5461 5465.output

* GB785869 (A)

Description: GB785869 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to biocidal compositions

Description of GB785869 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE547357 (A) DE1004856 (B) FR1148240 (A) NL87356 (C) BE547357 (A) DE1004856 (B) FR1148240 (A) NL87356 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION "Improvements in or relating to biocidal compositions" We, N. V. DE BATAAFSCHE PETROLEUM MAATSCHAPPIJ, a company organised under the laws of The Netherlands, of 30 Carel van Bylandtlaan, The Hague, The Netherlands, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement :- It is known that pentachlorophenol possesses biocidal properties. The compound is widely used, for instance, as a weed-killer. Hitherto it has been found difficult to obtain stable concentrates containing 10% by weight or more of pentachlorophenol which satisfied the requirements of good dilutability in hard water, spontaneous emulsifiability, good solubility of the emulsifier and good storage stability even when stored for relatively long periods under abnormal conditions.

The present invention provides compositions which satisfy these requirements. The compositions according to the invention contain pentachlorophenol in a concentration of preferably at least 10% by weight, a hydrocarbon base oil, containing aromatic hydrocarbons, one or more lower alcohols, a coupling agent which is an alcohol or ketone containing 5 to 9 carbon atoms in the molecule, or a mixture thereof, and an emulsifier of the group of the poly-oxy-ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, preferably oleates, and most preferably trioleates. By lower alcohol is meant here an alcohol containing not more than 4 carbon atoms in the molecule. Ethanol or isopropanol is particularly suitable. The hydrocarbon base oil used is preferably an oil with an aromatic content of at least 50 per cent by weight. Surprisingly, it has been found that the use of mesityl oxide as a coupling agent increases the storage stability and the spontaneous emulsifiability of the concentrate to a considerable extent. In this respect it is far superior to alcohols and other ketones as a coupling agent. The use of an emulsifier of the sorbitan type is found to be necessary. With the use of another type of emulsifier the resultant compositions do not satisfy all the requirements which are stated above to be desirable. The proportions of the components present in the compositions of the invention may vary within certain limits. Thus, pentachlorphenel may be present in an amount up to 30% by weight, but in general 20% by weight should not be exceeded. It is, of course, possible to incor- porate less than 10% by weight of pentachlorophenol in the composition, but the importance of the present invention lies in the fact that it enables more highly concentrated pentachorophenol compositions to be prepared which satisfy all the requirements mentioned above. Even compositions of the invention containing less than 10% by weight of pentachlorophenol, however, satisfy these requirements, particularly in regard to spontaneous emulsifiability in water. The amount of lower alcohol present lies between 1 and 15 per cent by weight, preteral) ty between 3 and 7 per cent by weight. The coupling agent must be present in an amount of 3 to 20 per cent by weight, preferably 5 to 12 per cent by weight. The emulsifier must be present in an amount of 3 to 20 per cent by weight, preferably 7 to 9 per cent by weight. The composition is made up to 100 per cent bv weight with the hydrocarbon base oil. The average hydrocarbon oil content in the compositions of the invention will therefore be about 60 per cent by

weight. In general it may be said that as the pentachlorophenol content increases, the contents of lower alcohol, coupling agent and emulsifier must also increase in order to obtain a composition which completely satisfies the requirements made. Although the compositions according to the invention may be obtained by any method of preparation known to those skilled in the art, a preferred method is as follows: The pentachlorophenol is dissolved in the mixture of lower alcohol and coupling agent without supplying heat. This is a considerable technical advantage. When all the pentachlorophenol has dissolved, the desired quantities of emulsifier and-hydrocarbon base oil are then added, whereupon the product is ready. The concentrated compositions of the invention are diluted with water for use. According to usual practice, this is carried out shortly before use, and with water available locally. It is possible to dilute the concentrates with any kind of water, even with a hardness of 50 D. H. By the addition of a relatively large volume of water, it is possible to prepare compositions which are suitable for application by the high-volume spraying technique (approximately 0.33 per cent by weight pentachlorophenol concentration) or, by the addition of a relatively small volume of water, to prepare compositions suitable for application by the low-volume spraying technique (approximately 3.3 per cent by weight pentachlorophenol concentration). This is a special aspect of the positions of the invention, since hitherto it has not been feasible to prepare pentachlorophenol concentrates which could be made suitable for both the high-volume and the low-volume spraying method, without the use of powerful mechanical stirrers which are not available on many farms. Concentrates containing mesityl oxide as coupling agent are surprisingly satisfactory in this respect, spontaneous emulsification occurring and little or no stirring being required. Similar results are obtained with compositions which have been stored for long periods, for instance some months, even under unfavourable conditions, e. g. marked fluctuations in temperature. The following examples illustrate the compositions of the invention and the method by which they may be prepared. EXAMPLE1 10 Parts by weight of pentachlorophenol were dissolved while stirring in a cold mixture of 7 parts by weight of mesityl oxide and 3.5 parts by weight of ethanol. 8 Parts by weight of an emulsifier known in the trade by the name of Sorbitan TO-SSe and 71.5 parts by weight of light, catalytically cracked cycle oil (aromatic hydrocarbon content

