5 yr plans of india & niti aayog

5 Year plans of IndiaBy:

Alka MishraM. Sc. Nursing 1st yr

Index

• Introduction• History• Plans• 12th FYP• NITI AAYOG• Conclusion • Summey

Plan• Spells out how the resources of a nation

should be put to use.• Has some general goals as well as specific

objectives, which are to be achieved within a specified period of time.

History of Five year Plans• Borrowed the concept of five-year plans from the

former soviet union, the pioneer in national planning• Jawaharlal Nehru was impressed with the

remarkable successes in industrialization achieved by the USSR in their initial five year plans

• India has an extensive network setup to formulate 5-year plans under the supervision of the planning commission

characteristics of plan

• Spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use.

• Has some general goals as well as specific objectives, which are to be achieved within a specified period of time.

Why to PlanSome of the problems necessitated need for an

immediate plan:– Vicious circle of poverty – Low Per Capita Income– High Rate of Growth of Population.– Low Level of Literacy.– Backward Technology.– Foreign Trade. – Need for Rapid industrialization

Objectives of Planning• Central objective - raise the standard of living of

the people– To increase per capita and NI– Higher level of employment– Growth with social justice– Increasing industrial output– To remove bottlenecks in agriculture, manufacturing

industry– Reduction of inequality in income– Modernization – Self- reliance

Functions

To make an assessment of the material, capital and human resources of the country, including

technical personnel andTo investigate the possibilities of augmenting such of

those resources as are found to be deficient in relation to the nation’s requirements.

Conted…• To formulate a plan for the most effective and

balanced utilization of the country s resources. • To determine priorities as between projects and

programmes accepted in the plan.

• To indicate the factors that retard economic development and to determine conditions which should be established for the success of the plan.

Stages in Planning• Formulation- by planning commission. In this stage,

planning commission prepares draft that goes to National development council. The council then endorse the draft, and it is forwarded to Parliament.

• Adoption- By Parliament • Approval- After the approval of Parliament only, the

draft becomes the planned document. • Execution-By executive • Supervision- By Officials

Pre-conditions of Planning• Collection of Statistical Data- If at collection stage

data is incorrect or irrelevant or collected half heartedly then economic planning won‘t be effective at all.

• Economic Organization • Government Setup • Public Cooperation- Citizen must provide every

information so that government can formulate policies for their betterment.

Organizational set up

• Planning commission was a statuary body • set up by a Resolution of the Government of

India in March 1950. It has following members:• Chairman ( Prime Minister)• Deputy Chairman• Secretary• Joint Secretary• Four Members

Planning Commission Divisions

• Planning Areas is divided under the following sectors:Agriculture

InfrastructureSocial SectorOther sectors/ Areas

• There are total 31 subdivisions of planning commission under these major divisions.

5 year plans• First plan (1951-1956)- Javaharlal Nehru • Second plan (1956-1961)- Prasanta Chandra • Third plan (1961-1966) -• Fourth plan (1969-1974)- Indira Gandhi • Fifth plan (1974-1979)- Morarji Desai • Sixth plan (1980-1985)- Rajiv Gandhi • Seventh plan (1985-1989)

• Period between 1989-91• Eighth plan (1992-1997)• Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002)• Tenth plan (2002-2007)• Eleventh plan (2007-2012)

FIVE YEAR PLAN

HEALTH ALLOCATION(%GDP)

HEALTH RELATED FEATURES IMPORATANE POINTS

1ST Plan (1951-1956)

3.4Provision of water supply and sanitation Control of malaria Preventive health care of the rural population through the health units and mobile units Health services for the mother and children Education and training and health education Self sufficiency in drugs and equipment Family planning and population control

Important features:National family planning programmeNational malaria control programmeNational water supply and sanitation programmeNational filarial control programmeNational leprosy control programme

PLAN HEALTH ALLOCATION (%GDP)

HEALTH FEATURES IMPOTANT POINTS

2ND PLAN (1956-1961

3Establishment of institutional facilities to serve as a basis from which services could be rendered to the people locally and in surrounding territories. Development of technical manpower through appropriate training programmes Intensifying measures to control widely spread communicable diseases Encouraging active campaign for environmental hygiene. Provision of family planning and other supporting services for raising health standard of the people.

