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a[" 1l\C \IACt{INERY SfJN. Atllf.

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A,\7 C6Oat'p 6?f- /

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CT{C LATHtrtsASIC PR *Glt Air€S{fiq{; GUiBE

oKuNiA {,}sP-7i}ilci,10sP "700L

: ; ! :a ' :__'

Training M2nual - Larhe NUMAC MACHINERY SDN. B}ID.

Chapter I Introduction

1.1 NC Programming Concept

The pupos€ of NC programmitrg is i\Titing a Program to cornmand the CNC machine to maclunea work piece according to the g en drawing. The procedures arc illustmted in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1

1.2 Machine and Program Coordinate System ( Standard CNC

The coordinate system of CNC lathe is shown in Figure l-2.

l-)L_l

/o / |

Figure 1-2

* Nore: X-r\is coardimte slalcd in dianetervalue.Progam zero must be selecled before start programmiog

iI

:-tj

ToolingSelectron &Tool PathDesign

Lathe)

X +ie

Decembor i998

TEinitrg lltatrual - l,athe NT]MAC MACHINERY SDN. BT{D

Poitrt x z40 0

B 40 -50c 70 -50D 70 - l l0E 80 -r l0

fierEise:

Point x z

B

cD

Erdcise:

Point x z

B

cD

E

F

D*mber 1998

NTJMAC MACHTNERY SDN BHD

Chapter 2 Basic Programming

2.1 Program Configuration

Gene.ally a program coffists oll) fbgram Nalne.2) S€quence Name ard Sequ€ac€ label.3) Coordinates and commatrds4) Remarks.5) End ofProgram block.

This tufornation is presenled using ALPHABATIC CHARACTERS and NUMf,RIC CHAR{CTER-SE ch line ofcbamcters is called a BLOCL

(Can be omitled d otrlti one program in the file)N____ G_ X_ Z_ S_ T, M_

:r,42

E\anple 2. t: Programming format

oool2Nl00 G50 s2000Nl0l 600 x500 2450NATOI (ROUGH CI.II OD)Nl02 T0l0l0INl03 x80 250 s430 Mol M08N104 X70 230N105 G0l X230.25s F0.5

N600 G00 x300 2450 M05 M09M02

2-l.l Program Name (Prograu Number)

I ! Program name designation

- Up to 4 characters can be us€d-- The .f chamclers crn b€ nqnenc.- Alphabetic character must be a h€ad of numeric chardcter.

Example 2.2: Progrm Name

a) 01234 r 'b) oABl2 r'c) OIAA2

d) Ol23 * O0l13

:' Prcgtrm \ame can be omitled iI there is onll one main prognn in thc file.

Deember 1998

o

---alnrng l\,lr.[ual - Lath€ NTJMAC MACHINERY SDN, BFID

zl.2 Sequence Name and Label

I i { sequene oame is defircd as a name a$igned to a block. Numeric or alphabetic clnracters followingder -N are designated lor a s€querce n une,

N

- Sequenc€ naltr€ trrrlst be placed at the beginning of a block. Howeverquence trame itr a proglain.

- i€quence nam€ may be slecified in ally order.

it is not essentral to include

Example 2.3i Prognm Name

a) N1234 r'b) NAT02 r'c) NIAT2d) Nl23 + N0123

11.3 Coordinates and commands

: , \hchine canies out its tasks by following the cormands irritten in a prognm- These collDunds ateF-enled bl groups ofcodes, so called G codes and M codes.

Eaci clde conrnands the machine to do a specilic action. For example:

a) G)O commands the nrachine lo mo\,e the cutter at a rapid sp€ed io a specific point in the

b) M08 commands the machine to start spmying coolant through the nozdes.

