1.3 What are the needs of Organisms? 5 Things Living Organisms Need 1-___________________________ -Organisms get energy from ___________ in order to ______________. *Autotrophs: organisms that can ____________________________

_____________________ (i.e. plants)

*Heterotrophs: organisms that _____________________________________ (i.e. humans) 2-___________________________ -____________ use water to make _____________ and about ____________________________

is made up of water. 3-_____________________ -A ______________________________. -_________________________ to breathe and give off carbon dioxide. -________________________________ and give off oxygen. 4-______________________________ -Warm-blooded animals have a __________________________________. When environmental

temperatures change, the body temperature stays about the same. -__________________________ is the process of keeping conditions inside the body constant,

no matter the conditions outside the body. It is like a thermostat.

-Cold-blooded animals don’t have a constant temperature. Their _______________

_______________________________ depending on the temperature in their environment.

5-__________________________________ -All organisms _____________________ for a place to live. Their living space needs to provide

___________________, water, air, ________________, and be at the proper temperature.

11.1 What is Ecology? -__________________ is the study of the relationship between ___________________________

and their _________________________. -__________________ are the scientists who study how living things adapt to their environment. -Green plants get ________________ from _________ and get carbon dioxide from the ______.

They use _______________, water, minerals, carbon dioxide ___________________ and _________________________ for energy. Plants also use _____ for cellular respiration.

-_______________ can get nutrients and energy by _______________ or other _____________. -Organisms interact/act upon each other and the _____________________ in their environment. -____________________ of an ecosystem are ______________ factors (living) and __________

factors (nonliving)-light, temperature, and atmospheric gases)

12.1 What are producers and consumers? _________________:

Organism that makes its own food

i.e. plants, algae and phytoplankton

__________________:

Organism that obtains food by eating other organisms

herbivore—consumer that only eats plants (rabbits, cows) carnivore—consumer that only eats animals (tigers, dogs) omnivore—consumer that eats both plants and animals (humans)

Scavengers: Only _________________________ that have ________ or killed by other animals i.e. vultures, hyenas, certain ants, beetles and worms Decomposers: Organisms that ___________________ the wastes or ___________________ of

dead organisms. They _________________________ from the dead organism ____________________, air, and water. i.e. bacteria and fungi

_______________ Consumers

*Eat Producers i.e caterpillars eat leaves

____________________________ Consumers *Eat primary consumers

i.e. Tree frogs eat plant eating animals like caterpillars _____________________________ Consumers

*Eat secondary consumers i.e Toucans, a bird, eat tree frogs and snakes

11.2 What is an ecosystem?

Population: All the _________________________ living in a __________________________.

Different populations can all live together in the same environment. Community: All the ______________________________ live and interact together in the

________________ environment. Ecosystem: ________ of communities that _________ with each other and the water, air, & soil. i.e. desert lakes puddle of water rotting log ponds rivers Ecosystem self-support themselves

1- Produces Energy—____________ 2- __________ Energy—sun to plants plants to animals animals to animals 3- Breakdown of ___________________

—decomposed organisms are reused by other organisms

4- ________________—materials used over and over

11.3 What are habitats and niches? -There are many different types of _______________ or places where

_____________________________. A habitat provides food,

water, and shelter. -Each organism has _________________ they play in their community. A ____________ is the

__________________________________ in its habitat.

-Organisms can have the ______________________________,

but _______________ have the ___________________.

Some times populations may _____________________

and adapt to one another.

11.4 What are limiting factors? -Limiting __________: condition in the environment that _______________________________

the size a population can grow to i.e. plants amount of sunlight, type of ________, amount of __________ animals temperature, _____________ and food supply, ___________ -The size of the animal population depends on the size of the plant population.

11.5 What are biomes?

-Climate is the ____________________________ over a _______________________________. It determines the kind of plants and animals in an environment.

-A _________________ is a large region with the __________________________ of animals

and plants. Every type of biome has a certain climate and type of soil. 7 Major Land Biomes Tundra: permanently frozen ground found in the North with the coldest climate

Plants -mosses, lichens, grasses, small flowers, shrubs

Animals - birds, wolves, foxes, reindeer

Taiga: located south of the tundra with a cold climate

Coniferous Trees - evergreens

Animals - moose, squirrels, rabbits, beavers

Temperate deciduous forest: south of the taiga with a moderate climate that has a long growing season and a cold winter

Deciduous Trees - oak, maple, birch

- many kinds of animals and birds

Temperate grasslands: found in the middle of a continent with a moderate climate but little rain for tall trees to grow; used for farming -large herds of animals feed off of different types of grasses

Savannas: found closer to the equator -large herds of animals feed off of different types of grasses, trees and shrubs

Tropical rain forest: located in areas near the equator that receive a lot of rain and is hot -tall trees and different kinds of plants along with many types of animals

Deserts: temperatures are moderate/hot with little rain

Plants -cacti & few other plants grow

Animals - birds, lizards, scorpions

Minor biomes

Polar ice biome: located around the North and South poles with thick sheets of ice & cold temperatures -penguins

Chaparral: found in coastal areas with mild and rainy winters and long, dry summers