5 Phases PMP

7/28/2019 5 Phases PMP

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Weiss & Wysocky, 1992. Sustainable

Project Management, 2005

5-Phase Project Management


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5-Phase Project ManagementWhat is a Project?

Complex and numerous

activities.

Uniquea one-time set of

events

Finitewith a begin and

end date.

Limited resources and

budget

Many people involved,

usually across several

functional areas in the

organizations.

Sequenced activities.

Goal-oriented.

End product or service

must result.


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5-Phase Project ManagementWhat is a Project Management?

PLANNING INVOLVES THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CLEAR AND PRECISE

OBJECTIVES IN ORDER TO REACH A FINAL, STATED GOAL

ORGANIZING ASSEMBLY OF NECESSARY RESOURCES FOR CARRYING OUT

THE WORK DEFINED IN THE PLAN

CONTROLLING MONITOR AND MAINTAIN AS THE PROJECT PROGRESSES

CHANGE

INSTITUTING MECHANISMS NEEDED FOR SITUATIONS THATREQUIRE CHANGE


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5-Phase Project ManagementThe 5-Phase Method

The 5-Phase Method contains specific steps thatexpand the general process into a detailed set ofprocedures.

1. Define (5 Action Steps)

2 Plan (5 Action Steps)

3. Organize (5 Action Steps)

4. Control (5 Action Steps)

5. Close (5 Action Steps)

1 & 2 = Planning; 3, 4 & 5 = Implementation


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5-Phase Project ManagementCauses of Project Failure

1. The Project is a solution in search of a problem.

2. Only the project team is interested in the end result.

3. No one is in charge.

4. The project plan lacks structure.5. The project plan lacks detail.

6. The project is under budgeted.

7. Insufficient resources are allocated.

8. The project is not tracked against its plan.

9. The project team is not communicating.

10. The project strays from its original goals.


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5-Phase Project ManagementProblem Identification

What is theproblem/opportunity?

What is to be done? Who is responsible for the

project?

When must the project be

completed?


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5-Phase Project ManagementProject Goals - Identification

Prepare and launch the new shuttle line Atlantisfrom Earthto the Moon Colony by March 5, 2025.

Connect Italy with Sicily via the new G.Garibaldiworld'slongest single-span suspension bridge and have it open for

traffic no later then July 2008. Design and complete testing by April, 2005, of MS Project

2005, Project Management software.

Obtain an MSc. Degree in the EESI program from theRoyal Institute of Technology by spring next year.


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5-Phase Project ManagementObjectives Milestones

The S.M.A.R.T. methodSpecif ic: Be specif ic in targeting an objective

Measurable: Establish a measurable indicator(s) of progress.

Aassignable: Make the objective capable of being assigned tosomeone for completion.

Reali stic: State what can be realistically achieved withinbudgeted time and resources.

Time-related: State when the objective can be achieved, that is,the duration.


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5-Phase Project ManagementResources, Assumptions and Risks

Determine preliminary resources:1. The resources were determined without project manager input.

2. The project manager determined the needed resources based on the plan.

Identify Assumptions and risks:1. What resources are required to realistically complete this objective? What risks

are associated with obtaining any of these resources in a timely manner?

2. What problems and delays are likely to occur in completing this objective?

3. What effect(s) will delays have on the budget and overall project schedule andplan?

4. What are the probable time, money, and personell cost overruns to completethis project?

5. What assumptions can be made to realistically correctfor delays in completing

this objective within given resources and constraints?


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5-Phase Project ManagementWBS Work Breakdown Structure (1)

WBS is a simple decomposition process, i.e. a

hierarchical representation of the project.

WBS identifies the activities that must be done tobegin

and complete a project.

WBS involves the envisioning of the project as a

hierarchy of a goal, objectives, activities, subactivities

and work packages.

Milestones are events that signify the accomplishment or

completion of major deliverables during a project.


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5-Phase Project ManagementSteps Work Breakdown Structure (3)

Step 1:

Divide the project into its major objectives such that the project is fullydefined by the objectives.

