5. What is Islam?

Arabia is a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf

Vocabulary

Red Sea

Persian Gulf

Arabs

Polytheists

To preach (teach religious message)

Mecca

Muhammad

Allah

Hegira (622)

Koran

Faith

Shahadah (testimony of faith)

Salah (to pray, prayer)

Hajj (pilmigrage, pilgrim)

Swam (Ramadam)

Zakah (alms, charity)

Jihad (Holy War)

Five Pillars

A mosque: temple for prayingMosques are buildings for praying in public, especially on

Fridays.

Parts of the mosque

A minaret

The muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from here.

The minaret of Samarra (Irak) Spiral, helicoidal.

More minarets

Kairouan (Tunisia) Marrakeck (Morocco)

Blue mosque (Turkey)

Taj Mahal (India)

After going through the door, there is a courtyard with an ablutions

fountain

A prayer hall

This place, covered area with columns, is where the Muslims pray

Prayer hall in Cordoba

The quibla is the wall orientated towards the city of Mecca

The mirhab

Is a small niche in the quibla

where the Koran is kept.

A mimbar or pulpit is the place where the imam (the muslim priest) leads the prayers from here

Vocabulary

A minaret

An ablutions fountain

A prayer hall

A quibla

A mihrab

A mimbar

The Imam

Islaminc Art

Remember, in Islamic Art there are not many sculptures and

paintings, because the Koran did not allow the representation of Muhammad, Allah, animals or

people.

6. How did Islam evolve?

Vocabulary

Caliph

Descendants

Umayyad

Abbasid

Damascus

Baghdad

Agriculture

Craftsmanship

Trade

Merchants

Souk (Arab market)

Gunpowder

Compass (before GPS)

The expansion of IslamThe highest authority of the empire was the CALIPH. Below him, the VIZIER (Prime Ministre) and the EMIR (governor in the provinces).

The first four caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Alí) were direct descendants of Muhammad.

Until 661, the Muslims controlled the Arabian Peninsula.This year, Caliph Alí was assassinated and the Umayyad family took

political power.Schism between Sunni and Shia.

The Umayyad period661-750

During this period the title of Caliph became hereditary.

They moved the capital to Damascus (actual Syria).

They conquered more territories, from Persia to the Iberian Peninsula.

The Abbasid period750-1258

In 750, a rebelion killed all the Umayyad family. The only survivor, Abd al Rhaman I, founded an independent emirate in Cordoba.

Baghdad became a capital.

It was a wealthy economic period.

Internal fighting broke up the empire making the Ottomans (Turks) the most powerful people in the Islamic world.

Baghdad

Websites

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6WYu-pSXH8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohSapg0LBiY