5 Shaper and Planer

7/30/2019 5 Shaper and Planer

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Assistant Professor

Mechanical Engineering Department

NIT Warangal 506 004Disclaimer

The content presented here is not entirely my own. Some portions are taken from

different sources with great regard. This content is solely for class room teaching andnot for any commercial use.

T. SADASIVA RAO


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Basic geometry forshaping and planing


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Cutting tool in actionFig. Photographic view of a shapingmachine


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Fig. Principle of producing flat surface in shaping machine Version


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Production of Flat Surfaces..

Motions for producing Flat Surface

A

D

Feed

A'

Cut

E

B

'B

CWorkp

iece

De p

th

of

c u

t


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Reciprocating Machine Tools

differentfrom rotary machine tools

A single-point tool moves linearlyrelative to

the work part

ShaperShapingtoolmoves

PlanerPlaningworkpiecemoves


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Basics of Shaping

FIGURE: Basics of shaping and planing.


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Shaper

FIGURE: The most widely used shaper is the

horizontal push-cut machine tool


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Shaper/Shaping Machine

Main PartsBase

Column drive, support & guide ram

Table

hold & feed workpiece

Ram tool head, clapper box

Types of Shaping M/c Horizontal Shaper

Vertical Shaper (Slotting M/c)


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Shaping Operation ..

Machining of inclined surface on shapingmachine

Tool

Workpiece

Inclinedmachinedsurface

Tool head & slide(axis parallel tomachined surface)

Clapper box(axis away fromtoolhead)

Tool holder

located at aconvenient angle

Depth of cut

Movementof the slide

for feed


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Operating Conditions in a Shaping

Machine ..

Length of Stroke L = Lj+ 2 c

Workpiece

c c

Clearance

Return Stroke

Cutting Stroke

Len th of strokeLLj


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1. Table support

2. Table3. Clapper box

4. Apron clamping

bolt

5. Down-feed hand

wheel

6. Swivel base7. Position of stroke

adjustment hand

wheel

8. Ram locking

handle

9. Ram

10. Column

11. Driving pulley

12. Base

13. Feed discFig. Parts of a standard shaper 14. Pawl mechanism

15. Elevating screw


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Shaping Operation

Cutting action and functioning ofclapper box ina shaper

Tool cleared

from machinedsurface

Clapper box

Workpiece

(b) Return stroke

Lifted

clapperbox

(a) Forward/Cutting stroke


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1. Down-feed screw

micrometer dial

2. Down-feed screw

3. Vertical slide4. Apron

5. Apron clamping bolt

6. Clapper box

7. Tool post

8. Washer

9. Apron swivel pin10. Swivel base

Fig. Tool head of a shaper


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1. Driving pinion2. Ram

3. Screwed shaft

4. Clamping lever

5. Hand wheel for position of

stroke adjustment

6. 7. Bevel gears8. Ram block

9. Slotted link or Rocker arm

10. Bull gear sliding block

11. Crank pin

12. Rocker arm sliding block

13. Lead screw14. Bull gear

15. Rocker arm pivot

16. Bull gear slide

17. 18. Bevel gears

Fig. Crank and slotted link mechanism


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Fig. a) Crank pin near bull gear center Fig. b) Crank pin at farthest end

(Short stroke length) (Long stroke length)


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1. Driving pinion2. Ram

3. Screwed shaft

4. Clamping lever

5. Hand wheel for position of

stroke adjustment

6. 7. Bevel gears8. Ram block

9. Slotted link or Rocker arm

10. Bull gear sliding block

11. Crank pin

12. Rocker arm sliding block

13. Lead screw14. Bull gear

15. Rocker arm pivot

16. Bull gear slide

17. 18. Bevel gears


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1. Knob

2. Pin

3. Helical spring

4. Pawl5. Ratchet wheel

6. Rocker arm fulcrum

7. Rocker arm

connecting pin

8. Driving disc

9. Crank pin


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Production of Flat Surfaces

Typical components with flat surfaces


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FIGURE: Typical surfaces machined by shaping and planing.


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Machining

Horizontal surface Vertical surface Angular surface


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Operating Conditions in a Shaping Machine ..

Feed f Feed f is the relative motion of the workpiece in a direction

perpendicular to the axis of reciprocation of the ram

Feed is expressed in mm/double stroke or simply mm/strokebecause no cutting is done in return stroke

Depth of Cut d

Depth of cut dis the thickness of the material removed in one cut, in mm

Depth of cut may be given by the tool head slide or by lifting the table


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Machining Time

Width cut in 1 stroke =fTotal width = w

No. of strokes to m/c total surface = w/fStrokes/mm = NTime for machining surface is

t= w/(f N) min

f mm

w

mm L mm


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Machining Time

Machining time

min

1000

)1(

fv

mwL

Nf

wt

From cutting speed

)1(

1000

1000

)1(

mL

vN

mLNv

Time for machining wx L surface

minNf

wt


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Machining Time

Machining time

min

1000

)1(

fv

mwL

Nf

wt

From cutting speed

)1(

1000

1000

)1(

mL

vN

mLNv

Time for machining wx L surface

minNf

wt


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Material Removal Rate

Material removal rate(MRR) MRR = f d L N(1+m) mm3/min

where dis depth of cut in mm

f is feed in mm/stroke;

N is strokes/min

L is length of stroke in mmm is ratio of return stroke time tocutting stroke time


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Cutting tool in actionFig. Photographic view of a planingmachine


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Schematic of a Planer

FIGURE: Schematic of planers. (a) Double-housing planer with multiple tool

heads (4) and a large reciprocating table; (b) single-housing or open-sided

planer; (c) interchangeable multiple tool holder for use in planers.


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Shaper PlanerThe tool reciprocates while the work is The work reciprocates while the tool isgiven the feed motion. given the feed motion.

Jobs of small size Larger jobs

Accuracy of work is low because of Accuracies are high as the tool isoverhang of the ram. rigidly supported.

Small depths of cut because of less Large depths of cut because of highrigidity rigidity.

Single job Multiple jobs can be machined with the

help of multiple tooling heads.

Work set up is simple Work set up takes longer time.

Relatively lighter, smaller and less Relatively heavier, larger and costliercostly

5 Shaper and Planer

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