National Venereal Disease Control ProgrammeNational Malaria Eradication Programme


HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT FEATURES

3RD PLAN(1961-1966)

2.7 Water supply environmental sanitation [rural & Urban] Health care [ hospitals and dispensaries] Control of communicable diseases Medical education, research and training Other services- health education, school health, MCH, mental health, health insurance ISM and Family planning

National Trachoma Control Proigramme


HEALTH FEATURES IMPORTANT POINTS

4TH PLAN(1969-1974)

2.17.2% was allocated to health services.Certain objectives of the Mudaliar Committee were the base for the fourth FYP in relation to health. These are as follows: To provide an effective base for health services in rural areas by strengthening the primary health centres. Strengthening of sub-divisional and district hospitals to provide effective referral services for primary health centre, and Expansion of the medical and nursing education and training of paramedical personnel to meet the minimum technical manpower requirements.

42% health care plan allocation was for family planningNo emphasis on preventive & Curative sectors



5TH PLAN(1974-1979)

2.1Increasing accessibility of health services to rural areas Correcting regional imbalance Further development of referral services by removing deficiencies, in district and sub-divisional hospitals. Integration of health, family planning and nutrition Intensification of the control and eradication of communicable diseases especially malaria and small pox Quantitative improvement in the education and training of health personnel by converting unipurpose workers to multipurpose workers, Development of referral services by providing specialists attention to common diseases in rural areas.

Kartar Singh committee also known as MPHW Committee



6TH PLAN (1980-1985)

1.7 Elementary education Adult education Rural health Rural water supply Rural road Rural electrification House sites / houses for rural landless labourers, Environmental improvement of slums Nutrition

Health for all by 200 AdAdoption of national Health PolicyNational Guinea worm eradication programmeLeprosy control programme changed to Leprosy eradication Programme



7TH PLAN(1985-1989)

1.9 Augment the minimum need programmeMulti purpose worker trainingControl of communicable diseases e.g. Malaria, TB, Leprosy, Blindness controlRe-orientation of Medical EducationEmphasis on Medical research

Multi purpose worker training started



8TH PLAN (1992-1997)

1.9A National Policy on Education in Health Sciencesprogramme to control communicable & vector born diseases The States will be given flexibility in establishing health care units as per the local needs In opening new centres the needs of tribal population and communities living in difficult and inaccessible areas will be given first priorityContaining population growth one of the six most important objectives of the Eighth Plan, CBR 29.9 /1000in 1990 to 26 /1000by 1997. The IMR 80 /1000 live births in 1990 to 70 by 1997

Child Survival & safe motherhood Programme startedSpecial emphasis on Indian system of Medicine and Homeopathy

PLAN HEALTH ALLOCATION(%GDP)


9TH PLAN (1997 - 2002)

1.8operational health information system andMulti professional education to promote team workSkill upgradation of all categories of health personnel, by continuing educationImproving operational efficiency through health services research.Increasing awareness through health education.Increasing accountability and responsiveness to health needs of the by Panchayati Raj institutionsMaking use of available local and community resources

Develop Disease Surveillance & Response mechanismRCH-I startedImplementation of management system for emergency, disaster, accident & trauma care at all levels of health care



10TH Plan (2002-2007)

1.6 Health care systemQuality and accountability in health careinfection control and waste management in health care settingsprevention & management of NCDsEnvironmental and occupational healthscreening common nutritional diseases

Planning commission started work on preparing a National Vision 2020 documentNRHMIDSP



11TH PLAN(2007-2012)

0.9(1.4 including water & sanitation)

Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 per 1000 live births Reduce TFR to 2.1 Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slip-backs Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present levelReduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the plan

ISM & H at PHC levelEmphasis on District Health plan & Block Health planHighest priority to HIV specially FemalesRecommended special measures prevent discrimination & empower them to lead a dignified life

REAL STORY

Country 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000-2006

Brazil 5.9 8.5 3.0 1.7 3.1

China 3.0 7.4 9.8 10.0 9.5

India 4.0 2.9 5.6 5.7 7.0

Indonesia 3.7 7.8 6.4 4.8 4.9

Korea 8.3 8.3 7.7 6.3 5.2

Mexico 6.8 6.4 2.3 3.4 2.9

Philippines 5.1 5.8 2.0 2.8 4.8

S.Africa 6.1 3.3 2.2 1.4 4.1

Thailand 7.8 7.5 7.3 5.3 5.0

Real GDP Growth

Source World Development Indicators, World Bank

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS1996 2001 2006 2011

Population(million) 934.22 1012.39 1094.13 1178.89

Urban Population(%)

