5. Encyclopedia of Human Ideas on Ultimate Reality and Meaning
Transcript of 5. Encyclopedia of Human Ideas on Ultimate Reality and Meaning
1
5. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HUMAN IDEAS ON ULTIMATE REALITY AND MEANING: A PLANAND LIST OF TOPICS
The purpose of URAM Research was from the beginning to collect in its historicaldevelopment all that the human mind ever thought about the ultimate reality and meaningof human existence from humanity’s beginning to the present in an Encyclopedia. Thepreparatory stage prior to the launching of the journal in 1978 involved construction ofthe outline of the project with the cooperation of over 50 scholars for twelve years since1966. Following criticism and enlargement, the first outline was edited again and for fourtimes. The fourth edition was then published in the first issue of the journal in 1978. Thisis the one our readers find here with additional new ones offered by our authors. Thedifference is that the topics which during the last thirty years had been analyzed andpublished in our journal are now marked by volume and page references of issuescarrying the articles. The listing in more than one sense is not complete and anysuggestions for improvement in any way will be gratefully acknowledged to our readers.
Acknowledgments are due to many colleagues and experts for their valuable cooperation inpreparing this outline. URAM research gratefully welcomes further any comments, correctionsand additions to the present Outline, particularly to the listing of the African Linguistic Familiesbased on O. Kohler, “Geschichte der Gliederung der Sprachen Afrikas.” Die Völker Afrikas undihre traditonellen Kulturen. Edited by H. Baumann, vol. 1, pp. 131-373. 1975. Wiesbaden:Steiner.
We note here that the number each article carries in the journal refers to the section the articlemakes as a contribution for the planned Encyclopedia of human ideas on ultimate reality andmeaning. The word ‘‘human” means that ideas are human, therefore, fallible, open todevelopment. Ideas are human, since no one can be without them. They are human since they aremany, just as human beings are.
Furthermore, we note also that the purpose of the Outline was to describe the comprehensivenature of the research focusing not on abstract systems and groups but on specific peoples andpersons.
The whole project of an URAM Encyclopedia is from the beginning divided into four volumeswith various sections.
DIVISIONSVOL. I Prehistoric and Non-literate StageSect. 1.1 Prehistoric StageSect. 1.2 Non-literate StagePart 1. AfricaPart 2. AsiaPart 3. AustraliaPart 4. EuropePart 5. North AmericaPart 6. South America
2
VOL. II Historical Age: From the 30th Century B.C. till the 1st Century. B.C.
VOL. III Historical Age: From the 1st Century. A.D. till the 19st Century. A.D.
VOL. IV Historical Age: 20th Century A.D.1. Individuals2. Arts3. Countries4. Religions5. Sciences6. States of Human Beings7. Systems
VOL. V: U.R.A.M. Science of Ultimate Reality and Meaning
ARTICLES AND TOPICS:
I VOLUME I: PREHISTORIC AND NON-LITERATE STAGE
1.1 Section 1. Prehistoric Stage
1.1.1 PLIOCENE AND LOWER PLEISTOCENE E: 4 X 106 TO CA. 750,000 YEARS BP
Fossil hominids Industry and cultureParanthropus Earliest occupation sitesAustralopithecus Origin of implementalHomo habilis activityOrigin of culture
1.1.2 2ND 3D GLACIATION CA 750,000-180,000 BPFossil hominids Industry and cultureHomo erectus: Acheulean industriesJava men, 500,000 BP Acheulean occupationOlduvai hominid 9(LLK2) sites in AfricaHeidelberg man, ca. Chou-Kou-Tien cultural complex
500,000 BP Torralba cultural complexTernifine man, ca Vertesszolos cultural complex500,000 BP Levallois technicsPeking and Lan-tien men Tayacian industry
ca. 400,000 BP Lazaret cultural complexMorocco
200,000 BPIncertae sedis hominids
Modjokerto (Java hominids)Swartkrans
(Telanthropus)
3
Koro-Toro, TchadBaringo mandibleLa Niche mandibleVertesszolosKanjeraman
Earliest homo sapiensSwanscombeSteinheimFontehevadeL'Aragó manL. Rudolf mid-pleistocene(L. Leakey and M. Day 1969)
1.1.3 LAST INTERGLACIAL AND LAST GLACIATION CA. 180,000-10,000 BP
Fossil hominids Industry and cultureHomo sapiens: Middle palaeolithic culture
Levantgroup Mousterian groupNeanderthal group Upper palaeolithic culturesNorth African group Aurignacian(Djebel-lrhoud and Gravettian
Tanger) SolutreanSubsaharian Africa group MagdalenianSolo human African cultural sequenceMapa human and related American cultural sequenceModern man, homo sapiens Asian cultural sequence
Palaeolithic painting and sculpture
1.1.4 RECENT HOLOCENE 10,000-2,000 BP POST GLACIAL
Epipalaeolithic culturesOther preagricultural culturesPreagricultural painting and sculpture (Spanish Levant and N. Africa)Agricultural cultures
1.2. Section 2: Non-Literate Stage.
1.2.1 PART 1: AFRICAN LINGUISTIC FAMILIES
1.2.1.1 Afto-Asiatic Linguistic Family
1.2.1.1.1 BERBER
Aures Nefusa Sokna
4
Ausjila Rif TamasheqGhadames Shavia TuaregGharian Shilh ZenegaKabyle Shiva Zenata
Sokna1.2.1.1.2 CHADIC