:3nii 2 L G4ode

{r

G-Code CONTENTSG00 PositionineG0t Straisht line cuttineG02 Circr ar cuttins fclockwise)G0l Circular cunina ( counterclockwise )G0l DwellG40 Tool nose radius conlDensation: CancelG.ll Tool nose mdius compensation: left

Tool nose ndius comDenlatiolr: nehtc5t) Maximum SDindle sDeed desiqutionG7l lanqitudinal comDound fixed thread cuttine cvcle

Lonsiludinal ercovin(r comDound fixed cvcleTrans:\,ersc aroovinc/drilline co'nDound fi yed cacle

ca7lG?8 TaDDins comnound fixed c-\,cle.G8o End ofshrDe desisndtion GAP)G81 SI,3n of lonsitudiml shaDe desreMtron fLA?lGE: St?n oftnNvers€ sluDe desiFation (LAP)G3i Call of rouch bar turnine c\cle tLA? )GSi Call of firush lmirq cycle (LA?)G90 Absolutc Drosran ninc

__ge_i_Gll

G! i

_trgs!!1.ti1_pt.9eEln! u n_199!Lper minule rlode {mnr,imin)feed Der revolution mode {mm/rc!l

G96 Constairt speed cuning ONG9- Cmcel ofG96 (djrecl spirdle speed)

:,:..rb-r ie98

:mlns \,farual - l-a$e

:* ie l l : l lCodes

\'l Code Codeotsv00 Progam Eopv0rMO: EEd of Dmgam\I0l Sdtrdle clochiis€ rotalon\4OJ Srindle counFrclockwise rouuonv05M08 C-elant on\I09 Coola.ot otr

I ]t order to lel drc machire bo$ Nhele it should mo\'e dre lool. ihe coordiEn€ poiEs have to t€

{rif.d The coordinat€ \:Jue i5 repre$€nted by X, Z. A. C. I and K a\is Ha,rever. .{b X and Z .rxis is*6E nncemed ir &rs clrss

- h ieadt parameter settitrg the unit syslem is in millimeters

X90-l is eff€cn ely 90. t mm or 90l00pm

- r"sr br defauh the tmir qsem allows 3 sigrificant digit after the decifial poiDt.

x0.00I

- ar:-s.d point is not 6s€trtra1 if oteger \alue is assigD€d.

X90 is efre.ti1e as X90. orX9o.0

Exanple 2 .1:x-10 .1 tl ztolx90.001 290

:i a!=: code (address) include F. S. T. P. Q....

&\e=

F= Feed rate

S: Spindle Speed

I- Iool number atrd lool offsel numbcr

Y.!al- falh€

Irl Selection

NUMAC MACHINERY SDN B}ID.

- da onting tool is made by 4{igit figutes following a character T

E@ple 2-+

r 9292

T6l Dose rrdius mmpe$ation fimctiol is used, selection of a cutting tool is made by 6-digit

r82q2q2\

\- Tool Offset NumberTool Number

Tool nose radiuscompensation

Controlling The Spindle (S' M03' M04' M05)

a!trT- rtd spindle mrln be rotaling b€fore the cutting process cornmences. These codes are used torb diEcriofls of s?indle roution and its spe€d.

Tool Offset Number

Tool Number

Srans the spindle in Clockwise direction. (IMPORTAIYT: See figure for the Corvention )

dn\Eli

Stins the spindle lll Count€r-Clockwise directior. (IMPORTANT: See figure for $€

'/T\\w'hignatcs ',he spindle speedR.r'/ mio )

NUMAC MACHINERY SDN. BIID

u0fxI8€ 2204xl85

I Xl85 Zl20 m.5xl90

zlooxzmxi002300

5

G. 2000 r.p.m-t qrtudle.

aEds the machine to s€l€at tool trumber L+ddle speed ro 2000 r.p.m

rhe slindle to .o€te itr clocbi.ise directioo at ro(atlon s?€ed determined by pre\ ious S

onroff (M08,M09)