55%) were then added to the solution. The composition was stored for 4 months at varying temperatures. A portion of the concentrate was then diluted with a sufficient quantity of water of 50 D. H. hardness for the composition to contain the pentachlorophenol in a concentration of approximately 0.5 % by weight. Another portion was diluted to 3. 3% by weight of pentachlorophenol. Upon dilution, both compositions gave homogeneous stable emulsions which during spraying did not settle in the storage tank of the spraying equipment and moreover did not block the fine spray nozzles. EXAMPLE 2 In substantially the same way as described in Example I, a composition was prepared which contained the following constituents: 25 parts by weight pentachlorophenol 11 ,, Sorbitan-TO-55e 6.,isopropyi alcohol 10 mesityl oxide 48 ouf a hydrocarbon mix ture containing 60% by weight of aromatics. The resultant composition was found to possess all the requirements hereinbefore described. What we claim is :- 1. A concentrated biocidal composition comprising up to 30 per cent by weight of pentachlorophenol, 1 to 15 per cent by weight of an aliphatic alcohol containing not more than 4 carbon atoms in the molecule, 3 to 20 per cent by weight of a coupling agent which is an alcohol or ketone containing 5 to 9 carbon atoms in the molecule, or a mixture thereof, 3 to 20 per cent by weight of an emulsifier of the group of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and a hydrocarbon base oil containing aromatic hydrocarbons.

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* GB785870 (A)

Description: GB785870 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Tube turner for plug mills



US2892366 (A) US2892366 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION t Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 23, 1956. 4 9) No 159251 56. Application made in United States of America on June 9, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 83 ( 4), M( 7 X: 9 K: 1 OX: HG: 14 C). International Classification:-B 21 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Tube Turner for Plug Mills We, THE AETNA-STANDARD ENGINEERING COMPANY, a Corporation organised under the laws of the State of Ohio, United States of America, of Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is, to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of seamless tubing and more particularly to apparatus for turning tubes about their own axis in a plug mill. Plug mills are used extensively in the manufacture of seamless tubing and comprise a two-high roll stand having grooved working rolls for rolling the tubing; a mandrel bar for supportnig a mandrel or plug in the pass of the working rolls; a pair of stripping rolls, which are grooved to correspond to the working rolls, for removing the tube from

the mandrel; a receiving table embodying a trough for supporting a tube on the entering side of the rolls, and a pusher for pushing the tube into the roll pass In the conventional operation of a plug mill, a reheated pierced billet is deposited in the trough of the receiving table, the pusher shoves the billet into the pass of the working rolls over the mandrel, and the revolving work rolls draw the tube rapidly over the mandrel reducing the diameter and wall thickness of the tube and elongating it As soon as the tube has passed through the working rolls, the mandrel is removed from the mandrel rod, the working rolls are separated, and the stripper rolls are engaged with the tube and move the tube rapidly inr dhe opposite direction off of the mandrel rod through the space between the working rolls and into the trough of the receiving table. The grooves in the working rolls are not semi-circular but are flared or oval in order to prevent the edges of the grooves from damaging the tube as it passes through the li work rolls Accordingly, after the first pass through the mill the tube is slightly oval with its major axis in a horizontal plane and with greater wall thickness in the regions at the 50 ends of major axis than in the regions at the ends of the minor axis; it is therefore necessary to rotate the tube 900 about its longitudinal axis and pass it through the plug mill again in order to make it approximately 55 round and with a substantially uniform wall thickness throughout. Accordingly, in ordinary practice, after the tube has been subjected to the first pass through the mill, an operator grasps the tube 60 with a pair of tongs and rotates it through approximately 90 Then the pusher is actuated to push the tube into the roll pass again and the rolling and stripping cycle is repeated The tube, which is still at a bright 65 red heat, is then discharged from the receiving table and progressed to further operations. The operator who has the task of rotating the tube after the first pass through the mill 70 must work between the working roll stand and the end of the receiving table, a location that is extremely hot and not without hazard. The conditions under which the operator must work are so severe that ordinarily an 75 operator is expected to work only 15 minutes out of each hour and it is therefore necessary to have four men just to rotate the tubes between the first and second passes through the plug mill 80 The object of the present invention is to provide an effective mechanism for grasping and turning the tube as it rests in the trough of the receiving table between passes through the plug mill In the preferred form of mv 85 invention this object is carried out by providing a pair of grippers or tongs which are actuated to grasp the tube upon its being returned to the receiving table, are then rotated