Western EasternAngas Biyo BataBolewa Buduma Bura.Dera Dangaleat CibakGerka Djegu DabaGwandara Djongor GisigaHausa Kotoko HidjiKarakare Masa HinaMaha Mogum KilbaNgamo, Mubi LamangNgiziml (Bade) Sokoro Mandara,Ron Somrai Margi
Tuburi MatakamPabirPadukoTera
Wandala
1.2.1.1.3 CUSHITIC
Northern Eastern SouthernBedja Afar (Dankali) Alagwa (Alawa)Bishari Alaba Asa-Aramanik
Boni Burunge (Mbulunge)Central Burdji Gorowa (Fiome)Awiya Busa IraqwBi Darasa. MbuguKaila Galla NgomviaKemant Ganwada Sanye/DahaloKhamir GatoQuara Gadwall Western OsmoticQuarasa Haruro, Ari
Konso BakoSatem BannoSomali DjanjeroTsamako GimiraWata HamarYaku Kafa
MadjiOromo
5
1.2.1.1.4 SEMITICEthio-Semific Arabic Dialects HebrewAmharic AlgerianArgobba EgyptianGafat HassaniGeez LibyanGarage MoroccanHarari OmanTigre TunesianTigrinya Yemenitic
1.2.1. 2 Nilo-Saharan Linguistic Family
1.2.1.2.1 MEKAN-FUR Group
Didinga-Mekan Tama Acholi, 11, 11-22Bodi Mararit DjiyeDidinga Sungor DoroboLongarim Tana FungMasongo KarimodjongMekan Maba-Mimi LabworMurzu Karanga LangoMurle Maba LotukoSuri Masalit Lwo
Yidenic Mimi MasaiNandi
Dadju Temein NuerDadju Keiga Djirru OkiekLiguri Temein PokotShatt Sebei
Fur ShillukNilotic TatogaAcioli TesoAlur TurkanaAnuakBariDinka
1.2.1.2.2 BARYA-NYIMANG Group
Barya Gule NyimangBerta Kunama Tabi
1.2.1.2.3 NUBA-SAHARIAN Group
Nubian Saharan SonghaiBarabira Berti Dendi
6
Dair Bideat GaoDilling Kanembu GundamMidob Kanuri Kado
Teda WogoTubu ZermaZaghawa
1.2.1.2.4 MORU-MANGBETU Group
Alloru-Madi Mangbutu-Balese Mangebu-MedjeAvukaya Amengi AberuKaliko Balese AkdLogo Birri KangoLugbara Bvuba MaeleMadi Efe Makere,Moru Mamvu Mangbetu
Mangbutu MedjeMumbiNdo Balendu
1.2.1.2.5 BONGO-BAGIRMI Group
Baka Gbaya BagirtniBeli Binga SaraBongo Kresh Sinyar
1.2.1.3 Mande Linguistic Family
Western Loma BusaBambara Malinke Boko,Bandi Mau DaBobo Mende GaguDyula Numu Guro,Hwela Soninke MakaKhasonke SUSU ManoKono Yalunka MwaKpelle NwdLigbi Eastern SamoLoko, Be SyaBisa Tura
1.2.1.4 Khoisan Linguistic Family
Kwi Group Khoe (Hottentot) Eyasi GroupKham Ganakhoe HazdaKhomani Kora KangedjuKhegwi Kxoe Kindiga
7
Auni Nama NegeKhong Nato SandaweWen Shuakhoe Tendega
Tshwe WahiKhung Group
1.2.1.5 Nigritic Linguistic Family
1.2.1.5.1 GUR GroupMore-Dagban Grusi Gurma-TamariBirifor Kasena AkaseleBulga Kabre GangambaDagara, 7,209-19 Kotokoli BasariDagornbaa Kuruma GurmaKusasi Lamba BerbaLoberu. Lyele KonkombaMosi Logba MobaMamprusi Nunuma NyendeNankane Puguli Tamari (Somba)Naudem. SisalaTallensi Tampulma.Wala Vagala
OthersBargu Kinna-Tyurama SenufoBwamu (Bobo) Kulango WinDogon Lobt
Seme
1.2.1.5.2 CENTRAL TOGO Group
Adele Basila LikpeAhlo Bovili LogbaAkpafu Kebu NyangboAnimere Kposo SantrkofiAvatime Lelemi
1.2.1.5.3 KWA Group
Kru Guan E'doBakwe Awutu BiniBasa (Gbasa) Anum IshanBete Gonja KukurukuDida Nkonya Urhobo,GreboKran Gâ-Adangme Ibo,5,188-209;7,84-
101;13,134-44
8
Kra Gâ 24,3-17, 55-551;27,70-84Krobo, 3,245-55 Idjo
Lagoon Ada BrassAbe Ningo KalabanAdyukru Osu West-IdjoAladyang SeAir Idoma-AjaAtye Ewe AfnMbato Ang'lo AgatuKyarna (Ebrié) Fo Akweya
Mina AragoAkan-Anyi Egede
AhantaAnyi Djekri IdomaAkwamu Igala OtupkoAkwapim Nago YaciAkymAsantes 7, 201-8 NupeBaule GbariCakosi (Anufo) IgbiraFanti NupeNazima Yoruba, 7,173,189-200; 11, 232-42; 14, 21-9
1.2.1.5.4 ATLANTIC Group
Baga Manjaku BullomBalanta Nalu ColaBanhum Nclut KisiBiafada Serer KobaDiola Tenda KrimFula Wolof LimbaKobiana Bijago SherbroKonyagi Papel Sua (Mansoanka)Lehar Temne
1.2.1.5.5 DAMAUA Group
Bua Fah MboiCham Kam MbumChamba Kumba MungDaka Longuda NimbariDuru Masa
1.2.1.5.6 UBANGI Group
Amadi (Ma) Gundi Nzakara
9
Banda Mba PambiaBaramba Mondunga SangoBua Monzombo SereDongo Ngbaka YakobiFeroge Ngandi Zande, 1,240-50Gbaya Ndogo
1.2.1.5.7 CENTRAL NIGRITIC Group
Ekoi Bamencla PlateauAbanyom Bafut BasaBalep Kaka ButawaEtung Kom DukaEkadjug Menerno BiromMbe Tikar Boyawa
Wimbum KambariCross River KoroAndom. Mambila-Tiv KwolAnnang AboDoki Batu RindreEfik Bitare RukubaIbibio ButeIkorn Kamkarn Djukunoid
Kila AshakuBamileke Mambila DjukunBafu Ndoro EregbaBamnum Tiv KentuBangwa KutebBandjun Djarawa NamaBapi Bankala NyiduBati Djaku
DjarawaMama
Mbula
1.2.1.5.8 EASTERN NIGRITIC Group: BANTU
N W Bantu
SANAGA Zone OGOWE Zone CONGO Zone
Bafia Bali BangiBasa Fumu BushongoBenga Kande KubaBube Kele LeleDuala Mbangwe MbangweEwondo Kota Mboko
10
Fang Mbete MboshiKaka Myene MongoKoko Nzabi NgombeLundu Punu NgundiMaka Shira NkunduNjern Sheke SokoPomo Teke TetelaSanaga Tende Wongo (Njembe)
TsogoYanzi
N BantuKIVU Zone Fulino NyankoleBembe Ganda NyarwandaBira Gisu NyikaEna Gusii NguruirmHuku Ha NyoroHolololo Haya PokomoKonjo Hunde Rundi,4,260-71, 310-1Lega Jinja SeseMbole Kerebe SimbeteNandi Kikuyu SonjoPeri Kuria SubaSongolaVICTORIA Zone Kwaya Taita
Kirinyage TharakaChaga Luhya VinzaChika Meru Zanaki
N.E.BantuTABORA ZoneBende Bena PembaIramba Gogo Pogoro,Irangi Hehe SangoKimbu. Kaguru SwahiliMbugwe Kinga TavetaNyamwezi Kisi Tikulu.Rimi Luguru, 6, 4-21, 141-52 WanjiSukurna Ndamba Zaramo,Sumbwa Pangwa ZiguluTongwe PareVunguW BantuCONGO-ZWANGA ZoneBembe Ndingi SukuBwende Ndongo YakaKongo Ngola YombeMbala Pende Vili
11
Mboka