0lSJff) VO3Gm xt88 220.t

xl855Gol xl85 zl20

xl90zloo

)I200gn xi002300lljltot)\t2

F05

NUMAC MACHINERY SDN. BTID

Enn Stop and Program End (M00, M0f, M02)

k;rli stop- Th€ machiniry cycl€ stops wh€tr this code is encountered during programdio[ Pressing CYCm START at $is point will r€s,ume the opemtion.

qrirl nop. M0l performs tle sane function as M00. ;xcepl. it is oni) effeclire r{henrL OPTIONAL STOP bulton on the control panel is swilched on. Pr€ssing CYCLE5f.1RT ai this point will resume dle operatior

fl .a pmgram, It must be ircluded to indicate end of a progmrn. This code also resetsft.ootrol-

fd3 *ops here.

hon is pressed,

Sep ifOPTIONAL STOP

Coflrnu€s here whentirtton is pressed.

=.]=n"-*.\

TO IOIs2000 M03c00 xl88 2204

xl85M00M08cnl xl85 zl20 F0.5

xl90ztoo

x200M01G00 x3002300M5M09M2

b5 -eE

t3D

ing (G00)

the Bachne to position lhe cutter to a mordinate poinl at npid feed mte

-IdZ desiErare the stopping pomt

-Line Cutting (G0l)

the mr.$ine ao mo(e the cuner ftom qitretrt position lo the Position specifed bf x.a gr-aight line ar feed mte specitr€d by f

Emple 2 9:

NLI}LAC \IACHINER\ Str\

ml0ls2000 M03c00 xl88 2204

xl85M08GO1 X185 2120 m.5

x190zrw

x200G00 x3002300MJM09M2

mtols20m M03

icao x1E8 2204

NTJMAC MACHINERY SDN BHD

(G04) & Maximum Spindle Speed (G50)

Iffi for F_ second.

cn4 F

rb Daxinun Aindl€ speed (S _ _ _ _ ) alowed in lhe program.

G5O S

MrDal - lltie

x-t

-X a Z spel8{the end@int of arc.

+ atrd K speciry llre tpsition of the center poht relative to lbe sta-rt point ofarc.

- L is used t9,spe.ified the radius oflhe arg I and K should not be s?ecilied ifl, is given

-The nart polnt of arc is the positiotr i$mediately before the G02 or G03 coEmand line.

c0l60

10020l0

T0l0ls2000 M03G00 x60zl0l

zI00 ,M.08G01 220F0.5 . . . aGoJ X80 ZI0 K-10 F0.5c00 x1002300M5M09\a

t2

NI-IMAC MACHINERY SDN. BHD

ml0ls2000 M03cro0 x60 zt04

zlNM08GOr 220 F05G02 X80 Zto I10 F0*rcroO x300zmMJM09 .M2

Gio s3000ml0lslfi)0 M03Gm x60 zl04

zt00TIO8G{l x65 218.66 F0,5G42 X80 210 I-5 K{.66 F0.5G00 x3002300Nf5I!f09TO 'y

- -{dditional}. I ard K can be replaced bf L {ndius)

lEmber I99E l . ]

i,,ffi

I100

December lg)s

Training lranual - Lathe NUMAC MACIII}.ERY SDN. BTID.

3.2 LAP 3 - Bar Rough Turning Cycle

G code G80Ddcripriotr: EDd of finishing shape designation fo. bar rough qtr c.vcle.

G code: G8lD€scription:

E\ample:

d€fined

L/'

N

NLAPI G82

G80\999 MOl

G coder G80 End offinishing $ape desiglation for bar mugll

G coder G8l Stan ofloDgtrudral draF designarioo for rougbbar tumine c,\de.

G code: G82 Stan of transltrse sbape designation for rough bar

C code: G87 Ca[ offinisL tunine clcle.

G80

Sran of lotrg:rudinal sbape desigMtioo for rough b€r tumin8 clcle

N G8I

snape

1.."

N Seouence BIne of the de6n€d

NLAPI G81

G80l{999M02

G code: G82D€scription: Start of transverse shape designation for rough bar nirniDg clcle

N G82

Sequetrce oame of the shape

E\lnrple

I

De.e ber 1998 l5

NUMAC MACHINERY SDN. B}ID.