substantially about the axis of the tube to 90 rotate the tube through approximately 900, and are then released from the tube so that the tube can be repassed through the mill. The invention may be said to consist in the combination with a plug mill and a receiving table for supporting a tube, of power operated means for grasping a tube carried by said receiving table, and means for operating said tube grasping means to rotate the tube substantially about its own axis. A preferred form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a receiving table embodynig my invention showing the associated plug mill in vertical section. Figure 2 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a transverse sectional view illustrating the tube turning mechanism, the section being on an enlarged scale and taken as indicated by lines 3-3 of Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 is a sectional detail on an enlarged scale taken as indicated by line 4-4 of Figure 3. Figure 5 is a sectional detail illustrating the cylinder for actuating the gripping tongs and taken as indicated by line 5-5 of Figure 3. Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 3 but on a larger scale and with some of the parts broken away. Figure 7 is a plan view of the tube turning mechanism shown in Figure 3, and Figure 8 is a sectional detail taken as indicated by line 8-8 of Figure 3. Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, the invention is illustrated as it may be adapted for use with a plug mill indicated in general at 10 and having upper and lower working rolls 11 and 12 mounted in roll stand 13 Immediately behind the working rolls 11 and 12 are stripper rolls 14 and 15 which are mounted in a suitable roll stand 16 As shown best in Figure 2, the working rolls 11 and 12 are conventionally provided with a plurality of slightly oval grooves 18, so that the mill can roll tubes of different diameters, and the stripper rolls are also grooved, as indicated at 19 in Figure 1, to correspond with the main rolls A water cooled mandrel bar 21 is supported to project between the rolls and support a mandrel or plug 22 in the pass of tfie working rolls 11 and 12. As indicated by the arrows, Figure 1, the working rolls are driven so as to draw the tube over the mandrel and bar and the stripper rolls are driven in the opposite direction so as to return the tube to the working table The apparatus is so arranged that only one pair of rolls may be in contact with the tube at any given time. Work pieces are supplied to the working rolls and received from the stripping rolls by a receiving table indicated generally at 24.

The table 24 includes a trough 25 for guiding the tube and a pusher 26 actuated by a fluid pressure cylinder mechanism 27 for pushing the tube into the pass of the working rolls The trough preferably is made up of a plurality of sections of longitudinally 70 extending strips 28 The entire receiving table is supported upon a framework of longitudinally extending beams 29 a, 29 b, 29 c and 29 d (Figure 3), the lower pair of which are supported on pairs of longitudin 75 ally spaced wheels 30 (only one pair being shown in the drawing) which run on transverse rails 30 a Positioning mechanism 31 moves the table on the rails so that the trough 25 may be aligned selectively with 80 any of the grooves 18 of the working rolls. In order to supply tubes to the mill, a plurality of skids 32 are secured to and extend outwardly from one side of the receiving table The skids are adapted to receive 85 the hot tubes which are brought to the receiving table for working in the mill A plurality of stops 33, downwardly rotatable by shaft 34, are disposed along the table on the same side as the skids 32 and control the 90 entry of the tubes, by gravity feed, into the trough 25 Fluid pressure cylinder 35 actuates shaft 34 A plurality of discharge arms 36, upwardly rotatable by the shaft 37, are disposed along the other side of the receiv 95 ing table The arms 36 normally underlie the trough 25 between the sections 28 and are adapted to lift the tubes out of the trough and discharge them from the table and mill after they have been worked The 100 shaft 37 and arms 36 are actuated by fluid pressure cylinder 38. All of the elements heretofore described may be of conventional construction and per se form no part of the present invention 105 In the conventional operation of a plug mill constructed or described above, a hot tube is brought to the mill and deposited upon the skids 32 where it remains, resting against the stops 33, until the same are 110 rotated downwardly to permit the tube to roll into the trough 25 The tube is then pushed into the pass of the working rolls, which are in working position, and is drawn over the mandrel by the rolls, the working 115 rolls are then separated and the stripper rolls engaged with the tube to return it to the table An operator stationed between the working rolls and the end of the receiving table then grasps the tube with tongs 120 and rotates it about 90 ; thereafter, it is again passed through the mill and returned to the trough The cylinder 38 is then actuated to rotate the arms 36 upwardly and discharge the tube from the table 125 According to the present invention, a mechanism is incorporated in the apparatus for rotating the tubes about their own axis for approximately 90 ' between successive passes through the working rolls 11 and 12 130 785,870 ing openings 73 a therein The wheels or rollers 65 are retained between and roll or travel upon the oppositely disposed surfaces 74 of the flange members 69 and 70, and