C BantuZAMBESI Zone KATANGA zone BANGWEOLO zoneChokwe Binji BembaKwangafi Hemba BisaLucbazi Kanyoka FipaLuimbi Kaonde IlaLuyana Kete LenjeMashi Luba, 9, 163-187 LambaMbunda Lulula MambweNgangela Lunda NyakyusaNyernba Nkoya NyikaSubya Salampasu PimbweTotela Samba RunguYeyi Sanga Rungwa
Songye SafwaTongaWanda
E BantuMALAWI Zone
Nyanja MbungaaChewa, 14,5-20 Nyungwe MweraKunda Sena MatumbiManda Tumbuka NdenderekaMatengo RUFIDJI Zone NdondeMbo NguluMpoto Makua RufidjiNsenga Makonde Yaco
S W BantuKAVANGO-KAOKO ZoneAmbo, 4,272-78 Kilenge NgambweHanda Kuvale NkhumbiHerero Mbundu Nyaneka
Ndombe
S E BantuZAMBESI-ALAGOA Zone
Shona Sotho TsmanaKaranga Birwa HurutsheKorekore Kgaga KgalagadiManylka Koni KgatlaNdau Kwena NgwatoRozwi Lovedu RolongZezuru Lozi,16, 173-84
12
Pedi ThongaNguni Pulana HlengweMpondo Tau Ronga.Ndebele Tlokwa ShanganaNgoni Venda TswaSwazi ChopiThembuXhosaZulu
1.2.1.6 Malayo-Polynesian -Madagascar Linguistic Family
Antaimoro Antefasy MakaoAntaisaka Bara MerinaAntambohoaka Bezanozano SakalavaAntadroy Betsileo SibanakaAntankarana Betsimisaraka TanalaAntanosy Mahafaly Tsimihety
1.2.2 PART 2: ASIAN LINGUISTIC FAMILIES
1.2.2.1 Ainu Linguistic Family
1.2.2.2 Altair Linguistic Family, 7, 34-49; 8, 228-31; 9, 23-24
Mongols 4, 94-102, 163-4Aimak Chalkar KalmykBuryat Kharchin KhalkDagur Odos Mongour
OiratTungusicGold Lamutian TungusOroki Manchu Evenki
Sibo NegidalSungarian Udehe Solon
UlchaolcaTurkicAfsar Qghuz (South Western)Chagatai (South Eastern) AzerbaidjanTurkish Osmanli
Crimean Tatar Turkish of TurkeyGagauz Turkmenian
Uighur QuashquaiUzbek, 8,172-95 Siberian (North Eastern)
Chuvash Khakas
13
Kipchak (North Western) BeltirBashkir KoibalKarachay-Balkar ShorKarakalpak AltaiKazakh OirotKirghiz TuvaNogay TofaTatar Duva
Khotong DuhaSoyotTelengitTeleutYakut
Dolgan
1.2.2.3 Andamanese Linguistic Family
1.2.2.4 Annamese Linguistic Family
Annamite Cham JaraiRhade
1.2.2.5 Caucasian Linguistic Family
NORTH CAUCASIAN
Northeastern Group:Avar Dargwa LezgianAndi Khabkasian TabasaranOiso Lak Udi
Northwestern Group:Abkhaz Cherkess Kabardian
SOUTH CAUCASIANGeorgian Laz Mingrelian
Svan1.2.2.6 Chinese Linguistic Family
Chinese 3, 3-22Assamese Hakka KweichowCantonese Hui MandarinHainan Hunan MinYinghpau Xiang Wu
1.2.2.7 Chukchean Linguistic FamilyChukchi Luorawetlan
15
1.2.2.8 Dardic and Kafir Linguistic FamilyBashkarik Kalasa Askun
Maiya Khovar KatiTorwali Kashmiri PrasunWotapuri Pashai Waigali
Damelli SinaGawar-Bati Dumak
Phalura
1.2.2.9 Dravidian Linguistic FamilyBrahui Kuwi TamilGond Malayalam IrulasKannada Maler KadarKodagu Matto KurumbaKolami Parji PariyanKota Pengo TeluguKui Manda Toda
Naikt Tutu
1.2.2.10 Eskimoan Linguistic FamilyAleut Eskimo Yupik
1.2.2.11 Gilyak (or Nivkh) Linguistic Family
1.2.2.12 Indo-Aryan Linguistic FamilyBengaliChitagan Khulna NoakhahHindiBraj-bhasa Hindi proper KanaujiBundeli Banguru.
High HinduKhari BoliUrdu
HindkiKosaliAwadhi Banghali Chattisgarhi
Baiga, 1, 153-80KonkaniHalbi
Magadhan GroupBihari Eastern Central
Bhojpuri Assarnese MagahiSadani Bengali Maithili
16
OriyaMarathi
PahariEastern Central Western
Gorkhali Garhwali CharnealiKhaks-kura Kurnauni KiunthaliNepali Kuliu
MandealiPanjabi SirmduriAwan Bahawalpur
Rajasthani- GujaratBhil
Gujar Gujarat RajastaniSaurastri Jaipuri
Sidi, 24, 96-105 MalaviMarwariMewati
Romany-GypsySindiJatt Lassi VicoliKacchi Siraiki TocharianLari Thareli Sinhalese-Maldivian
Uriya
1.2.2.13 Indonesian Linguistic Family
Balinese Malay, 5, 314-31 Philippine LanguagesBatak Biko Bisayan
Toba-Angkola Molbog BontokSirnalungan Moro CebuanoKaro Parngasian Ifugao, Kalinga, 4,3-23
Dayak Parnpangan lgorotGayo Sulu TinggianIllokan SasakJanavese SundaneseMadureseMakassar
1.2.2.14 Iranian Linguistic FamilyAvestanBaluchiDzhemshideyKurdishKarmanji Lur Shabak
Sarligas Yezidis
17
OrmurtOssetianPamir- Yidgha
Pahlavi-Middle Persian
PashtoAfridDurranis Ghilzais Khel
Panjpais Burhan MahsudZirako Turan Safis
Achakzais Alikhels ShirnwarisBarakzais Dotannis WazirMohmands Hotak YuzufzaisShoran Sulaymankhel
Persian-NewHazara Qizil Bash Tajik
BesudJaghuriSuniTaUruzgani
Saka
TatFiruzkuhis Jamoshedris Tairnan
Tairnur
1.2.2.15 Japanese Linguistic Family
1.2.2.16 Ket (or Yenisei Ostyak) Linguistic Family
1.2.2.17 Korean Linguistic Family, 1, 251–7; 9, 17-36, 70-2
1.2.2.18 Melanesian Linguistic FamilyCaroline Marshall Santa-CruzLouisade Neo-Hebrides SolomonMarian Neo-Caledonia Leuangiua
NggelaRoviana
1.2.2. 18a Miao Linguistic FamilyHua Miao, 4, 172-95
1.2.2.19 Mon-Khmer Linguistic FamilyKhmer Khasi Mon
18
Kuoy Jaintia NicobaresePearSamreSaochStieng
1.2.2.20 Munda (or Kol) Linguistic FamilyGadava Kherwari Savara
Bhumig SoraBirhorHoKhariaKorkanKorwaMundariSantali
1.2.2.21 Negroid FamilyAeta Makran Semang
DarzadaNakilLori
1.2.2.22 Papuan Linguistic FamilyMaori, 6, 180-204. 321-32;
1.2.2.23 Polynesian Linguistic FamilyPolynesianMarqesic Tahitic Easter Island
Hawaiian RarotnganS. E. Marquesan TaahitianN. W. Marquesan TuamotuanMangarevan
SamoicEllice Mao TakuE. Futunam Pukapukan LuangivaW. Futunam Rennellese Sikaiana
Fila Samoan TikopianKapingamarangi Tokelauan
Nukuoro E. UveanW. Uvean
TongicNivean Tongoan