27.23 28.77 30.35 31.99

Sex Ratio( males for 100 females)

107.9 107.2 106.6 106.0

Projection of national poverty ratio

1996-97 2001-02 2006-07 2011-12

Rural 30.55 18.61 9.64 4.31

Urban 25.58 16.46 9.28 4.49

Total 29.18 17.98 9.53 4.37

Literacy rates

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 20090.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

18.33%

28.90%34.45%

43.57%52.21%

65.38%

79.90%

percentage of literates

percentage of literates

I Plan

(1951-56)

II Plan

(1956-61)

III Plan

(1961-66)

Annual Plan

(1966-69)

IV Plan (1

969-74)

V Plan (1

974-79)

1979-80 Outla

y

VI Plan

(1980-85)

VII Plan

(1985-90)

Annual Plan

(1990-91)

Annual Plan

(1991-92)

VIII Plan

(1992-97)

IX Plan(1997-02)

X Plan (2

002-07)

XI Plan

(2007-12)

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

3.50%

% Investment in Healthin Five Year Plans

% In Health

12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN• The government on 4th October approved the 12th five year

plan (2012-17) • growth rate of 8.2 per cent, down from 9 per cent envisaged

earlier, in view of fragile global recovery. The theme of the Approach Paper is “faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth” .

• During the 11th Plan (2007-12), India has recorded an average economic growth rate of 7.9 per cent. This, however, is lower than the 9 per cent targeted in 11th Plan.

• 12th Plan seeks to achieve 4 per cent agriculture sector growth during 2012-17.

• The growth target for manufacturing sector has been pegged at 10 percent. The total plan size has been estimated at Rs.47.7 lakh crore, 135 per cent more that for the 11th Plan (2007-12).

objectives• Faster, More Inclusive, and Sustainable Growth.• Could aim at 9.0 to 9.5 percent• For growth to be more inclusive we need: Better

performance in agriculture• Faster creation of jobs, especially in manufacturing• Stronger efforts at health, education and

Infrastructure. • Special plans for disadvantaged/backward region

Strategies

• To strengthen initiatives taken in 11th plan• To expand the reach of health care services

and work towards long term objective of establishing a system of Universal Health Coverage in the country.

IMPORTANT FEATURES• 12th plan envisage Universalisation of Secondary Education by

2017.

• In 11th plan, the total public spending on health (combined of state and centre) was less than 1% of GDP. 12th plan aims to increase it to 2.5% of GDP by the end of 12th plan.

• India has evolved National Action Plan for Climate Change with eight component mission. 12th plan considers it for implementation to achieve target of 20% to 25%reduction in emission intensity of GDP over 2005 levels by 2020.

CONTED....• IMR (infant mortality rate) was 47 in 2010 and

12th plan aims to bring it down to 25 per 1000 live birth by the end of plan period.

• 12th plan aims to bring down MMR ( maternal mortality rate) to 1 per 1000 live birth by the end of plan period.

• Not even single Indian university figures in list of top 200 universities in the world.12th plan aims to get 5 Indian university in the list.

CONTED....• Even after 65 years of Independence, we have 45%

of households do not have electricity connections.

• 11th plan added 55,000 MW of generation capacity which was short of target set and 12th plan envisages to add 88,000 MW by the end of plan period.

• 12th plan envisages to add 30,000 MW of renewable energy capacity.

CONTED...• 12th plan envisages to electrify all the villages

and to reduce AT & C losses to 20% by the end of 12th plan.

• The total investment in infrastructure in 12th plan is estimated to be Rs. 55.7 lakh crore ,which works out to be $1trillion at prevailing exchange rates.

CONTED....• The share of private investment in total investment

in infrastructure rose from 22% in Tenth Plan to 36.6% in 11th Plan. it will have to increase to 48% in 12th plan to meet infrastructure investment target.

• More than 40% of household avail no banking facility at all in country. insurance premia account for less than 1% of GDP, which is just one third of international average.

