5 Incident Prevention

8/11/2019 5 Incident Prevention

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TOPICS TIME4.0 INCIDENTS PREVENTION

2 hours

3.1 The concepts of Incident

3.2 The Causes of Incident3.3 The Incident Prevention Techniques

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DEFINITIONS

• Incident: An unsafe occurrence arising of or in the

course of work

•

Accident: Unplanned & undesired event• An accident always has the potential to produce

an injury or property damage

• Does not always result in injury or property

damage

• Injury: Body impairment resulting from an accident

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1. Unsafe Acts Of People (Human factors)

2. Unsafe Conditions (Physical) Of Machine Or

Equipment, Environment,

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There are two types of incident (workplace risks):

1. Human factor risks/ unsafe act (work practices)

i. Failure to follow instructions of safe work procedure

ii. Cleaning, oiling, adjusting, or repairing equipment that is

moving, electrically energised or pressurised

iii. Failure to wear PPE

2. Environmental risks/ unsafe condition (hazards)

i. Uneven floor surfaces

ii. Faulty or misadjusted tools and equipment

iii. Working in high places without fall protection

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The majority of unsafe acts of persons may be assigned to one or

more of the following classifications:

1. Failure to follow instructions of proper job procedure.

2. Cleaning, oiling, adjusting, or repairing equipment that is

moving, electrically energized, or pressurized.

3. Failure to use available personal protective equipment such asgloves, goggles, hard hats.

4. Failure to wear safe personal attire.

5. Improper use of equipment.

6. Failure too secure or warn.

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7. Improper use of hands or body parts.

8. Making safety devices inoperable.

9. Operating or working at unsafe speeds.

10. Taking unsafe position or posture.

11. Unsafe placing, mixing, combining.

12. Using tools or equipment known to be unsafe.

13. Driving errors and Horseplay

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Unsafe acts are brought about usually by one of the following:

1. Lack of knowledge, skill, coordination, or planning.

2. Improper attitude.

3. Physical or mental defects.4. Temporary lack of safety awareness at time of accident.

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Actions taken by employees to modify best practice that increasethe likelihood of an accident or injury eg;

1. Improper use of equipment

2. Operating or working at unsafe speeds

3. Making safety devices inoperable

4. Taking unsafe position or posture

5. Using tools or equipment known to be unsafe

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Most unsafe or hazardous conditions can be grouped into one of thefollowing classifications

1. Defective, inferior, or unsuitable tools, machinery, equipment, or

materials.

2. Hazards of surroundings (poor housekeeping).

3. Hazardous methods or procedures.

4. Placement hazards (person not mentally or physically

compatible with job requirements).

5. Inadequate guarding of machinery, equipment, work areas, etc.

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1. Remove all obstacles or hindrance to the safe movement of

personnel, vehicles, or machines

2. Repair damaged floors, broken steps, cracked walls and

ceilings

3. Replace worn or damaged tools and equipment

4. Provide proper equipment for the hoisting and movement of

heavy objects

5. Install guards for moving parts of machinery, fans etc.

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6. Insist on good housekeeping practices, remove debris, waste

material, and obsolete or useless equipment

7. Replace worn electrical wiring and fixtures

8. Post signs warning of hazards in certain areas

9. Conduct and abide to Job Safety Analysis

10. Conduct safety orientation of new and transferred employees.

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Accident prevention requires a minimum of four fundamentalactivities:

1. A study of all working areas to detect and eliminate or controlphysical hazards which contribute to accidents.

2. A study of all operating methods and practices

3. Education, instruction, training, and discipline to minimisehuman factors which contribute to accidents.

4. Thorough investigation of accidents to determine contributingcircumstances.

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Principles of Accident Prevention

• Identifying the hazards

• Risk Assessing

• Risk Controlling

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The process of identifying and fixing potentialhazards in the workplace is called hazard

management - a simple procedure where you assess

and control the risk of hazards to workers.

hazard is something that has the potential to

harm the health and safety of people at work.



Identify hazards beforestarting a task:

What is involved in this task thatcan hurt me or my co-workers?

