5/22/04CHILDES1 Child Language Data Exchange System Founded 1984 in Concord MA Director: Brian...
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Transcript of 5/22/04CHILDES1 Child Language Data Exchange System Founded 1984 in Concord MA Director: Brian...
5/22/04 CHILDES 1
CHILDES
• Child Language Data Exchange System• Founded 1984 in Concord MA• Director: Brian MacWhinney [email protected]• Programmers: Leonid Spektor, Franklin Chen• 4500 Members• 130 corpora• 1500 published articles
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Why study child language?
• Special Gift -- Universals• Typology -- Variation• Emergentism -- Processes• Language Disorders -- Differences• Socialization, Literacy• Language Maintenance
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Universals
• Are there basic patterns to babbling?• Are early word orders universal?• Does UG give children a universal set of
functional categories?• Is the vocabulary spurt universal?
We need LOTS of data
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Differences
• Do children have individual styles?• Gestalt vs. Analytic• Enactive (1S) vs. Depictive (3S)
• Do children respond differentially to parental recasts?
• Do children vary in their match to cue validity?
Again, we need LOTS of data.
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Comparisons
• How should we match SLI children to normal controls -- MLU? Morphology, TTR
• How should we compare language socialization processes across social classes? Between cultures?
• How should we compare the course of development across languages? The case of Romance.
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Getting Set Up Connect to http://childes.psy.cmu.edu
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Ground Rules
• Ethical use, informed consent• Levels of permission• Respect for dignity of participants• Respect for contributors• Requirement to cite sources• Requirement to contribute data
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Info-CHILDES and Membership
• Subscribe to [email protected]• Archived at LinguistList• Info-CHIBolts for nuts and bolts• Membership list• IASCL Membership
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Why no handout?“Overviews” link has this PPT presentation
CHILDES is now fully electronic. No more paper.
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Assumed computer platform
• A “modern” XML browser, IE5, Navigator 7, Safari, Firefox
• QuickTime and Flash• Acrobat Reader• Zip• Unicode fonts• PPT
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Getting Set Up
• Download CLAN from Programs link
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Which version of CLAN?• Windows 98 - clanwin.exe• Windows 2000/XP - clanwinu.exe• OSX - CLANX• Grab Arial Unicode while you are here too
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Installing
• Mac• Trash old version
• Unstuff and drag new version anywhere
• Windows• Add/remove programs to remove old versions
• Autoinstall to c:\childes\clan
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Windows issues
• You can work in c:\childes• But your administrator may have this
locked.• So, you may need shortcuts.• Windows IPA is difficult.
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Downloading Manuals
CHAT, CLAN
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Getting Started
• Open CLAN Manual to Chapter 2• Double-click application• Control-D to open Commands Window• Set Working Directory to
c:\childes\clan\lib\samples
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Should look like this:
Windows will be c:\childes\clan\lab\samples
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Run FREQ
• Freq sample.cha • Hit RUN or carriage return• In output, does “want” occur 3 times?
