53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment...
Transcript of 53:071 Principles of Hydraulics Laboratory Experiment...
53:071 Hydraulics and HydrologyProject #1
Pelton TurbineAllen Bradley, Loren Wehmeyer, Li-Chuan Chen, and Marian Muste
Problem StatementA children’s museum in Colorado has purchased a small Pelton turbine for its new display on renewable energy.
Problem StatementThe museum wishes to operate the turbine (with available flows) and sell the power on the open market.You have been hired as a consultant to the museum.
Project ObjectiveYour job is to determine energy (kWh) that can be generated from the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine, and the revenue it can generate ($/year) for the museum.
Site InformationThe effective head for operations at the site is about 120 ftVariations in the forebay elevation are assumed to be minor
Operational InformationThe museum will operate the turbine 7 days a week (9 am to 4 pm).The museum has secured water rights to divert flows from the South Platte River. The allotted diversion depends on the average monthly flow rate in the river.
Laboratory ComponentDetermine the energy conversion efficiency of the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for the proposed operating conditions (Havailable, Q)
Engineering Analysis Components
Compute the energy produced (kWh/yr) if operated as planned.Estimate the revenue that can be generated if the energy is sold on the open market ($/year).Prepare a one-page flyer on the exhibit (for distribution to museum visitors).
Principley
A
x
VEntering jet
j
Exiting jet(nil velocity)
A
r
z
Torqueon shaft
Controlsurface
Nozzle
Turbineshaft NTTP 2
availableavailable QHP
availablePP
Principle240
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
Q (L
/m)
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000Speed (rpm)
Nozzlefull open
3/4 open
5/8 open
1/2 open
1/4 open
1/8 open
10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
60% T
Laboratory ObjectiveTo determine energy conversion efficiency () for the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for three operational discharges (Q)
Laboratory Apparatus
Laboratory Procedures1. TA sets the discharge and initial measuring
speed with the brake off2. Tighten the friction hand-wheel and record
the torque and rotational speed3. Repeat Step 2 with ∆N ≈ 50-100 rpm until
the rotational speed reaches about 500 rpm4. Measure the head on the weir (H1) and
record the reference point (H0)5. TA adjusts to a lower discharge and initial
rotational speed6. Repeat Steps 1 to 5
Data SheetData Acquisition Data Reduction
H0 H1 Pres. T N Q Pavai P η
Run 1
Run 2
Laboratory AnalysisDetermine the discharge using Q=2.49(H1-H0)2.48.Determine the efficiency of the turbine.Plot the rotational speed vs. the efficiency of the turbine. Show results for the three different discharges.
Sample ResultEfficiency curve
0102030405060708090
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000
rotational speed (rpm)
effi
cien
cy High flowmoderate flowlow flow
Project ReportProvide the client (the museum director) with a concise report that answers the project objectives