75 of the inner track members 71 and 72 70 A plurality of arcuately spaced supports 76 and 77 support the inner track members 71 and 72 and the adjacent webs 67 and 68 respectively in proper spaced relation The spaces between the supports, and the open 75 ings 73 a permit the discharge of scale and dirt that might otherwise accumulate inside of the box-like track structure Plates 80 at the ends of the track, vertical plates 82 and plates 83 form rigid channel structures 80 at each end of the track Plates 80 and 82 are for stiffening the structure The travel of the trolley is limited by the stroke of the cylinder 92 The track 66 is conveniently of welded construction as indicated The 85 plates 83 are welded to the webs 67 and 68 and are bolted to the upper flanges of beams 29 a and 29 b to support the track. In order to provide for movement of the carriage along the track, a pin 84 (see Fig 90 ures 6,7 and 8) is secured to the frame members 85 of the carriage 54 and projects beyond the carriage on either side thereof. Connecting rods 86 are pivotally secured to the ends of pin 84 and these, in turn, are 95 pivotally connected to lever arms 87 mounted on shaft 88 Shaft 88 is supported in a suitable bracket 89 on the entry side of the delivery table and is rotated by a crank arm which is actuated by the piston rod 91 of 100 a double acting fluid pressure cylinder and piston 92 mounted in trunnions 93 on bracket 89 Movement of the piston out of the cylinder causes the connecting rods 86 to pull the carriage 54 along the tracks 66 105 from the position shown in full lines in Figure 6 to the position shown in broken lines in Figure 6 The carriage and the gripper jaws are thus rotated substantially 90 about an axis disposed within the trough 25 and 110 substantially coincident with the axis of the tube, and a tube engaged by the gripper jaws is likewise rotated substantially 90 %, or one quarter turn. The operation of a plug mill embodying a 115 preferred form of my invention is substantially the same as that described above except for the tube turning mechanisms The cylinder 58 is actuated to open or separate the jaws 49 and 50 and keep them open 120 when the tube is delivered to the trough 25 from the skids 32 and when the tube is returned to the trough after a pass through the mill After the first pass is completed and the tube has been returned to the re 125 ceiving table, the cylinder 58 is actuated to move the arms 47 and 48 toward each other and cause the jaws 49 and 50 to gorip the tube With the tube thus gripped, the cylinder 92 is actuated to move the carriage 54 130 The apparatus for turning the tubes is i preferably disposed near the end of the re j ceiving table adjacent the mill rolls and is 1 indicated in general at 45 As shown particularly in Figures 3 and 6,

the tube turning apparatus comprises a pair of tongs or grippers for grasping the tube, which are mounted on a carriage, and means to move the carriage along an arcuate track and thereby turn the tube. More particularly, the preferred embodiment of my invention comprises a pair of gripper arms 47 and 48 having opposed gripper jaws 49 and 50 which are adapted to engage and grasp a tube lying in the trough The ends of the arms 47 and 48 remote from the jaws are pivotally supported as at 51 and 52 in a carriage 54 and are also geared together as by teeth 55 and 56 so that the jaws 49 and 50 are constrained to rotate about the pivots 51 and 52 in equal angular amounts and in opposite directions. The jaws are moved toward and away from each other or into and out of engagement with tube by means of a double acting fluid pressure cylinder and piston mechanism which is mounted between the arms 47 and 48, see Figures 3, 5, and 6 The cylinder 58 is mounted on arm 47 by means of trunnions 59 and the piston rod 60 is secured to arm 48 by wrist pin 61 Fluid under pressure is supplied to the cylinder through appropriate conduits and the arrangement is such that admission of fluids on the side of the piston nearer the arm 48 will force the piston further into the cylinder and will move the arms 47 and 48 and jaws 49 and toward each other about the pivots 51 and 52 so as to cause the jaws to grasp and clamp the tube, whereas admission of fluid on the other side of the piston will push the piston further out of the cylinder and move the arms and jaws apart, releasing the tube. Preferably, the jaws 49 and 50 are detachable from the arms 47 and 48 so that jaws of appropriate size for the tubes being worked may be used. The carriage 54 provides, means for rotating or turning the tube 90 about its own axis once it has been grasped by the jaws. To this end wheels or rollers 65 are provided at both ends of the carriage 54 and an arcuate track indicated generally at 66 on which the wheels 65 operate The track 66 is supported by the table frame members 29 a and 29 b and preferably has its center coincident with the axis of an average sized tube, as determined by the capacity of the mill, lying in the trough 25. As shown particularly in Figures 4 and 8, the track preferably comprises vertical outer arcuate webs 67 and 68 which support arcu. ate flange members 69 and 70, and innei vertical track members 71 and 72 which in turn are secured to an arcuate plate 73 hav785,870 along the track through 90 degrees of arc thereby rotating the tube in the manner hereinbefore described The cylinder 58 is then actuated to separate the jaws and release the tube, whereupon the tube is again passed through the rolls and returned to the receiving table for discharge therefrom.

As it normally does not matter whether a tube is rotated 9 Q O to the left or right, between successive passes through the mill, the carriage may be kept in its new position until after the next tube has completed its first pass through the mill and the apparatus is then actuated to turn the next tube in the opposite direction However, if it is desired to rotate each tube in the same direction, the carriage may be returned to its initial position each time a turn is completed.