CONTED....• We have capacity to treat only 30% of human

waste we generate.• Just two cities, Delhi and Mumbai, which

generate 17% of country’s urban sewage have about 40% of total installed capacity.

• 12th plan envisages that no water scheme in urban Indian will be sanctioned without integrated scheme for sewage treatment

CONTED....• Every state in 12th plan must have an average

growth rate preferably higher than achieved in 11th plan.

• Head count ratio of consumption poverty is to be reduced by 10% points over the preceding estimates by the end of this plan.

• Generate 50 million new job opportunities in non-farm sector and provide skill certification to equivalent no. during 12th plan period.

CONTED.....• Mean year of schooling to increase to 7 years by

the end of 12th plan.

• Enhanced access to higher education by creation of 2 million additional seats cohort aligned to the skill needs of economy.

• Eliminate gender and social gap in school enrolment by the end of 12th plan .

CONTED......• Improve child sex ratio (0-6) to 950 by the end of

12th plan.• Reduce fertility rate to 2.1 by the end of 12th plan.• Reduce under nutrition among children aged 0-3

to half of the NFHS-3 level by the end of 12th plan.• Increase investment in infrastructure to 9% of

GDP by the end of 12th plan.• Increase Gross Irrigated area from 90 million

hectares to 103 million hectares by the end of 12th plan.

CONTED....• Connect all villages with all-weather road by the

end of 12th plan.• Upgrade national and state highways to

minimum two-lane standard by the end of 12th plan.

• Complete Eastern and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor by the end of 12th plan.

• Increase rural tele-density to 70% by the end of 12thplan. Currently it is 40.81%.

CONTED....• Ensure 50% of rural population has access to

piped drinking water supply and 50% of Gram Panchayat achieve Nirmal Gram Status by the end of 12th plan.

• Increase Green Cover (as measured by Satellite Imagery)by 1 million hectare every year during 12th plan period

Important Features& Outcome Indicators

• Reduction of IMR - 25• Reduction of MMR – 100• Reduction of TFR – 2:1• Prevention & reduction of under nutrition of in children under

3years to half of 2005-06 levels• Prevention & reduction of anaemia among women aged 15 –

49years to 28%• Raising child sex ratio in 0 – 6 yrs age group to 950• Reduction in poor household’s out of poket expenditure on

health• Prevention and reduction of burden of communicable

diseases ( including mental illnesses) & injuries (as shown in table)

Communicable disease outcome Disease 12th Plan Goal

• Tuberculosis Reduce annual incidence & mortality by half

• Leprosy Reduce incidence – o Prevalence -<1 / 10,000• Malaria Annual incidence -<1/ 1000• Filariasis <1 % microfilaria prevalence/ district• Dengue &chikungunya ( Sustaining case fatality rate<1%

Containment of outbreaks)• Japanese Encephalitis Reduction in mortality by 30%• Kala-azar Elimination by 2015 i.e. <1%10,000 in all blocks• HIV/AIDS Reduce new infection to 0 & provide comprehensive care to those

living with HIV/AIDS

National health programmes

Public health systemThe objective “fulfill society's interest in assuring conditions in

which people can be healthy.” • The three core public health functions are:

– Assessment and monitoring in order to identify health problems and priorities;

– Formulation of public policies to solve local and national health problems and to set priorities; and

– To ensure that every person has access to appropriate and cost-effective care.

• Recommendations:– Developing and deploying a Public Health Cadre.– Territorial responsibility of Public Health officials.– Training for Public Health functionaries at all levels:

Conted...• Decentralization of responsibilities by involving Local Self-Government

Bodies:

• Regular, institution based health checks:

• Attention to balanced nutrition:

• Health Education campaign:

• Standards, regulations and Acts for public health:

• Enhancing community participation in planning, implementation,

monitoring and evaluation

• Occupational health:

Tertiary care systemCurrent Scenario:Total No. of medical colleges = 335 Annual Training Capacity (UG) = 41569 Annual Training Capacity (PG) = 20858 Bed Strength = 2 lac (approx.)Private hospitals .Target:• Doctor : Population = 1 : 2000 (approx.)• Nurse : Population = 1 : 1130• Nurse : Physician = 1.5 : 1

Conted......Projected Scenario:

• Doctor –Population Ratio = 1:2000 (existing approx.)

• Registered doctors =7.5 lakhs

• Active =5.5 lakhs.