How can I/we keep from beinghurt while performing this task?

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Operating without authority

Failure to secure or store materials

properly

Failure to signal or warn

Operating at unsafe speeds

Etc…...



PPE isuncomfortable

I feel comfortable doing thisand have done it this way a

thousand times before

“ Safety slows a job down ”

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Lack of training for personnel

Hazardous arrangement of tools,

machines, equipment, supplies, etc.

Improper illumination

Unsafe ventilation



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Can you identify any other hazards in this picture?

That’s right This

wet work surface

is a hazard

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Can you identify any other hazards in this picture?Click on the hazardous condition below

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Good Job These

cables and other

items laying

around are trip

hazards and must

be removed before

work begins.

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A risk assessment - a careful examination of what, inyour work, could cause harm to people, so that you can

weigh up whether you have taken enough precautions or

should do more to prevent harm.

The aim :-to make sure that no one gets hurt or

becomes ill.

Accidents and ill health can ruin lives, and affect

business if output is lost, machinery is damaged,insurance costs increase, or you have to go to court.



Direct costs areoften just the tip

of the iceberg.

• Lost Wages

• Building & property damage

• Work delay & interruptions

•

Workers demoralize• Hiring, training of new employees

• Lost time by Supervisor & otheremployees

• Overtime

• Medical Bills

Indirect costs canbe 50 times orgreater the directcosts of injuriesand illnesses.

The Costs of Injuries And Illnesses

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Walk around workplace look a fresh at what could reasonably be expected to

cause harm. Ignore the inconsequential and concentrate on

significant hazards which could result in serious harm

or affect several people.Ask employees may have noticed things which are not immediately

obvious.Manufacturers' instructions or data sheets

help to spot hazards and put risks in their trueperspective.

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young workers, trainees, new and expectant mothers,

etc who may be at particular risk

cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers, etc

who may not be in the workplace all the time

members of the public, or people you share your

workplace with, if there is a chance they could be hurt by

your activities.

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There is no need to list individuals by name - just think about groups of

people doing similar work or who may be affected, eg

office staff

maintenance personnel

contractors

people sharing your workplace

operators

cleaners

members of the public

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Pay particular attention to:

staff with disabilities

visitors

inexperienced staff

lone workers

They may be more vulnerable

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Consider how likely it is that each hazard could cause harm.

This will determine whether or not you need to do more to reduce

the risk.

Even after all precautions have been taken, some risk usually

remains.

What you have to decide for each significant hazard is whether this

remaining risk is high, medium or low.

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If fewer than five employees

a written record of what you have done.

If employ five or more people

must record the significant findings of your

assessment. This means writing down the significant hazards and

conclusions.

Examples might be 'Electrical installations:

insulation and earthing checked and found sound' or'Fume from welding: local exhaust ventilation (LEV)

provided and regularly checked'.

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New machines, substances and procedures whichcould lead to new hazards◦ take account of the new hazard.

if a new job introduces significant new hazards of its

own,◦ consider them in their own right and do whatever you need to

keep the risks down.

In any case, it is good practice to review

your assessment from time to time to make sure that

the precautions are still working effectively.

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Risk Assessment Matrix

SEVERITY

ACCIDENT PROBABILITY

A B C D E

I -

Catastrophic

1 1 2 3 5

II

–

Critical 1 2 3 4 5

III –

Marginal 2 3 4 5 5

IV -

Negligible 3 4 5 5 5



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Engineering controls - eliminate

hazard

Education controls - training

Physical controls - barriers,

guards, signs

Avoidance - prevent contact with

hazard

Make risk decision - choose the

control or course of action (COA)

The hazard of sharks 1/6



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The hazard of sharks … 1/6

Sharks are a dormant hazard

Figures in the slides 1…6 retrieved from http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/




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Potential or “armed” hazard




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Eliminating hazard

Replace “sharks” with “toys”




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Introducing administrative tools

May be you will have time to escape …




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Engineering out the problem

Encage yourself!





Provision of personal protective equipment

An armoured holiday

5 Incident Prevention

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