5 Kingdoms Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Prokarya.

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5 Kingdom s Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Prokarya

Transcript of 5 Kingdoms Kingdom Protoctista Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Prokarya.

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5 Kingdoms

Kingdom Protoctista

Kingdom FungiKingdom Plantae

Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Prokarya

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Within each kingdom, species are further classified into groups based on similarities.

For example, the full classification of a human is:

Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata

Class - Mammalia Order - Primates

Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo

Species - sapiens

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• Kingdom (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Prokaryotae (bacteria), Protoctista)

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family – always ends ‘ae’ or ‘ea’

• Genus – Italicised, capital letter

• Species – Italicised, lower case letter,

How are organisms classified?

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The 5 Kingdoms

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Within each group…

• Organism are classified by genus and species

Carcharodon carcharias

Genus – like a familyname

Species – individualname

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Viruses

• Viruses don’t belong to any of the five kingdoms:

• They need to take over living cells to reproduce

• They are regarded as non-living

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Phylum Chordates

• Chordates have a backbone (vertebrates).• Non-chordates do not have a backbone

(invertebrates).

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Groups of vertebrates

ChordataBackbone

FishOviparous

Poikilotherms

BirdsOviparous

Homeotherms

MammalsViviparous

HomeothermsAmphibiansOviparous

Poikilotherms

ReptilesOviparous

Poikilotherms

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Oviparous – lay eggsViviparous – give birth to their youngHomeotherms – keep their body temperature constantPoikilotherms – body temperature varies with their surroundings

Vertebrate features

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The 5 Classes of VertebratesName Main characteristics

Fish Have wet scales and gills, lay eggs in water.

Amphibians Have smooth, moist, permeable skin. Adults have lungs. They lay eggs in water.

Reptiles Have dry, scaly skin. Have lungs They lay leathery shelled eggs.

Mammals Have hair on their body and mammary glands that produce milk. Have lungs. They give birth to live young.

Birds Have feathers and a beak. Have lungs. They lay hard shelled eggs.

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Kingdoms

Animal plant fungi

Phylum

Chordates(vertebrates)

Class

Mammal Fish Bird Reptile Amphibian

Non-chordates

(invertebrates)

protoctista prokaryotae

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Class

Mammal

Viviparouss Homeotherms

Fish

Oviparous Poikilotherm

Bird

Oviparous Homeotherms

Reptile

Oviparous Poikilotherms

Ampibian

Oviparous Poikilotherms

Oviparous – lay eggsViviparous – give birth to their youngHomeotherms – keep their body temperature constantPoikilotherms – body temperature varies with their surroundings

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Absorbing oxygen?• Fish and young amphibians = gills• Mammals, birds, reptiles and adult amphibians = lungs

Reproduction?• Internal fertilisation – sperm meets egg inside the body =

mammals• External fertilisation – female lays eggs then male releases

sperm onto them = fish, amphibians

Maintaining Body temperature?• Homeotherms – keep body temperature constant by

releasing heat to their surroundings = mammals• Poikilotherms – body temperature changes with surroundings

= reptiles

Classifying vertebrates

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Duck Billed Platypus – how would you classify it and why?

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Species are organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.

Have Binomial Names eg Homo sapiens Felis catus

Exceptions1. Hybrids (cross between 2 different species) eg

horse and donkey = mule

2. Ring Species Sometimes there are a chain of neighbours that can all breed with their neighbour but the ones at either end can’t. These are called a ring species.

Species