G code: G85Descriptiotr: CaI of rough bat tuming cycle

Nl30 G80Nl40 G97 5500Nl50 G00 x500 2500Nl60 M02

x=51

G85 N DFUW

NI,AP G81N060 G0 x-0.1 zl5?N^rn

^^r 7r{< Fn oK-

iio*o iio -'" "."" ------------

Fef,drare offinishing cvcl€N090 z 90NI00 x50

. Nll0 250Nl20 x6I

Sequence name ofthe defined shape.Rougtring cycle depth of cut (drameter)Roughing cycle feedmte.Stock resorve for finishing in X-direction (diameter)Stock res€rve for finishing in Z{irection.

(Start longitudinal rough tuming finished shape define )

@nd of rough bar tuming shape defme.)

N____D,F_U_

Exanple:

Noro G50 52000N020 G00 x500 .2500N0j0 X6t z16I T0t0t 5500 Mol M08 /Feedrate of roucling cycle.

N040 G96 S | 20 -----'-N050 G85 NLAI1 D2 X'0.tU1'0 W0.5 (Ca[ rough bar turning cycle )

i:ts

. ' ' . . '

December 1998 l6

NIIMAC MACHINERY SDN, BHD.

G code: G87Deicription: Call offinish tumitr8 cycle.

Example:

X=60X=50X

N0l0 G50 s2000N020 G00 x500 2500

NLAP G81N060 G0 x4.l 2157

G87 N_,__ (U_ W )

N____U_

Sequence name of the defined shape.Stock reserve for frfther finishing in X-dire{tion (diameter)_oDtonal,Stock r€serve for further finishing in Z-direciion-oplion"l

Roughing cycte.

Finishing cut (G87).

N030 x6r 216l ml0r s500 M03 M08N040 G96 5120N050 C85 NLAPI D2 F0.t Ul.0 W0.5 (Call rough bar Rming c) cle.I

(Start longitudinal rough bar tuming sbape define.)

N070 G'l zl55 F0 06----___-------- Feedrate offinishing cycte

T91------Reture or roug*'*

N090 z 90Nr00 xsoNll0 250Nl20 x6lNl30 G80Nl40 G97 5500Nl50 GOO X500 2500Nr60 x4. l 216l m202Nl70 G96 Sl50NISO G87 NLAPINl90 G95 S500N200 G00 x500 zs00N999 M02

Gnd ofrough bar tuming finished shape defire )

(CrI firishing cycle.)

Decenb('r 1998 t1

TrainingManual-tathe NIJMAC MACHINERY SDN. BIID.

3.3 Tool Nose Radius ComPensationG coder GtODescriDtiotr: Carcel oftool nose cornpensation Gll and G{2 must b€ c{trceled by G40 before endng

the pmgram.

G code: G41Description: Tool nose compensatioq left. Actual cutting palh o tool

R€quired cutting path.

Without using tool nose compensafon.Progmnrming pold setby tool offset.

G code G,l2Description: Tool nose compensatior\ righl

Example:

N060 Cno G42 X32 Zl22N070 G01 G96 Sl00 X30 Zl20N080 280N090 xsO ,z50Nl00 248Nll0 x52Nl20 GitoNl30 G00 xs00 ,2500

(Tool nose compensation rigbt.)

Z= 50 Z= a0 Z= t20X=50Z= 3l

(Cancel tool nose comp€nsation. )

DeceNh. ' r 1998 1E

Training Mrnual - Lathe NIJMAC MACHINERY SDN. BTID

Chapter 4 Basic Programming (Fixed Cycles)

4.1 Longitudinal Thread Cutting Cycle (G7l)

G code: G7lDescription: Longitudinal dread cutting cycle.