1.2.2.24 Tai Linguistic FamilyAhon Chuang Khamti
19
Li people LaoP'ung-Sheu ShanP'u-y' Tai
1.2.2.25 Tibeto-Burman Linguistic FamilyAbor-Miri Karen NagaAka Kachin NewariArakanese Lalo SingphoBodo Lepcha TibetanBurmese Manipuri TipperaChakma Mikir YiChittagong Mran-nia HaniDafla Mro Lisu
Nasi
1.2.2.26 Uralic Linguistic Family 7, 34; 9,232
West Finnic-BalticEstonia Karelian LudianFinnish Lapp VepsianIngrian Livonian Votic
PermianKomi-Permian Udmurt Zyryan
UgricKhanty Magyar Vogul
East Finnic- Volga-FinnicCheremis Mordvin
MokshaErzyan
SamoyedicEnce Nenets (Jurak) SelkupNganasen Kamas
1.2.2.27 Yukaghir Linguistic FamilyChuvantsy Odul Yugaghir
1.2.3 PART 3: AUSTRALIAN LINGUISTIC FAMILIES
1.2.3.1 Aranda LanguagesAranda Aljawara Unmatjera
AntakeribanaKaititja
20
1.2.3.2 Dieri Linguistic FamilyArabana Dieri WangganguruBanggala Nawo WirangiTangane Yaralde
1.2.3.3 Eastern Linguistic Family
Bangandiji Gudjai MarawariBanba Gumbainggar NggerikudiBarindji Gunu PamanBarundiji I1ba PittapittaBulucvai K ah TayorDanggadi Kalkadoon TurrubulDanggali Kamilaroi WangganguruDippil Kattan WikmunkanGandangara Koko-yimidir WijagaliGandju Ladil WiradjuriGia Mabuiag WongaibonGoa Majuh Yir-YironGogai MaIjangara Yungurara
Yuwalyai
1.2.3.4 Northern Linguistic Family
Andiljaugwa Gwini MurinbataAlawa Janjula MurnginBad Larragia NjulBagu Malag-Malag RainbarngoBunaba Mara UngarinyinDjaui Margu WorgaidjGuluwarin Maung WororaGunian Millingimbi WunambalGunwinggun Miriam Yirgala
Yuaor1.2.3.5 Victorian Linguistic Family
Darawal Djedjuwuru JaraldeDjadjala Durga Tasmanian
Wadjawuru1.2.3.6 Western Desert Linguistic Family
Andekerinfa Mangala WadjugPintubi MaIngin Wailbiri UR Newsletter1,18-22
Dalaindji Minning TanggadaDjarn Mudbara WanyagaGanera Nanda WidiGaradjari Ngadi WolmeriGidja Nyamal WudjariIngada Njangumada YankuntjatjaraJulbaritja Pitjantjatjara Yued
21
KukatiaMabuiag, Miriams, URAM Newsletter, 2, 35-45
1.2.4 PART 4: EUROPEAN LINGUISTIC FAMILIES
1.2.4.1 Indo-European Linguistic Family
Albanian Romanian 20:157-64 Teutonic (Germanic)Armenian Slavic,11:247-66 North (Scandinavian)Baltic Bulgarian Danish
Latvian Croatian IcelandicLithuanian Czech NorwegianOld Prussian Polish Old Norse
Celtic Russian SwedishBreton Rusyn 21, 116-21 DutchGaelic Russian EnglishGoidelic Slovak FlemishIrish Slovenian GermanWelsh Ukrainian Scottish
LatinItalic
French, Spanish
1.2.4.2 Non -Indo-European LanguagesBasque Estonian Hungarian
Finnish
1.2.5 PART 5: NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN LINGUISTIC FAMILIES
1.2.5.1 Algonkian Linguistic Family
Northern DivisionAlgonkian GroupAbittibi Algonkin Nipissing
TerniscamingCree GroupCree Plains, 18,249-63 Swampy
Western Cree
Ojibwa (Chipewa) GroupMississauga Ojibwa Ottawa
SaulteauxNortheastern DivisionAbnaki GroupArosaguntacook Micmac PussamaquoddyMalecite Norridgewock Penobscot
Sokoki
22
Montagnais GroupBersiamite Mistassin Nascapi
Montagnais PapinachoisEastern DivisionConoy Montauk PermacookDelaware Nanticoke PowhatanMahican Narraganset ShawneeMassachuset Nipmuc WampanoagMohegan Pamlico Wappinger
Central DivisionMascouten Miami group PotawatomuMenominee Cahokia Sauk (Sac) group
Kaskaskia FoxMiami KickapooMichigamea SaukPeoriaPiankashawTamaroaWea
Western DivisionArapaho, 18, 249-63 Blackkfoot Cheyenne
Gros Ventres KainahPiieganSiksika
1.2.5.2 Athapascan Linguistic FamilyNorthern DivisionAhtena Kawchodinneh SarsiAthabasca Knaiakhotana SekaniBabine Kolchan, 4,195-212
SaschutkenneCarrier Tenan, Tutchone- TakulliChilcotin Vuntakutchin TatsanottineChipewyan Nahane ThlingchadinneEtchaottine Tahitan Tsattine
Takutine
Pacific DivisionChastacosta Hupa SinkyoneChetco Kuneste TaltushtuntudeCoquille Kwalhioqua TleldingHoilkut Lassik Tolowa
Mattole UmpquaSouthern Division
23
Apache LipanKiowa apache
1.2.5.3 Attacapan Linguistic FamilyAttacapaNavajo, 2, 84-108
1.2.5.4 Beothukan Linguistic FamilyBeothuk
1.2.5.5 Caddoan Linguistic FamilyArikara Caddo Nabesache
Adai NacogdocheAndarko Pawnee
Hainai WichitaKadohadacho Tawakoni
Waco1.2.5.6 Chimakuan Linguistic Family
Chimakurn Quileute
1.2.5.7 Chimarikan Linguistic FamilyChimariko
1.2.5.8 Chimmesyan Linguistic FamilyGitksan Niska Tsirnshian
1.2.5.9 Chinantec Linguistic FamilyChinantec
1.2.5.10 Chinookan Linguistic FamilyChinook
1.2.5.11 Chitimachan Linguistic FamilyChitimacha
1.2.5.12 Chumashan Linguistic FamilyChurnash
1.2.5.13 Coahuiltecan Linguistic FamilyOxaca Chontal
1.2.5.14 Copehan Linguistic FamilyPatwin Wintun
1.2.5.15 Costanoan Linguistic FamilyCostanos
24
1.2.5.16 Eskimoan Linguistic FamilyAlaskan Eskimo Canadian Eskimo Greenland Eskimo
CaribouCentralCopperLabradorMackenzie
1.2.5.17 Esselenian Linguistic FamilyEsselen
1.2.5.18 Huave Linguistic FamilyHuave
1.2.5.19 Iroquoian Linguistic FamilyCherokeeAtali Elati Middle Cherokee
ConestogaErieHuronArendahronon Atonthrataronon AttigneenongnahacAtaronchronon Attignaouantan Tohontaenrat
WenrohrononIroquoisCayuga Oneida SenecaMohawk Onandaga Tuscarora
MeherrinNeutralAondironon Atiragenratka NeutralNotlaway OngniarahrononOnnontiogaTionontati
1.2.5.20 Kalapuyan Linguistic FamilyAhantchuyuk Chepenafa SantiamAtfalati Kalapuyan YamelChelamela Lakmiut Yonkalla
