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GEOGRAPHY
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Punic Wars
• The first Punic War was fought on Sicily.
• The third and final war was the time when Rome’s hatred towards Carthage exploded and Rome destroyed it forever.
• The Roman empire gained as much land to the North as Gaul, to the South as Carthage, to the East as Syria and to the West as Spain.
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The Military Expansion of Ancient Rome
• Rome’s borders were always expanding because of its massive military.
• When Rome started out it was a small city, however, when Rome collapsed it was because of it’s massive empire.
• Although Rome had many emperors, they continued to expand over time.
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The Location of Ancient Rome
Rome originated on seven hills, near the Tiber River.
• Rome is located on the Italian Peninsula .
• Rome reached to the Alps in ancient times.
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Ancient Roman Trade
• In Rome the citizens could trade within the city, neighboring towns, or even cities across vast bodies of water.
• If trade traveled far enough it was transported by animal or vessel.
• In Rome you could trade numerous items as long as both parties agreed that it was a fair trade.
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Religion
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Roman Beliefs
• The Romans believed in several Gods and Goddesses for many different reasons.
• The most powerful God of all was Zeus.
• The Romans would pray and give gifts or sacrifice before an important event.
• The Romans had a God or Goddess for virtually every aspect of their life. Time, War, Love, Death, Sea, etc.
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Etruscan Mysticism
• The Etruscans believed that the Gods gave them signs in nature.
• They tried to interpret lightning before going into battle and studied flight patterns of birds to try to predict a good harvest.
• The Etruscan diviners used the stars to plan the layouts of cities and homes.
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Judaism
• Judaism is the religion of the Jews and is one of the oldest religions.
• Judaism was founded in Jerusalem around the time of the Roman Empire and is still being practiced today.
• Judaism and Christianity share some of the same beliefs.
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Christianity
• The Christians were led by Jesus and they were hated by the Romans.
• If found practicing Christianity, they would be crucified or feed to the lions.
• The bible indicates that Jesus was killed and resurrected three days later.
• Christians only believe in one God and also that Jesus was the son of God.
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Achievements
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Architecture
• The Romans got the idea of the “arch” from the Etruscans.
• The Romans received their great building skills from Greek influence.
• The Romans built many beautiful, and massive monuments.
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Military Organization
• The Roman Army was the first army to organize a legion.
• A Legion was the basic unit in the Roman Army.
• It consisted of about 5,000 men and could include many different military positions.
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Aqueduct
• The ancient Romans built many aqueducts to transport water to cities.
• The length, height, and size would often be different. For example, large cities required massive aqueducts, while smaller cities and populations only required smaller ones.
• There were aqueducts throughout the empire.
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Pax Romana
• These words in Latin mean Roman Peace.
• The Roman peace lasted for 207 years and was created by Emperor Augustus.
• During this time there was very little military or expansion.
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Politics
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Emperor Augustus
• Augustus was born Gaius Augustus around 63 B.C.E.
• His uncle was Julius Caesar, which had the greatest influence on his life.
• After Caesar was murdered, Rome fell into civil war, which lasted for thirteen years. Augustus merged as the Ruler.
• He referred to call himself as “First Citizen” instead of King.
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Julius Caesar
• Julius Caesar lived from about 100 B.C. till 44 B.C. and was a Roman military and political leader.
• He was a key factor in the transition from the Roman Republic to a dictatorship.
• Julius was murdered on the Ides of March or as we know it March 15th.
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The Roman Republic
• The Republic was a Republican form of government in Ancient Rome.
• The Republic lasted for over 450 years until it was destroyed through a series of civil wars.
• The form of government that followed was Emperors.
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Political Violence
• The Roman Senate was full of violence. Ex.: (when disagreements between members of the Senate murder often followed.)
• When a Senator was insulted he could tell his body guard to kill the insulter.
• An example was when Julius Caesar was stabbed 23 times causing his death within the Senate.
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Economy
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Inflation
• The Romans suffered severely from inflation after the rule of Marcus Aurelius.
• After the Romans stopped moving their borders the flow of gold into Rome stopped.
• When the coins were made with less gold, they became worth less than before.
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Growing Gap Between the Rich and Poor
• The percent difference between the rich and poor in Ancient Rome was 10% to 90%.
• While Rome was expanding the gap kept increasing.
• If someone lost their wealth, they would be sold into slavery.
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Unemployment
• During the latter part of the Roman Empire farming was done by slaves on large estates.
• Many farmers couldn’t compete with the rich and eventually went looking for other jobs.
• At one point there were thousands of poor people searching for food and jobs.
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Stable Roman Currency
• There were gold, silver, bronze, and copper coins in the Empire.
• They were also excepted as payments in Greece.
• The most common coins were the gold and bronze coins.
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Social Structure
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Patricians
• The word “patrician” means a group of rich families.
• They were considered themselves the best and rulers of Rome.
• Originally only patricians were Senate members.
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Plebeians
• The plebeians were considered to be the working class of ancient Rome.
• Their apartments were usually 3 to 4 stories high, and were hot, smelly, and had no bathrooms.
• Plebeian children often did not attend school instead they followed their parents career.
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The role of women
• Women wore long togas made of silk in the summer and wool in the winter.
• Also, they always wore make up, jewelry, and fixed their hair.
• The women were expected to stay home and do work around the house, and watch the children.
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The role of men
• If you were a Senate member you would wear a toga with a gold or purple stripe.
• All men had their hair cut and arms shaved.
• If you were rich you had a great life, however if you were poor you struggled.
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What I think was the most important idea of Ancient Rome.• The most important idea about Ancient
Rome I think is the unemployment. I think this because it was one of the main reasons of Rome's downfall and also it sent thousands of people to the streets.