* GB785871 (A)

Description: GB785871 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improved device for regulating the height of the feed table in wood-workingmachines



FR1143895 (A) FR1143895 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 7852 71 f Date of application and filing Complete Specification: May 29, 1956. No 16624156. \ R /, Application made in France on Feb29, 1956. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Class 145, 03 K. International Classification:-B 27 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Device for Regulating the Height of the Feed Table in Wood-Working Machines We, ETABLISSEMENTS GUILLIET, COMMERGNAT-GUILLIET ET CIE, a French Body Corporate, of 2, Boulevard Magenta, Paris, France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - In order to, determine the depth of the cut in numerous wood-working machines, and particularly in planing machines and tryingup machines, it is necessary to regulate with precision the height of the table feeding the work to the action of the tools. For this purpose, the feed table is normally mounted on four parallel links articulated to the frame of the machine According to known arrangements, the height of the table is regulated either by means of a lever connected to one of the links and associated with a second lever adapted to be able to lock the table in the selected position, or by means of a helical wheel rigidly connected to one of the links and in mesh with a worm actuated by a hand-wheel. The first of these devices makes it necessary to operate the two levers simultaneously and requires a considerable effort, particularly when the table is in a low position, in such a manner that it is, very difficult to ensure precision in the regulation As for the second device, it is relatively expensive and its very slow operation leads to considerable losses of time. It is the object of the present invention to remedy this situation and for this purpose it provides a device by means of which the height of the table is regulated with speed and precision, by means of a single control lever and with a moderate amount of effort. This device comprises, in combination, a counterbalance system for the feed table and an operating lever connected to one of the supporting links for the table and urged by a spring so as to be locked by friction against a fixed surface on the frame of the machine. lPrice 3 s 6 d l One embodiment of the device according to the invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which: 50 Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a tryingup

machine equipped with the device, Figure 2 is a plan view of the trying-up machine, Figures 3 and 4 are views on a larger scale, 55 respectively in elevation and plan of the device, Figure 5 is a detail view showing an essential member of the device. Figures 1 and 2 show all the component 60 parts of an ordinary trying-up machine, thus the frame of the machine is shown at 10, containing a motor 11 actuating a horizontal tool-carrier 12, on each side of which are disposed a delivery table 13 and a feed table 14 65 on which are placed the workpieces to be subjected to the action of the tools. The depth of the "cut" that is to say the thickness of material removed from the work at a time by the tools, obviously de 70 pends on the position in height of the feed table 14 Thus said table is rendered movable and rests on four links 15, 16, 17 and 18, which are parallel and are articulated to the frame 10 of the machine The links 15 and 75 16 are connected by a robust hub 19 which joins them together rigidly and which is mounted on a horizontal pivot 21 supported by the frame Similarly, the links 17 and 18 are connected by a hub 22, mounted on a 80 horizontal pivot 23, supported by the frame. It will be understood that as a result of this arrangement, which, incidentally, is known, it is sufficient to cause one of the four links to turn, for the feed table 14 to execute a 85 movement of translation which leaves it constantly horizontal but causes its position in height to vary. As long as the links are in a substantially vertical direction, as, in Figure 1, the pivoting 90 couple engendered by the weight of the table is weak, but for directions of the links approaching the horizontal, this couple is considerable because the table is always a very heavy member Such a couple is obviously liable to hamper the satisfactory execution of the height-regulating operations Therefore the invention first provides a counterbalancing system for the table, automatically compensating for the variations in the pivoting couple of the links This system comprises an arm 24, rigidly connected to the link 16 and extending bevond the pivot 21: at the end of the arm 24 there is articulated a fork 25, to which is attached a strong spring 26 which is also connected to a fixed point on the frame, for example the pivot 23 The connection between the spring 26 and the pivot 23 is effected by a rod, preferably of variable length, for this purpose said rod comprises two members 27 and 28 threaded in opposite directions to one another and engaged in a sleeve 29 comprising two oppositely threaded tappings. It will easily be understood, that by causing the sleeve 29 to turn, the two threaded members 27 and 28 are moved closer together or further apart, and the initial tension of the spring 26 can be varied