• Existing training capacity (MBBS) = 41569

• Targeted training capacity (MBBS) = 80,000 (By

2021)

Conted...............• Existing training capacity (PG) = 20868

• Targeted training capacity (PG) = 45, 000 (By

2021)

• Doctor –Population Ratio = 1:1000 (Targeted)

• To achieve this, an additional 5.5 lakh doctors

required which will be available by 2020.

Under wt children

Out of pocket expenditure

Niti aayog• National Institution for Transforming India Aayog

(Hindi नीति� आयोग niti aayog, Policy Commission) is a Government of India policy think-tank established by Prime Minister Narendra Modii after his having dissolved the Planning Commission. Pronounced nithi, meaning "policy" in Hindi, the acronym stands for National Institution for Transforming India. "Aayog'" is the Hindi word for "commission".

• The Union Government of India announced formation of NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015,

Organizational setupThe NITI Aayog comprises the following:• Prime Minister of India as the Chairperson• Governing Council comprising the Chief Ministers of all the

States and Union territories with Legislatures and lieutenant governors of other Union Territories.

• Regional Councils will be formed to address specific issues and contingencies for a specified tenure.

• The Regional Councils will be convened by the Prime Minister and will comprise of the Chief Ministers of States and Lt. Governors of Union Territories in the region. These will be chaired by the Chairperson of the NITI Aayog or his nominee

• Experts, specialists and practitioners with relevant domain• Full-time organizational framework (in addition to Prime

Minister as the Chairperson) comprising

Conted......– Vice-Chairperson: Arvind Panagariya– Members: Three (3) Full-time: economist Bibek Debroy, former

DRDO chief V.K. Saraswat and Agriculture Expert Professor Ramesh Chand

– Part-time members: Maximum of two from leading universities research organizations and other relevant institutions in an ex-officio capacity. Part-time members will be on a rotational basis

– Ex Officio members: Maximum of four members of the Union Council of Ministers to be nominated by the Prime Minister

– Chief Executive Officer: To be appointed by the Prime Minister for a fixed tenure, in the rank of Secretary to the Government of India. Sindhushree Khullar appointed as the Chief Executive Officer.

– Secretariat as deemed necessary

objectives• An administration paradigm in which the

Government is an "enabler" rather than a "provider of first and last resort."

• Progress from "food security" to focus on a mix of agricultural production, as well as actual returns that farmers get from their produce.

• Ensure that India is an active player in the debates and deliberations on the global commons.

• Ensure that the economically vibrant middle-class remains engaged, and its potential is fully realized.

Conted......• Leverage India's pool of entrepreneurial, scientific and

intellectual human capital.• Incorporate the significant geo-economic and geo-

political strength of the Non-Resident Indian Community.

• Use urbanization as an opportunity to create a wholesome and secure habitat through the use of modern technology.

• Use technology to reduce opacity and potential for misadventures in governance.

strategies• Leveraging of India's demographic dividend,

and realization of the potential of youth, men and women, through education, skill development, elimination of gender bias, and employment

• Elimination of poverty, and the chance for every Indian to live a life of dignity and self-respect

• Readdressal of inequalities based on gender bias, caste and economic disparities

Conted.............• Integrate villages institutionally into the

development process• Policy support to more than 50 million small

businesses, which are a major source of employment creation

• Safeguarding of our environmental and ecological assets.

conclusion• The concept of five year plan was adapted at the time when the economy of

the country was in dust. The British had left the Indian economy crippled and the fathers of development formulated 5 years plan to develop the Indian economy. At that time resources were scattered and scarce, central command on planning was more relevant, as we grew as independent economy some of the states prospered more while some are left far behind, this coupled with the state specific resource and need, made it more relevant that planning should be more at state level, rather than central, it should be more relevant, and specific to the place where it is going to be implemented. Also in recent years the planning commission found itself restricted with red tape and lost its credibility and relevance. The NITI Aayog took place of planning commission on the principals of cooperative federalism, giving states a more free hand in planning and implementation of schemes, but the contribution and role of five year plan in development of India as a nation and as an economy will always be revered.

summary• Five year plans were considered as the back

bone of planning in India, Although they helped India to achieve and realise many goals but also they failed to initiate comprehensive growth of India.

5 yr plans of india & niti aayog

Healthcare

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