G?I X-Z-A_(I)B,D_ U_ H- L_ F J M_Q-

Final diameter of thr€ad.Z coordinate of end point of tfuead.Taper angle.Dif€rence in mdius between skning point and end poinl for taperthread (€xpress in radius).Infeed angle (B = 0-180;0 ifno B provided. Nomrally is equal tocutter tip point angle).Depth of cut in first thread culting cycle (e+ress in diameter).Finishing allowance (express in diameter).Thread height (€xpress in dia$eter).Chamfering distance in final thread cutting cycle. (effective in M32modet if no L word is provided in M23 node, L is assumed as thedistance equivalent to one lead)Thread lead.Number of thrc'ads wioin a distance specified by F word.Used to select tfuead cuftrng pattem and mode of infeed.The number of tlreads for multipl€-dread dread cutting.

xz

I

B

DUHL

FJMa

Dcccrirber 1998 t9

Training Mrnual - Lathe N'IIMAC MACHINERY SDN. BHD.

l.L!

I

4.2 Longitudinal Grooving Fixed Cycle (G73)

c code: G?3Description:t ngitudinal gooving fixed cycle.

G13 X_Z_t K_ D_ L_ F_E_ T

XzIKDLF

T

X coordinate of target poinlZ coordinate of targct point.Shift amount in X-axis direction (in diameter).Shift arnount in Z-axis dhection.Depth ofcut (infeed amount, iII diameler).Total infeed amount for tool withdmwal modon (in diameter)F€edrate-Duration of dwell motion when ta€et point on X-a\is is reached.Tool offsel number determining dle tool offset arnount wher largelpoint on z-axis is reached.

2{lDecen$er 1998

.- /

4.3 Transverse Grooving/Drilling Fixed Cycle (G74)

c code: G74Desciiption: TmnsveNe grooving/drillingtrxed cycle.

xzIKDLF

T

X coordinale of target point (X=o when drilling).Z coordinate of target poi-nt.Shift amount in X-&xis direction (in diameter).Shift amount in Z-axi! direction (I(=0 when drilling).Deplh of cut (iDfeed amount)-Tool infeed amount for tool withdrawal motion.Feedrate,Dumhon of dwell motion when target point on X-axis is reached.Tool ofset numb€r determining the tool offset amount when tr-rgetDoint on Z-axis is reached.

lDlK<-______<__

v2

X

NT]MAC MACHINERY SDN. BHD.

G74X-Z_I K_D-L-F_E_ T

Decelnber l9Y8 zl

*-r t

NIJMAC MACHINERY SDN. BIID

{.4 Tapping Fired Cycle (G77, G78)

G cod€: G77D€scriptiotr: Right t nd dvead tapping fixed cycle- (Tapping adaptor need to be used.)

G code: G78De!.ription: Left b"ad $.tad tapphg fixed cycle. (Tapping adaptor need to be used )

Gl1tGt8X_Z_K_F_

\ZK

F

X coordinate of tapping start point. (trrget potnoZ coordinate of tapping ed poinl (target poin0Rapid a{s feedrate for axis feed from the cycle stan potm to uecuttrnS slart pornt.Feedrate (pitch).

X=0

lcc€mber l99s

NIJMAC NLTCHINERY SD\. BIID.

Chapter 5 Basic Programming (Cutting Parameter)

5.1 Feedrate Control (G94, G95)

G code: G9.1DescdprioD: Specfies the feedr'ate in the feedminute mode

G code: G95Descriptioo: Specifies the feedmte in the feedrevolutioo D!1de.

Corersior of feed/rev. to fcrd/mi4l

Feed./mln = feed.irev. x RPM

5.2 Cutting Speed Control (G96, G97)

G codq G96D€scriptioD: Coonant speed sutting mod€ on.

G cods G97Descripdoo: Carcel corlsta.Dt cutting mod€.

Conversiod of cottiDg speed ao spindle speed:

RPM = (\'\ 1000) / (i l1 x D)

D: mm

E\"mple:

GiO s2000

c96 S20C

G!7 Si500

\D