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Interface Features
• Help• CLAN• Files In• Recall• Set MOR, Lib, Output directories
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Files In
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Building Commands
• mlu +t*CHI +f sample.cha• mlu *.cha• Wildcards• File output• *.cha
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Changing Directories
• Set Working to: ne32
combo +t*MOT +s"is^*ing" *.cha• Set Working to: samples
kwal +sbunny +w2 -w2 0042.cha• Triple click on output line to go back to
source file
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GEM
• Set Working to: Workshop• GEM +s* pau001.cha• Open output, play audio
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Exercises - Chapter 8
• MLU50 • mlu +t*CHI +z50u +f *.cha
• MLU5 • maxwd +t*CHI +g1 +c5 +dl 68.cha | mlu >
68.ml5.cex
• TTR• freq +t*CHI +s"*-%%" +f *.cha
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BatchFile
• maxwd +t*CHI +g1 +c5 +dl 14.cha | mlu > 14.ml5.cex• maxwd +t*CHI +g1 +c5 +dl 55.cha | mlu > 55.ml5.cex• maxwd +t*CHI +g1 +c5 +dl 66.cha | mlu > 66.ml5.cex• maxwd +t*CHI +g1 +c5 +dl 68.cha | mlu > 68.ml5.cex• maxwd +t*CHI +g1 +c5 +dl 98.cha | mlu > 98.ml5.cex
• Batch batch.cex• Or just run by highlighting in Commands (Windows)
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Tables
Child MLU50
MLU5 TTR MLT Ratio
14 0.10 0.12 1.84 -0.90
55 -0.70 -0.65 -0.15 -0.94
66 -0.25 -0.19 -0.68 -1.14
68 3.10 2.56 -0.67 1.60
98 -0.95 -1.11 -0.55 0.31
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The Editor
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Playing a linked file
• Esc-8• Esc-A• Cont-Click• F5
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Linking a File - F5
• Cursor on *FAT
• Find file• F5• Press space
for each utterance
• Save
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F5 Tricks
• Go back to last good link• Space quickly through contained overlap• If a bullet is missing, cut and paste an old
one• For precision, try Sonic Mode
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Sonic Mode
• Esc-0 to start• Highlight area• Shift-click to move edge• Have cursor on line in
file• S to insert time marks
• Triple click a linked sentence
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Transcribing
• Open new window (Command-N)• Insert headers
• @Begin
• @Languages: en
• @Participants: CHI Target_Child, MOT Mother, FAT Father, ROS Brother
• @Date
• F5 with space at each utterance• Go back and transcribe each bullet (c-click)• Adjust time marks using Esc-A
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CHECK
• CHECK is the most important CLAN program
• Internal: Esc-L• External: check *.cha• External CHECK provides fuller control
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Options
• Backup• Wrapping• Line Numbers• CHECK
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More Options
Line numbers F5 bullets SoundAnalyzer
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Coder's Editor
• Open barry.cha• Esc-0• Cursor on first
line• Open
codeshar.cut• %spa• Insert
$NIA:AC:IN
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Coder's Editor Commands
• F1 finish current tier and go to the next• Esc-c finish coding current tier• Esc-t restrict coding to a particular speaker• Esc-Esc go on to the next speaker• Esc-s rotate subcodes• Control-g cancel illegal command
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Send to Praat
Open Praat, Click before link, Send to Praat, Run Analysis
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Learning to Digitize
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IPA- IPAKeys - Mac
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IPA- KeyMan/SIL-Windows
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Searching, Replacing
• Cont-R, Cont-F• Space, No, !, control-G
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Fixing Things
• CHSTRING• INSERT (inserts @ID headers)• FIXIT• LONGTIER• FIXBULLETS• REN• COMBTIER
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Tour of English MOR Files
• Download a copy• A-rules• C-rules• Sf.cut• Lexicon
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Running MOR
• Set MOR directory• mor +xi (dogs)• mor +xl barry.cha• Open barry.ulx.cex• Fix problems using KWAL• mor *.cha
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POST
• mor barry.cha +1 or else• mor barry.cha and then• ren *.mor.cex *.cha +f• post *.cha +1
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CHAT
• What is an utterance?• What is a word?• Tour of the CHAT manual
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Web Browsing of Video
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Some examples
• Forrester• Rollins• Yasmin• Paulo• Brent, MacWhinney• Classroom - JLS
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Rollins Coding
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ProjectPad
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Naked Video
• Terabytes of video • No transcripts• Occasional sign posts• Sparse speech recognition• Automatic video analysis
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Collaborative Commentary
• Streaming Media• TimeLine and Transcript Display• Stickies for comments• Options for display of other comments• Ontology of comments• Comment database
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Evidential Database
• Theses pointing to evidence through media• Supporting pointers to PDFs• Publishable as special issues