at will. This tension increases as the link pivots and moves closer towards the horizontal, so that the variations in the couple mentioned above are substantially compensated, for all the displacements in height of the table 14. The actual device for regulating the height of the table consists, according to the invention, of an arm 31 fixed by screws 32 to the link 17 This arm, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the link comprises, as shown in particular in Figure 5, a catch 33 intended to rest permanently against the outer surface of a robust segment 34, fixed to the frame by bolts such as 35. In a hole 36, perpendicular in direction to the pivot 23, the arm 31 receives a pivot 37 for the articulation of a control lever 38 carrying on the one end an operating handle 39 and on the other end a shoulder 40 which is constantly repelled by a spring 41 resting against a cup 42 fixed to the arm 31. Between the shoulder 40 and the pivot 37, the lever 38 comprises a transverse bolt 43, immobilized by a lock-nut 44 and adapted to rest against the internal surface of the segment 34, under the action of the spring 41. Since the bolt 43 is closer to the pivot 37 than the spring 41, and the pressure of the bolt 43 on the segment 34 is equal to the compression of the spring 41 multiplied by the ratio of the distances from the pivot, it will be seen that said pressure can easily be made considerable and then ensures true locking by friction The height-regulating device thus described is used as follows: assuming that the members are in the position shown in Figure 1 and that the operator wishes, to lower the table 14, he grasps the handle 39 of the control lever 38 and pulls said lever towards him in such a manner as to cause the lever 38 to pivot and to move the bolt 43 away from 70 the segment 34 against the action of the spring 41 Since the handle 39 constitutes a large lever arm, the operator only has to exert a moderate effort. Since, for the time being, the locking due 75 to the bolt 43 is released, the operator can easily lower the lever 38 and tne arm 31, which causes the pivoting of the link 17 and consequently the lowering of the feed table 14 When the desired position of the table 80 has been reached, the orerator allows the lever 38 to return to its place under the action of the spring 41, which permits the bolt 43 to lock the lever, and consequently the table, in the selected position As the 85 table is counterbalanced, in all Positions, by the members 24 to 29, the operation of the lever 38 only requires a moderate effort and permits the maximum precision Moreover, the friction exerted by the bolt 43 is amply 90 sufficient to ensure absolute immobilisation.

Corresponding to each position of the table there is obviously a given position of the catch 33 in relation to the segment 34; it is therefore easy to provide on said segment 95 a reference scale, such as 45, graduated, for example, in millimetres, for the lowering of the table in relation to the position of maximum height. According to the example illustrated, the 100 extent of the scale 45 is thirteen millimetres, and this figure indicates the maximum depth of "cut" which can be obtained with this machine. It is understood that the invention is not 105 limited to the embodiment just described and that modifications in detail may always be made to the construction of the device, without going outside the general scope of said invention as a result 110


* GB785872 (A)

Description: GB785872 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Methods of making prescreened photographic sensitive materials



BE549054 (A) FR1158163 (A) US2805157 (A) BE549054 (A) FR1158163 (A) US2805157 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip


The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data

and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT -SPECIFICATION 7859872 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 6, 1956. No 17416156. Application made in United States of America on July 1, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 98 ( 2), M. International Classification:-GO 3 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Methods of making 'Prescreened Photographic Sensitive Materials We, KODAK LIMITED, a Company registered under the laws of Great Britain, of Kodak House, Kingsway, London, W C 2. (Assignee of Rici ARD EDWIN MAURER), do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to methods of making prescreened photographic sensitive materials; that is, photographic materials which can be processed directly to a halftone image after exposure to a continuous tone image Prescreened photographic materials of the variable sensitivity type are described in Specifications Nos 694,848 and 699,659. The method of the present invention gives a prescreened material which has two different silver halides distributed throughout the material to provide the different degrees of sensitivity required for this type of prescreen ing Ordinary silver halide as used in photographic film or paper has a high sensitivity produced by known techniques in preparation, which may include suitable treatment of the gelatin or other vehicle, suitable aging and possibly optical sensitizing hypersensitizing Silver halide produced by rehalogenizing developed silver in photographic film or paper has, on the other hand, low sensitivity The present invention takes advantage of these facts by providing a method of prescreening a silver halide emulsion layer of substantially uniform thickness, which comprises exposing the layer through a halftone screen, developing the exposed parts to metallic silver such metallic silver being thereby distributed in accordance with a halftone pattern among the undeveloped silver halide, and then rehalogenizing the developed silver to silver halide of lower sensitivity than that of the undeveloped silver halide Such undeveloped silver halide may conveniently be termed "original silver

halide". lPrice 34 S 6 d The prescreened material of the present invention has an exceptionally long scale or range, has good keeping qualities (so-called good "shelf life") and is substantially free 50 from so-called "reciprocity" effects. The method of the present invention is applicable to all types of emulsions, but certain types are preferred, because of their other properties For example, one may de 55 sire a high contrast prescreened material, in which case, one selects a high contrast emulsion with a gamma greater than 2 for prescreening As another example, one may desire an orthochromatic or panchromatic 60 prescreened material, in which case one selects an orthochromatic or panchromatic emulsion As still another example one may desire a prescreened projection paper, in which case, one selects a projection paper 65 emulsion The type of emulsion to be used does not impose any limitations on the present invention although the reproduction scale or range and final emulsion speed depend on the particular emulsion selected 70 Accordingly, the presqreened photographic material made by the method of the present invention comprises a support layer of film or paper with a uniformly thick layer of silver halide emulsion thereon, consisting 75 of rehalogenized silver halide distributed throughout the original silver halide in accordance with a vignetted halftone pattern. When this material is exposed to a continuous tone image, the brightest Darts of the 80 image produce a latent image in all of the original silver halide and also all of the rehalogenized silver halide The middle tones in the image produce the latent image in only part of the two silver halides (mainly in the 85 original silver halide) and the darkest points of the image produce a useful or specified density only in the middle of each dot which consists solely of the original silver halide. In general, optical sensitization of the ori 90 ginal silver halide (e g, orthochromatic or panchromatic sensitization) persists in the rehalogenized silver halide. in general, prescreened material should have a high contrast for haiftone work in order to ensure sharp dot structure. The halftone screen through which the prescreening exposure is made may be either a ruled screen out of contact with tle emulsion or a so-called "contact" screen in contact with the emulsion Contact screens have vignetted dot densities The development which follows the prescreening exposure is merely standard development as used in ordinary photographic processes For example, in the preferred embodiments of the invention one chooses a developer which gives a useful speed and average contrast to the emulsion, just as one ordinarily xzould Extremely high or extremely low contrast gives less