Step 2:

Partition each objective into the activities that must be done in order toaccomplish the objective.

Step 3:

For each activity having one or more missing characteristics divide thatactivity into the subactivities comprising it.

Step 4:

Repeat step 3 until all subactivities have the characteristics desired.

Step 5:

The lowest-level subactivities in the hierarchy will be the basis of the workpackages that must be done in order to complete the project.


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5-Phase Project ManagementGantt Charts (1)

History

developed by Henry Gantt (1861-1919)

First used in Frankford ammunition shops

in 1914 (World War I Naval Ships) Milestone markers, time outlines

Took 80 years to add task dependecies

popular since inception and is widely used

today

precusor of CPM/PERT


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Project management tool

Horizontal line or bar chart

Time ordered listing of planned

events

Visual representation of an

organizations schedule for

milestones

Graph with bar representing

time for each activity

Ideal for starting project work

description schedules and plans activities


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Helps identify

start of activities

end of activities

slack time

amount of time an activity can be

delayed without delaying the project

precedence relationships betweenactivities


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5-Phase Project ManagementPERT Charts (1)

What is a PERT Chart? Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Project management tool

Complex network diagrams

Used to schedule, coordinate and organize tasks within a project

History of PERT Charts United States Navy (Polaris Program) 1958

RAND Corporation Missile Development

Post World War II (1950s) Critical Path Method/Analysis (CPM) Developed by Du Pont 1957

Gives managers greater control of larger projects


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5-Phase Project ManagementHow Charts Are Made

Gantt Charts

Time across the

top Tasks listed

down the sides

Lines connecting

dependent tasks

PERT Charts

Grouped by most critical

path Dependencies are

clearly identified

Task times are included

in boxes / circles


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The Critical Path for a project is that sequence of dependent tasks thathave the largest sum of most likely durations. The critical pathdetermines the earliest possible completion date of the project.

Tasks that are on the critical path cannot be delayed without delayingthe entire project schedule.

The slack time available for any noncritical task is the amount of delay

that can be tolerated between the starting time and completion time of atask without causing a delay in the completion date of the entire project.

For each path, sum the durations of all tasks in the path.The path withthe longest total duration is the Critical Path.The critical path for aproject is that sequence of dependent tasks that have the largest sum ofmost likely durations. The critical path determines the earliestcompletion date of the project.The slack time available for any

noncritical task is the amount of delay that can be tolerated between thestarting time and completion time of a task without causing a delay inthe completion date of the entire project.

5-Phase Project ManagementSteps Critical Path Method (CPM)


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5-Phase Project ManagementCritical Path Method (CPM)

The criticalpath is

highlightedin red

TASKC

Fri 2/9/01 2 days

Fri 2/9/01 0 days

TASKD

Tue 2/20/017 days

Tue 2/20/010 days

TASKI

Tue 2/27/015 days

Tue 2/27/010 days

TASKE

Mon 2/19/016 days

Tue 2/20/011 day

TASKB

Wed 2/7/01 2 days

Wed 2/7/01 0 days

TASKA

Mon 2/5/01 3 days

Mon 2/5/01 0 days

TASKH

Thu 2/15/011 day

Tue 2/20/013 days

TASKF

Wed 2/14/013 days

Fri 2/16/01 2 days

TASKG

Fri 2/16/01 2 days

Tue 2/20/012 days

Duration

Slack Time


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5-Phase Project ManagementTime, Cost and Project Activities

Estimating Activity Time: Optimistic completion time

Pessimistic completion time

Most likely completion time

So we can use this formula to

calculate the EExpectedcompletion time of activity:

Average activity completion time=E = (O+4M+P)/6

Formula gives the weighted average

Estimating Activity Cost:

Labor

Materials

Other direct (travel, telephone,

contracted services, etc.)

Indirect (overhead)

CPM = Critical Path Method

(sequencing and identifying

critical project activities)

5 Phases PMP

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