1.2.5.21 Karankawan Linguistic FamilyCoaque Ebahamo Karankawa
1.2.5.22 Keresan Linguistic FamilyCochiti Queres Sitsime or Kawaiko
Acoma
25
Laguna1.2.5.23 Kiowan Linguistic Family
Kiowa
1.2.5.24 Kolushan Linguistic FamilyTlingit
Chilkat, Tagish
1.2.5.25 Kulanapan Linguistic FamilyPomo (Kuhlanapo)
1.2.5.26 Kusan Linguistic Family
1.2.5.27 Kutenaian Linguistic FamilyLower Kutenai Upper Kutenai
1.2.5.28 Lutuamian Linguistic FamilyKlamath Modoc
1.2.5.29 Mariposan Linguistic FamilyMariposan (Yokuts)
1.2.5.30 Maya Linguistic FamilyCakchiquel Muastec PokomChonto Mam QuichéChorti,5, 250-64, 270-2 Tzeltal
1.2.5.31 Mixe Linguistic FamilyMixe Popoluca Zoque
1.2.5.32 Moquelumnan Linguistic FamilyMiwok Northern Moquelumnan Olamentke
1.2.5.33 Muskhogean Linguistic Family
ChoctawChickasaw ChoctawHitchitiApalachee Lower Creek Mikasuki
KoasatiAlibamu Koasati WetumpkaMuskogee
Creek Seminole
1.2.5.34 Natchesan Linguistic FamilyNatchez Taensa
26
1.2.5.35 Oaxacan Linguistic FamilyMazatecx Mixtee Zapotec
1.2.5.36 Olopamean Linguistic FamilyChichimeco Madame OtomiJonas Mazahua Pame
1.2.5.37 Pueblo Indians of North AmericaSee Keresan Tanoan, Zuflian Linguistic Families
1.2.5.38 Pujunan Linguistic FamilyMaidu
1.2.5.39 Quoratean Linguistic FamilyKarok
1.2.5.40 Salinan Linguistic Family
1.2.5.41 Salishan Linguistic FamilyBellacoola Kalispel-Flathead ShuswapChehalis Lilloet SkitswishColumbia Nisqualli SquamishComox Ntlakyapamuk SongishCowichan Okanagon Tillamook
Twana
1.2.5.42 Shahaptian Linguistic FamilyKlikitat Paloos UmatillaNez Percés Tenigo Wallawalla
Tyigh Yakima
1.2.5.43 Shastan Linguistic FamilyKonomihu Okwanuchu Palaihnihan
AchomawiAstakiwiAtsugewiAtuamiChumawiHantiwiHumawhiIlmawiPakamali
Shasta1.2.5.44 Siouan Linguistic Family
Assiniboin -Dakota Cheraw HidatsaAssiniboin Chiwere HidatsaDakota Iowa Crow
27
Mdewakanton Missouri MandanSisseton Otto MonacanTeton, 10,83-100, 140-2 DhegihaWahpekute Kansa SpaoniWahpeton Omaha TuteloYankton Osage WinnebagoYanktoni Pahatsi
Biloxi PoncaOfo Quapaw
Catawba Utsehta
1.2.5.45 Skittagetan Linguistic FamilyHaida Kaigani
1.2.5.46 Tanoan Linguistic FamilyJemez Tano TiguaPiro Tewa Isleta
Poihuuinge Sandia
1.2.5.47 Tarasuan Linguistic FamilyTarasco
1.2.5.48 Timucuan Linguistic FamilyMarracou Saturiba TocobagoMayaca Timagoa TomocoPotano Timucua Yustaga
1.2.5.49 T onikan Linguistic FamilyTunica
1.2.5.50 Tonkawan Linguistic FamilyTonkawa
1.2.5.51 Totonac Linguistic FamilyTepehua Totonac
1.2.5.52 Uchean Linguistic FamilyYuchi
1.2.5.53 Uto-Aztecan Linguistic Family
Nahua, 23,295-318PimaCahita Opata Tarahumara
Mayo Papago TepecanoYaki Pima Tephuan
Cora Sobaipuri Tubar
28
Huichol Raramuri Varohio
ShoshoneanBannock Gosiute MonoCahuilla Hopi PaiuteChemehuevi Juaneno PanamintComanche Kawaiisu SerranoCupeno Kawia ShoshomGabrielino Luiseno Tubatulabal
Ute1.2.5.54 Waiilatpuan Linguistic Family
Cayuse Molala
1.2.5.55 Wakashan Linguistic FamilyHeiltsuk Kwakiutl Nootka
HaislaKoskimo
1.2.5.56 Washoan Linguistic FamilyWasho
1.2.5.57 Weitspekan Linguistic FamilyYurok
1.2.5.58 Wishoskan Linguistic FamilyWishosk
1.2.5.59 Yakonan Linguistic FamilvAlsea Kuitsh Siuslaw
Yakina1.2.5.60 Yanan Linguistic Family
Yana
1.2.5.61 Yukian Linguistic FamilyWappo Yuki
1.2.5.62 Yuman Linguistic FamilyCochimiYumanCocopa Maricopa TontoDiegueno Mohave WalapaiHavasupai Seri Yavapai
Yuma
1.2.5.63 Zuhian Linguistic FamilyZuni
29
1.2.6 PART 6: SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN LINGUISTIC FAMILIES
1.2.6.1 Alacalufan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.2 Amueshan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.3 Andoquean Linguistic FamilyAndoke
1.2.6.4 Araucanian Linguistic FamilyChono Huilliche
Mapuche, 5, 88-103 Picunche
1.2.6.5 Arawakan Linguistic FamilyNorthernArawak Caquetio MarawanAtorai Goajiro Wapishana
Guayupé WarakenaPapago, 2,4-15, 69-73
MontanaCampa Machiguenga PuncuriHuachipari Masco Pucpacuri
Piro SirineriSouthBaure Layanà ParessiChane Mojo SaraveChiquitoPaiconePauna
1.2.6.6 Atacamanan Linguistic FamilyAtecarna Casvindo Diaguita
Cochinoca Ornawaca
1.2.6.7 Aymaran Linguistic FamilyCollao Lupaca
1.2.6.8 Bororoan Linguistic FamilyBororo Otuké
1.2.6.9 Botocudo Linguistic Family
1.2.6.10 Cahuapanan Linguistic FamilyCahuapana Chébero
30
1.2.6.11 Caingang Linguistic FamilyCaingang Dorin Shocleng
Taven1.2.6.12 Calianan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.13 Camacan Linguistic FamilyCamacan Cutasho Mascarara
Menian1.2.6.14 Canichanan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.15 Cariban Linguistic FamilyNorthernAcawai Chacopata PalankApalai Cuaya ParaviayanaArecuna Cumanagoto SaparaArinagato Diau TaparitoAzumara Ingarico TrioBonari Macusi UrucuenaCaribe Mapoyo WaicaCarijona Mutuan Waimai
Oyana YauaperiSouthernArara Ghanco PanareArvi Gorron PatagonBacairi Guanao PatangoroBuga Muso PemonChocoan Opone Pijao
Choco YauaranaCaucaCenu
1.2.6.16 Carajan Linguistic FamilyCarjà Shambioà Yavahé
1.2.6.17 Caririan Linguistic FamilyCamuru Dzubucua KipeaSapuya
1.2.6.18 Catukinan Linguistic FamilyCanamari Catukina Catawishi
