforated side walls, and wherein the pilot burner comprises an upright frusto-conical shaped vessel coaxially mounted with respect to the main burner vessel, the pilot burner also having perfor 80 ated side walls and being provided with means whereby air may be supplied to its interior.

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