5.11 Polar and Nonpolar Compounds, Polarity …...5.11 Polar and Nonpolar Compounds, Polarity&...
Transcript of 5.11 Polar and Nonpolar Compounds, Polarity …...5.11 Polar and Nonpolar Compounds, Polarity&...
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SPARK Complete your SPARK on your guided notes paper!
Unit 5 NAME Class Work 1/13/14
5.11 Polar and Nonpolar Compounds, Polarity
ObjecGve SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar,
nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Agenda:
• SPARK/ObjecGve • Notes • PracGce • Exit Ticket • Homework
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Review
• This type of bond occurs when one atom transfers electrons to another.
• This type of bond occurs when one atom shares electrons.
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Tug of War
vs.
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Electron Tug of War
Diagram 1 Diagram 2
H H H F
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
Polarity**: property of molecules with poles (or
uneven charges)
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Electronegativity Difference �
EN Difference � Bond Character �
> 2.0! ionic!
1.0-2.0! Very polar covalent!
0.4-1.0! Moderately polar covalent!
0-0.4! non-polar covalent!Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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IONIC BONDS (difference in EN >2.0 = METAL and
NONMETAL) ex. NaCl
Electrons fully transferred (cation and anion formed)
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Nonpolar Covalent (difference in EN = 0-‐0.4)
ex. N2 or O2
Electrons shared equally
(little or no charge difference between atoms)
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Polar Covalent (difference in EN >0.4, < 2 )
ex. NO, HO, HF
Electron shared unequally (charge difference between
atoms) Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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In an ionic bond, what happens to the valence electrons?
In a covalent bond, what happens to the valence electrons?
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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In a nonpolar covalent bond, what happens to the valence electrons?
In a polar covalent bond, what happens to the valence electrons?
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Polar Bonds �
Which atom attracts electrons more? How do you know?
Is HCl polar or non-polar? Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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The electrons in a bond between two iodine atoms (I2) are shared….
equally, and the resulting bond is ….
non-polar covalent
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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The electrons in a bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms are shared….
unequally, and the resulting bond is ….
very polar covalent
EN difference = Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Practice �• Predict the polarity of the covalent bonds
that form between each pair of atoms (ionic, very polar covalent, moderately polar covalent, non-polar covalent):!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Bond Character • The larger the difference in electronegaGvity, the more ionic character the bond has
• The smaller the difference in electronegaGvity, the more covalent character the bond has
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Practice �• Which elements will form a bond with
the most ionic character?!a) H and F ! !c) C and O!b) C and H ! !d) F and C!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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• Nonpolar Covalent – Electrons are shared equally – Ex: bond between 2 idenGcal nonmetals
• Polar Covalent – Electrons are not shared equally – One atom is more electronegaRve
• Ionic – Electrons are transferred – One atom is much more electronegaRve
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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PracGce Polar Bonds
• a) Draw the Lewis dot structure, b) Label each bond as polar (P) or non-‐polar (NP) c) For polar covalent bonds, draw a δ-‐ or δ+ on the atom for each bond. d) Label the shape that the molecule will have (use your notes from 5.10).
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Polarity of Bonds vs. Molecules �
• Molecules can be non-polar even if bonds are polar!– Molecules need to be symmetrical for
this to occur!• Ex: CCl4!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Symmetrical Compounds Chlorine is more electronegative
Pulling evenly in all four directions!!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Non-‐Symmetrical Compounds
Pulls electrons away from the hydrogen and carbon
Chlorine is more electronegative than Carbon
Carbon is more electronegative than Hydrogen
δ+ δ-
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Non-‐Symmetrical Compounds
Dipole** is a molecule with two poles.
δ+ δ-
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Non-‐Symmetrical Compounds
Which is more electronegative Cl or F?
δ- δ+
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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• What geometry did CO2 and H2O have?
C O O
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Water vs. Carbon Dioxide • Linear molecules can be symmetrical if they have the same atom on either side
• Bent molecules are never symmetrical! – More NegaGve Near Oxygen
C O O
δ-
δ+
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Which can be symmetrical? • Linear
– SomeRmes • Bent
– Never • Trigonal Planar
– SomeRmes • Tetrahedral
– SomeRmes • Trigonal Pyramidal
– Never
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Trigonal Pyramidal Shape
NH3
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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PracGce • Give an example of a molecule that would be polar and one that would be non-‐polar for each geometry listed below: – Linear – Trigonal Planar – Tetrahedral
• Be prepared to share with the class a drawing of the molecular structure and the overall dipole direcGon. Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Independent PracGce
• Go through the Polar PracGce and determine if the overall molecule is polar or non-‐polar.
• If it is polar, use another color to draw the arrow of the overall dipole and label the posiGve and negaGve pole of the molecule.
• If you finish this early, finish the mulGple choice homework!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Exit Ticket Complete your exit Gcket and place it in the bin!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry
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Exit Ticket
• How can a bond in a molecule be polar while the overall molecule is non-‐polar? (Use this example to explain: CCl4 or CO2)
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HOMEWORK Make a study sheet for your Unit 5 Exam! Update glossary with all vocabulary words!
Objective: SWBAT determine whether a bond is polar, nonpolar or ionic based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms, identify a molecule as polar or nonpolar based on it’s bond polarity and symmetry