1.2.6.19 Cayuvanan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.20 Chapacuran Linguistic FamilyCabishi Jaru RocoronaChapacura Matama ToraCumana Moré UrunamacaCuvuna Ocorano Urupà
31
Huachi Quitemo Wanyam
1.2.6.21 Chibchan Linguistic FamilyArhuaco Coconuco GuaymiBarbacoa Cuna NambicuaraCara Esmeraida Tunebo
Guatuso
1.2.6.22 Chiquitoan Linguistic FamilyChiquito Churapa
ManasiPenokiPinyocaTao
1.2.6.23 Chonan Linguistic FamilyOna TehuelcheHaush PoyaShelknarn
1.2.6.24 Cholonan Linguistic FamilyCholona Hibito
1.2.6.25 Cofan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.26 Cochean (Mocoan) Linguistic FamilySebondoy Quillacinga Pataco
1.2.6.27 Coerunan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.28 Coropo Linguistic Family
1.2.6.29 Esmeralda Linguistic Family
1.2.6.30 Fulnio Linguistic Family
1.2.6.31 Ge Linguistic FamilyNorthernCayapó Suyá TimbiraCarahó ApinayeCayapa Canela-Ramkokamekra, 6,84-Cayapó 111;7,62-7
Górotire CarayeteGradahó ChacarmeraIra-Arnaire CrahoMecubengocre Crenyé
Cricate
32
GavioesGurupyNyurucwayé
PurcobyeCentral
Acroa Akwe JeicoAcroa Shacriaba
Guegué ShavanteSherente
1.2.6.32 Guahiboan Linguistic FamilyChuruya Cunimia Wahibo
ChiricoaCuibaYamu
1.2.6.33 Guaycuruan Linguistic FamilyAbipon Mocovi PilagaMbaya Payagua Toba
1.2.6.34 Guaranian-Tupi Linguistic FamilyGuaraniAré Canoeiro GuayakiCainguá Chané Paraná
Chiripa Chiriguano TapietéGuayana Guarayú ToráIvaparé SirionoMbya-Cainguá GuaraniPan
TupiAizuare group Cocarna group Guiana group
ApotoCalianáOyarnpiWayapi
He-GroupAtnanayé Jacundád TapirauaAnarnbé Neengatú TernbéArarandewara Pacaja TenetéharaCubenepre Paracaña Urubu (Turiwara)
(Kupe-rob)
TapajoApiaca Maué RamaramaCawahib Mundurucu TupinarnbaranaéCayabi Paranawat Wirafed
33
Tupina (Coastal)Tupinamba (Coastal)Xingu divisionArawine Tacunyapé
Yuruna group
1.2.6.35 Guatoan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.36 Huarpean Linguistic FamilyAllentiac Henia PehuencheComechingón Millcayac Puelche of Cuyo
Camiare
1.2.6.37 Itonaman Linguistic Family
1.2.6.38 Jirajaran Linguistic Family
1.2.6.39 Jivaroan Linguistic FamilyShuara Palta
Achual MalacataAgurarunaAntipaBolonaBracarnoMacaWarnbisa
1.2.6.40 Lule- Vilelan Linguistic FamilyLule Vilela
Lule of Barcena AtalaláIstiné Chunupi
Lule of Machoni OmoampaPasainTaqueteVacaaWamalcaYoconoampa
1.2.6.41 Mataco-Macan Linguistic FamilyMacá Mataco
AshluslayChorotiMataguayo
1.2.6.42 Mascoian Linguistic FamilyAngaité Lengua SanapáKaskihá Mascoi Sapuki
34
1.2.6.43 Mashacalian Linguistic FamilyCaposho Mcuni MonoshóCumanasho Mashacali Panyame
1.2.6.44 Misumalpan Linguistic FamilyMatagalpa Miskito (Mosquito) Sumo
Tawira SumoUlva
Yosco1.2.6.45 Mosetenan Linguistic Family
Chimane MosetanTucupi
1.2.6.46 Muran Linguistic FamilyBohura Pirahá Yahahi
1.2.6.47 Nambicuaran Linguistic FamilyAnunze KabishiCocuzu
1.2.6.48 Paniquitan Linguistic FamilyMuzo Panche
1.2.6.49 Panoan Linguistic FamilyCentral
Amawaca Capanawa CashiboAmawaca Capanawa CacataiboCashinawa Maspo CashiñoInuvakeu Nicarawa PuchanawaVivivakeu Nucuini RuñoPichobo Remo Shirino
Mochobo Sacuya CurinoPichobo Catukina Juruá-PurúsSoboibo Arara
ArarapinaArarawaSaninawaChamaConiboSeteboShipibo
SouthArasaire Atsawaca PacawaraArua Capuibo
35
CaripunaChacoboSinabo
1.2.6.50 Payan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.51 Peba- Yaguan Linguistic FamilyPeba Yagua Yameo
1.2.6.52 Puelchean Linguistic Family
1.2.6.53 Puinavean or Macu Linguistic FamilyMacu Puinave
BravosMansos
1.2.6.54 Puri-Coroado Linguistic FamilyCoroado Puri
1.2.6.55 Quechuan Linguistic FamilyAncash Hudnuco PascoAyacucho Junin QuijosCajamarca Lima Santiago del EsteroCuzco
1.2.6.56 Resigero Linguistic Family
1.2.6.57 Salivan (Piarora) Linguistic FamilyPiarora Saliva
1.2.6.58 Shirianan Linguistic FamilyCarirne Shirianá
Waika
1.2.6.59 Tacanan Linguistic FamilyAraona Chirigua TacanaArasa Guariza Tiatinagua
1.2.6.60 Teremembé Linguistic Family
1.2.6.61 Timote Linguistic FamilyCuica TimoteCuica Cama
Eskuke MocochiJajo Muku
1.2.6.62 Tucanoan Linguistic Family
36
EasternBara Coretu TucanoBuhagana Desana TucanoCubeo Erulia Tuyuca
WananaYahuna
WesternCorreguaje-Tama Pioje-Siona
1.2.6.63 Tikuna Linguistic Family
1.2.6.64 Tuyuneri Linguistic Family
1.2.6.65 Uru-Chipaya-Pukina Linguistic FamilyChipaya Pukina Uru
1.2.6.66 Warrauan Linguistic FamilyChaguan Mariusa Waikeri
1.2.6.67 Witotoan Linguistic FamilyMiranya-Boran Orejon Menekka
Miranya Witoto SéuneniNonuya Bue XuraOcaina-Muenane Jayruya
KaimeMekka
1.2.6.68 Yahganan Linguistic Family
1.2.6.69 Yunca-Puruhan Linguistic FamilyYuncan Atalén
Canyari CarakeChanco MantaChimu PunaManitaba TumbezMochicaMorropePuruhdYunca
1.2.6.70 Yuracarean Linguistic FamilyMansinyo Oromo Soloto
1.2.6.71 Zamucoan Linguistic FamilyChamacoco Zamuco
Caipotorade Guaranyoca
37
Chamacoco MorotocoImono PotureroTunacho Tapii
UgaranyoZamuco
1.2.6.72 Zaparoan Linguistic FamilyAndoa Coronado Zaparo
Guallpayo Coronado MantaGuasaga Oa MatagenMurato Gae Nushino
Arabela Iquito RotunoSemigáe Supinu
Asuni
VOL II. HISTORICAL AGE FROM THE 30th CENT. B.C.TILL THE 1st CENT. B.C.