favourable tonal qualities to the prescreening If two developers are otherwise more or less equivalent and one of them produces a silver image which is more easily rehalogenized than the image produced by the other, the former is preferred since it permits the use of a weaker rehalogenizing bath which in turn tends to cause less reduction in emulsion speed at the centres of the dots (where no rehalogenization is present). In practising the present invention, the emulsion layer is washed to remove the developer, but is not fixed, It is then bleached in a bath containing a halide ion (for example, a bath containing potassium bromide) which bath rehalogenizes the metallic silver to form silver halide of lower sensitivity than the unexposed silver halide It is then dried. The method of the present invention is particularly suitable for continuous prescreening of roll film or roll paper No short high-intensity exposures such as those required for the Clayden effect (see Specification No 699,659) are involved Hence the screening exposure can be applied through a suitable roller and then the film or paper can be passed through a series of baths. Although it has been stated above that the method of the invention gives a prescreened material which has distributed through it two different silver halides having different sensitivities, this is, perhaps, an over-simplification since other factors such as grain size provide a raage of indivdiual sensitvities for each set of grains, w vhich give continuously varying sensitivity across the dots At all events, that is just the effect one gets in practice and it is the effect desired The exact mechanism which causes the difference in sensitivity between the original silver halide and the rehalogenized silver halide is, of course, not fully understood In fact, it is believed that certain grains may be partly original and partly rehalogenized and have a lower sensitivity than that of the original grain "Rehalogenized" would include such partly rehalogenized grains if present Also, tie silver halides are "different" even if, as pointed out above, the mechanism oi the difference is not known. The rehalogenizing bath may have the following composition: 70 Potassium bromide 50 gms Potassium ferricyanide 50 gins Potassium ferrocyanide 12 5 gms Water to make i COO ccs The exposures necessary to produce the 75 latent halftone image which is developed to silver grains need not be abnormally high It is merely the exposure normally required for exposing the particular film 'uing used or even less 80 The range or scale of sensitivity of the prescreened material depends on the sensitivity of the rehalogenized silver and even if this rehalogenized silver had zero sensitivity, the material would still be a prescreened one 85 suitable for some purposes The greater the

difference in sensitivity between the two emulsions, the greater the density scale which the material can reproduce. In the accompanying drawings: 90 Fig 1 shows schematically how a roll of photographic material may be continuously prescreened by the method of the present invention, and Fig 2 illustrates the principle of the inven 95 tion by means of a crossed step tablet densitometer strip. As shown in Fig 1 a roll of film or paper 1 unwinds from a roll 2 with the emulsion surface facing outward It passes over a 100 roller 3 and under a drum 4, the surface of which is transparent and includes a vignetted halftone pattern 5 similar to that in a contact screen Light from a lamp 6 exposes the film 1 through the halftone screen 5 That 105 is, the rotating drum 4 presents an illuminated area containing a vignetted halftone screen pattern of light This area is elongated, being equal to the length of the drum 4 As the drum rotates, this pattern of light 110 moves constantly across the area and the emulsion layer moves through the area synchronously with the light pattern since it is rolling in contact with the drum at all times as it is being exposed Light from the lamp 115 6 is confined by a shield 7 to illuminate only the bottom of the drum 4 as it rotates. The film then passes over rollers 8 and into a development bath 9 which produces a silver image in the exposed areas The film 120 then passes over rollers 10 into a wash bath 11 which removes the developer from the film but does not fix the film At this stage the film contains silver grains distributed amcnu silver halide arains in the emulsion 125 The film then passes over rollers 12 and into a relialoacnizing bleach bath 13 of the type described above At this stage the silver grains are replaced bv silver halide but this particular silver halide has much lo wer sen 130 785,872 depending on the scale or range of sensi 65 tivities desired The range can be pretty well selected at will and is, not limited or restricted as in prescreened films which depend on some particular photographic effect such as the Clayden effect or the Albert 70 effect A relatively high intensity is required to expose the corners of such prescreened film whereas a much lower intensity is required for the middle tones or the centres of the dots Also, the tonal reproduction can 75 be controlled more or less at will by proper selection of the distribution in density in the original exposing screen, for example 5 in Fig 1.

