5 Ship Reporting

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Ship Routing and Reporting


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Road Map Main Issues:

Introductions Historical background

Definitions - Abbreviations

VTS Types and Services

Legal Issues; International Standards; Security

ATC VTS; World VTS Guide; VTS vs MRCC

Ship Reporting; Surveillance; Identification

New Technologies; Communications (SMCPs)

Training Issues

Risk Assessment; High Risk Vessels; PSSAs

VTMIS; VTMIS Net;

VTS Research; Sources of Information; Int Conferences

Costs

Human Factors and Fatigue VTS / Risk March 20092


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Safety Management


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This (FSA) Involves:

Hazard Identification

Risk Assessment

Risk Control and Mitigation options

(management)

Cost benefit assessment of options

Final Decision and selection of options


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Hazard

A potential undesired outcome (such as

human injury, damage to property, or harm

to the environment), in the process of

meeting an objective


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Types of Hazard

Physical hazards: These include noise, radiation (ionising,

electromagnetic or non-ionising), heat, cold, vibration and pressure.

Chemical hazards: Through a variety of actions, chemicals can cause

damage to health and property. Some of these actions are

explosiveness, flammability, corrosion, oxidation, poisoning, toxicity,carcinogenicity.

Biological hazards: Mainly from infection or allergic reaction. Biological

hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other organisms.

E

rgonomic hazards: These are hazards from poor work design, layout oractivity. Examples of ergonomic problems include manual handling,

workplace layout and task design.

Psychological hazards: Stress, violence at work, long working hours, lack

of control in decision making about work can all contribute to poor work

performance.


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Hazard Identification

Preliminary Hazard Analysis

Brainstorming (Focus group)

What if approach

HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) study

Check List (previous experience)


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Examples:

Earthquakes, Flood

Inflation, depression

Equipment failure

Human Factors; errors, and violations (including

management)

Grounding, collision

Outcome: (prioritized) List of hazard


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Risk

(Relates to something which may happen in the

future)

A measure of hazards significance involvingmeasurement of its consequence and probability

of occurrence

Risk = Likelihood X Consequence


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Risk Assessment

Probability assessment

Consequence assessment


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Risk Assessment - Quantit

FMEA Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

Fault Tree Analysis

Event Tree Analysis


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Risk Matrix

Severe Accept

Caution

Un Un

Moderate Acceptable Accept Caution

Un

Minor Acceptable Acceptable Accept

Caution

Impact /Likelihood

Low Medium High


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Risk Reduction

ALARP considerations

Consider reducing P or C or both

Management input safety culture

Engineering input design issues

Operational input human issues

Cost Benefit Analysis


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System Safety Analysis

Risk Assessment

What can go wrong,

what is the likelihood,

what are the consequences

Risk Management

Input from Risk Assessment,

economical, legal, environmental considerations, Risk based decision analysis

Risk Communications


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Ship Routing & Reporting


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Ship Routing SLOAS V

Ships' routeing systems contribute to safety of life at sea,

safety and efficiency of navigation and/or protection of

the marine environment. Ships' routeing systems are

recommended for use by, and may be made mandatory

for, all ships, certain categories of ships or ships carrying

certain cargoes, when adopted and implemented in

accordance with the guidelines and criteria developed by

the Organization.

VTS / Risk March 200916


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The Organization is recognized as the only international

body for developing guidelines, criteria and regulations on

an international level for ships' routeing systems.

Contracting Governments shall refer proposals for the

adoption of ships' routeing systems to the Organization.

The Organization will collate and disseminate to

Contracting Governments all relevant information with

regard to any adopted ships' routeing systems.



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The initiation of action for establishing a ships' routeing

system is the responsibility of the Government or

Governments concerned. In developing such systems for

adoption by the Organization, the guidelines and criteria

developed by the Organization shall be taken into account.



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Ships' routeing systems should be submitted to the

Organization for adoption. However, a Government or

Governments implementing ships' routeing systems not

intended to be submitted to the Organization for adoption

or which have not been adopted by the Organization are

encouraged to take into account, wherever possible, the

guidelines and criteria developed by the Organization.



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Where two or more Governments have a common interest

in a particular area, they should formulate joint proposals

for the delineation and use of a routeing system therein on

the basis of an agreement between them. Upon receipt of

such proposal and before proceeding with consideration of

it for adoption, the Organization shall ensure details of the

proposal are disseminated to the Governments which have

a common interest in the area, including countries in the

vicinity of the proposed ships routeing system.VTS / Risk March 200920


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Contracting Governments shall adhere to the measures

adopted by the Organization concerning ships' routeing.

They shall promulgate all information necessary for the safe

and effective use of adopted ships' routeing systems. A

Government or Governments concerned may monitor

traffic in those systems. Contracting Governments shall do

everything in their power to secure the appropriate use of

ships' routeing systems adopted by the Organization.



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A ship shall use a mandatory ships' routeing system adopted

by the Organization as required for its category or cargo

carried and in accordance with the relevant provisions in

force unless there are compelling reasons not to use a

particular ships' routeing system. Any such reason shall be

recorded in the ships' log.



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Mandatory ships' routeing systems shall be reviewed by the

Contracting Government or Governments concerned in

accordance with the guidelines and criteria developed by

the Organization.

All adopted ships' routeing systems and actions taken to

enforce compliance with those systems shall be consistent

with international law, including the relevant provisions of

the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Nothing in this regulation nor its associated guidelines and

criteria shall prejudice the rights and duties of Governments

under international law or the legal regimes of straits used

for international navigation and archipelagic sea lanes.



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Ship Reporting

Mandatory ship reporting system means a ship

reporting system that requires the participation of

specified vessels or classes of vessels, and that is

established by a government or governments afteradoption of a proposed system by the International

Maritime Organization (IMO) as complying with all

requirements of regulation V/81 of the

International Convention for the Safety of Life atSea, 1974, as amended (SOLAS), except paragraph

(e) thereof.



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Ship Reporting

Shore-based authoritymeans the government

appointed office or offices that will receive the

reports made by ships entering each of the

mandatory ship reporting systems. The office oroffices will be responsible for the management and

coordination of the system, interaction with

participating ships, and the safe and effective

operation of the system. Such an authority may ormay not be an authority in charge of a vessel traffic

service.



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World VTS Guide


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5 Ship Reporting

Documents

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