2.1. 30th Cent. B.C.-21st Cent. B.C. (Bronze Age)
Agade Period Gauran phase Sumerian PeriodAegean Civilization Helladic civilization Earliest CuneiformAkkadian Civilization Indus Valley Writings
Civilization Erech (UrukAmorites I (Byblos Mohenjo Daro, Warka city)
Mari cities) Harappa Eridu cityCananites-Bethshan, 5,15-25 Iranic (old) Civilization Lagash cityChinese Cvilization (Turung Tepe) Nippur cityDanubian Civilization Jomon period Umma cityEgyptian Empire Ur city
(I-X Dynasties) Tripolye CultureProto-Elamite Usatovo Culture
Ochre-Grave cultureZiggurat
2.2. 20th Cent. B.C.Amorites Elamite Lipit-Ishtar's CodeBilalama's Code Gudea of Lagash Old Hittite Kingdom
Ur-Namu's Code2.3 19th Cent. B.C.
Emmerkar Gilagamesh Story of Sinuheand the Epic
Lord of Aratta
38
2.4 18th Cent. B.C.Enuma Elish Hammurabi's Code Mari Texts
2.5 17th Cent. B.C.Androvono culture Hyksos Ras ShamraHurrians Mitannia (Ugaritic)
2.6 16th Cent. B.C.Ahmosis I The Ox and Egyptian religionBabylonian Period the Horse from 11th to 26th
Isin-Larsa Cities The Fable of dynastyFables Literature Fox Kingdom of Mitanni
The Tamarisk and The Fable of the Minoan civilizationThe Palm Riding DonkeyThe Fable of The Cassites
Willow China (old)Nisaba and Wheat Haruspical Bones
with Inscriptions(16-13th cent. B.C.)
2.7 15th Cent. B.C.Amenophis 11 Nuzi texts Thutmosis IIICrete civilization Proto-Sinaitic
InscriptionsRgveda 1, 71-99.
2.8 14th Cent. B.C.Amenophis IV Cassite period The El-Amarna
The Poem of the LettersRighteous Myceanaean civilizationSufferer
Hymns and PreceptsTheodicy
2.9 13th Cent. B.C.Hittites TroyPhrygians Vedic Literature
AtharvavedaSamaveda,Samkhya, 24,3-29Yajurveda
2.10 12th Cent. B.C.Aramaeans Luwian Phoenician-CanaaniteAssyrian Empire Moabite Religion ReligionHebrew Literature Philistine Religion Tiglath-Pileser I
(Judges) Tate of Wenamun
39
Ugaritic Tablets2.11 11th Cent. B.C.
Amenemope Aramaean kingdoms KandjurAnnals of China's Damascus
History HamathZobath
2.12 10th Cent. B.C.Karasuk Culture Kingdom of Israel Ramana Culture
2 Sam 9-20 Yahwistic Literature
2.13 9th Cent. B.C.Ashurnasirpal 11 Moab Shalmaneser IIIElohistic Literature Parsvanata Hieroglyphic
Upanishads, 7,252-69 HittiteCarthage
2.14 8th Cent. B.C.Amos’ book Cimmerians Micheas' bookBhrahmana Egypt XXV Osee's book
Literature Dynasty Scythians(Aranyakas) Homer Tiglath-Pileser III10th Cent. Isaiah's book Urartu
ch.1-39
2.15 7th Cent. B.C.Archilocus.6, 112-25 Etruscan religion Naham’s bookArabic (South) Habakkuk's book Nahum's book
Inscriptions Hesiod NebuchadnezzarAshurbanipal Kings’book 1-2 ScythiansChaldeans Leviticus Sennacherib's AnnalsEgypt XXVI Sophonias' book
DynastyEsarhaddon
2.16 6th Cent. B.C.Aggeus' book Gautama Buddha Mahavira VardhamanaAjivikas Greek Archaic Milesian School, 3,256-63Aranyaka Litterature Religion PersepolisBuddhism (early) Ionic-school PythagorasCarvakas Anaximander Roman PrehistoricConfucius Anaximenes of Religion(K'ung Fu-tzu) Miletus Samuel's book, 1-2Cyrus Thales exc. 2 Sam 9-20)Darius I Janinism SariputraDeutero-Isaiah, 4,103-21,164-5 Jeremiah's book Trito-Isaiah (ch. 56-66)
40
(ch. 40-55) Joshua's book(exc. ch. 12-26) (final red.) Wu-king
Deuteronomy Judges’ Book I-kingEzechiel's book (final red.) Li-king
Kush Kingdom Shi-kingLachish letters Shu-king
Lamentations Tsh'un-ts'iuLao-tze or Lao-tzu Xenophanes, 7,102-16
ZarathrustraZechariah 1-8
2.17 5th Cent. B.C.Aeschylus Exodus-book ProtagorasAnaxagoras,12,172-87 Genesis-book Proverbs of OTArabic (North) Greek Classic Psalms of OT
Inscriptions Religion (final red.)Aristophanes Heraclitus Ramyana of Valmiki
Atomists Herodotus Ruth's bookDemocritus of Jonah's book Socrates
Abdera Kalpa sutras, 2,172-87 SophistsLeucippus Grhya sutras Gorgias of Leontini
Camonica Valley Malachi's book Prodicus of CeosElephantine Papyri Mahbhiarata of SophoclesElliptic School Vasa ThucydidesParmenides, 7,220-32 Mo-Tzu Zechariah's book (9-14)Zeno of Elea Parmenides Xerxes IEmpedocles PericleEuripides 8:92-104
2.18 4th Cent. B.C.Alexander the Great Plato, 4,24-57, 15,202-15.Aristotle, 5,210-29-49,265-70 Punic inscriptionsAvesta books Joel's book Scepticism (firstAxum Kingdom Kautilya Arthasatra period)Bhaša Mencius Pyrrho of Elis
Daridra- Meng-tse Nn Song of Songs of OTCharudatta Naahataca Tao Te Ching of
Pratijna- Nehemiah's book Lao-tseYaugand- Nyaya System Taoism
harayan Obadiah's Book Yang ChuSvapna-Vasavadatta Panini Chang TzuUrubhanga Xenocrates
Chronicles, 1-2Cynicism
AntisthenesCrates of ThebesDiogenes
Ezra's book
41
Gathas
2.19 3rd Cent. B.C.Archimedes Epicurism MahajanaAristarchus of Epicurus MahasanghikasSamos Eratosthenes PalmyceneCallimachus Euclid Parthian empireCynicism (second Hellenistic Greek Samaritans
period) Religion StoicismBion of Hinayana Cleanthes of Assos
Borysthenes Sarvastivadins Chrysippus of SoloiMenippus of Gadara Theravadins Yayoi PeriodCercidas Zeno of Citium
Ecclesiastes of OT
2.20 2nd Cent. B.C.Asmedes Mimamsa PuranasBaruch's book Jeremiah's Letter Roman RepublicanBhagavad-Gita Jubilees Classic religionBhakti Kapila Solomon's PsalmsDaniel's book Maccbeees’ Books Stoicism (Middle)Dong-son Culture 1-2 Panaetius of RhodesEcclesiasticus Manusmrt Testament of the
(Sirach) Patanjali Twelve PatriarchsEssene Patañjali Tobias's bookEsther's book Mahabhasya Vaisesika SystemJaimini Vedanta Philosophy
Yoga, 27, 3-282.21 1st Cent. B.C.