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Description: GB785873 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to dyed photographic relief records



FR1151684 (A) US2837430 (A) FR1151684 (A) US2837430 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 785 873 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification June 6, 1956. Application made in United States of America on July 12, 1955. Complete Specification Published Nov 6, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 98 ( 2), C 7, D( 1: 16). International Classification: -GO 3 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Dyed' Photographic Relief Records We, TECHNICOLOR MOTION PICTURE CORPORAT Io N, a Corporation organized and existing under the Laws of the State of Maine, United States of America, of 6311, Romaine Street, Hollywood, California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following

statement: - In forming dyed relief records it has been proposed to develop an exposed silver-halide film and harden the gelatin in the exposed portions, uisually in the same ceration with a hardening developer such as pyrogallol, then etch off the unhardened gelatin in the unexposed portions to form a relief record, and then dye the relief record If the record is to be used for direct viewing or projection the developed silver is bleached out but for use as a matrix in imbibition printing the silver need not be bleached. While such records have many advantages, particularly for imbibition printing, heretofore they have also had certain disadvantages. Sometimes they exhibit graininess and lack of resolving power, particularly when they, or prints therefrom, are greatly magnified as in the case of wide-screen projection of motion pictures Another difficulty is known as " breakthrough " in the highlights That is, in the areas of gelatin corresponding to the toe portion of the H & D curve, the etch breaks all the way through or leaves the gelatin too thin to absorb appreciable dye This difficulty is especially troublesome in the case of emulsion containing screening elements of carbon such as used in certain matrices to produce non-selective absorptivitiy. Objects of the present invention are to overcome the aforesaid difficulties and to produce dyed relief records which have great resolving power and superior quality not only in the highlight portions but throughout, particularly for use as imbibition matrices. In one aspect the present invention involves a method of forming a dyed relief record from a colloid layer sensitized with silver-halide which comprises exposing the colloid layer to form a latent image, developing the colloid layer to form a silver image and hardening the colloid layer in the region of the developed silver, etching off the unhardened colloid to form a relief record, and dying the relief record, characterized by using hypo in the developer to prevent the layer from being etched all the way through in the highlights. Preferably the developing and hardening is effected in the same stage by using a pyro developer Any substantial amount of hypo is beneficial up to the region of 2 % to 3 % by weight, but the amount should be kept under approximately 3 % With a pyro developer best results have been obtained with approximately 2 %. A typical embodiment of the invention involves printing an imbibition matrix and developing it for two minutes at 640 F in a developer having the following composition, the numbers indicating grams: " Calgon " (Registered Trade Mark) 1 00 Sodium sulfite O 60 Pyrogallol 3 00 " Elon " (Registered Trade Mark) 2 40 Potassium bromide 2 00 Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (hypo) 20 00 Sodium carbonate monohydrate 150

00 Water to one liter After being thus developed the matrix should be washed for one minute in a 0 3 % acetic acid solution at 640 F and then etched for 13 minutes in water at a temperature of approximately 1400 F to remove the unhardened gelatin While the acetic acid concentration and temperature of the etch are not critical, the concentration of acetic acid should be at least the value indicated. The addition of the hypo adds greatly to the resolving power of the matrix and the prints therefrom, and also prevents the aforesaid breakthrough in etching the matrix The improvement is particularly noticeable in widescreen projecetion where the imbibition prints 785,873 are magnified to a greater degree than in the case of normal projection. While the reasons for these marked improvements are not clearly understood, the following is thought to be at least a partial explanation of the theory of operation The introduction of the hypo causes the silver-halide grains, both exposed and unexposed to diminish in size and number, the smaller ones disappearing entirely. In printing the matrix, the silver-halide grains are exposed not only in the desired areas but, owing to light diffusion, to some extent in the peripheral or penumbral region of each desired grain While these peripheral or penumbral grains may be small they affect the degree of hardening and therefore the action of the etch water The addition of the hypo to the developer is thought to dissolve these peripheral or penumbral grains more or less and therefore eliminate or at least minimize the unwanted or spurious gelatin relief which would otherwise be produced Also it is thought that the addition of the hypo to the developer causes the surface layers of the exposed silver-halide grains to be dissolved, thereby exposing the internal portions of the grains to the developer action and permitting more development in areas of low density, such as are to be found in the toe region of a typical H & D curve When the internal portions of the grains are fully developed the gelatin in the highlight portions is hardened enough to prevent breakthrough in the etching process. In any event the addition of the hypo greatly improves the resolving power, prevents breakthrough in etching, and makes it possible to use carbon screening elements in the matrices.


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