Assumption of Moses Lucretius Qumran LiteraureCicero Marcus Milindapancha Sutras
Tullius New Pythagoreanism TripitakaEnoch I Poseidonoius of AbhidhammaGreek Religion of Apameia Sutta
the Roman Period Puspadanta and VinayaHorace Bhutavali Publius Vergilius Maro, 6, 205-20Judith's Book Wisdom of Solomon
3 VOL III. HISTORICAL AGE FROM THE 1st CENT. A.D.TILL 19th CENT. A.D.
3.1.1 IST Cent. A.D.Adam's book Esdra IV-V Philemon
42
Abraham's Book Hebrews (Letter)1,181-92,193-01 PhilippiansApocalypse Hebrew Gospel Romans
Acts of the Apostles, 20, 3-22 James' Letter Thessal.I,II, 2, 56-71Apocalypse of John Jesus of Nazareth,13,164-76 Timothy 1-2Clementine Letter I John's Gospel, 12, 84-103 TitusCynicism (third Josephus, F. Peter I (letter)
period) Kundakunda PhiloDemetrius Luke's Gospel Pliny the ElderDemonax Mark's Gospel,12,169-76 PlutarchDio Chrysostom Matthew's Gospel Roman Religion of theOenomaus of Pauline Early Empire
Gadara Letters to SenecaDamascus writings Colossians Solomon's OdesDigambara Corinthians Wang Ch'ungSvetambara 1-2 Lun-Heng
Eclectic school EphesiansPotamon of Galatians
Alexandria
3.2 2nd Cent. A.D.
Andrews' Acts Heraclon Naga~una Madhyamika-Apostolic Literature Marcion karikasBarnabas Letter Ptolemy Oxyropynchus PapyriClementine Valentinus Panchatantra
Letter 2 Coptic Gnostic Paul's ActsDidache Writings GospelDiognetus' Letter Hegesippus Peter's Letter 2Hermas Pastor Hermes Trismegistos ApocalypsePolycarp's Letter Ignatius of Antioch ActsAthenagoras Iranaeus of Lyons GospelAsvaghosa John's Letters, 1-3 Philip's Acts
Buddhacharita Acts Ptolemy ClaudiusSaundarananda Jude's Letter Sextus EmpiricusBadarayana Justin, 21,18-34 Sutras
Vedanta System Kanada AvatamsakaBaruch 2 Book Vaise ika System KarandavyuhaCelsus Marcus Aurelius LankavataraClement of Alexandria Melito of Sardis PrajnaparamitaEbionites Millenarism SaddharmaEgyotian Minucius Felix PundarIkaEgyptian Gospel Montanism SukhavativyuhaEncratites Tannaitic MidrashimEpictetus TatianGalen Theodotus ofGnosticism Byzantium
Basilides Theophilus of Antioch
43
Cerinthus Thomas' Acts,Gospel of Truth, 4, 279-96 Gospel
VajrayanaWu-liang Chin-ching of
Shikao3.3 3rd Cent. A.D.
Apostles' Creed Lucian of Samosata Paul of SamosataBharata Manhdvas Monarchianism
Natya-Sastra Aryadeva PlotinusCh'ing-t'an (Seven Mani, 4,122-143 Praxeas
Sages of the Manicheism PatripassionismBamboo grave) Methodius Sabellius
Cyprian of Carthage Mitraism ModalismDidascalia Neoplatonism School of AlexandriaDionysius of Ammonius School of Antioch
Alexandria Saccas TertullianHippolytus Porphyry Thomas ChristiansIsvara Krishna Novatian
Sankhya Karika Origen
3.4 4th Cent. A.D.Abhidharma Kosa Constantinople Council Fa-HienAmbrose of Milan I, 16,266-7 Firmicus MatermisAnthony of Egypt Constitutiones Gregory of NazianzusAphraates Apostolicae Gregory of NyssaApollinaris of Cyril of Hilary of Poitiers
Laodicea Jerusalem Jerusalem TalmudApollinarism Diamond Sutra John ChrysostomArius Didymus of KohungArianism Alexandria MacedonianismAsanga Diodore of Tarsus Marius Victorinus
Basubandhu Donatism Nicaea I Council, 16,264-6Mahayana- Elia's Apocalypse Pachomius
samparigraha Ephrem the Syrian Cenobitic MonasticismYogacara Epiphanius Patanjali
Athanasius Epiphanius' Creed PatanjaliAxum Kingdom Eusebius of Caesarea Yogasutras
VasubandhuSarvastivadaVijnpatimatrata
3.5 5th Cent. A.D.Alvars Eutyches PelagiusAmidism lbas PelagianismAryabatta Jerome Prasangikas
44
Augustine, 18,20:33 Kalidasa PriscillianismBabaj Kumarasambhava ProchusBuddhaghosa Malavikagnimitra Prosperus ofCassian Mehaduta AquitaineChalcedon Council, 16,268-9 Raghuvamsa RufinusChan Vikramorvasiya Theodore ofCyril of Alexandria Leo the Great MopsuestiaDignasa Monophysitism Theodoret of CyrDionysius the Narsai of Nisibis Vincent of LerinsPseudo- Nestorius Vyasa
Areopagite Nestorianisma YogabhasyaEphesus Council,16, 267-8Hsien Ling-yün, 21, 315-25
3.6 6th Cent. A.D.Benedict of Nursia Caesarius of Arles Justinian the EmperiorBharavi Cassiodorus Nyin-Ma-Pa
Kiratarjuniya Chih-k'ai MonophysitismBodhidharma Constantinople II Paramarta
Dhyana school Council,16,269-70 PrasástapadaBoethius Dign ga Severus of AntiochFulgentiusof Ruspe Tantrism
Gregory the Great Tantra LiteratureJames of Sarugh Varahamihira
3.7 7th Cent. A.D.Ali ibn Gaudapada PancaratraAbi Talib Gyôki PrabhakaraAlvars (The Late) Nara Schools Prince Shotoku
Andal Harsha 17 ConsitutionsNammalvar Nagananda SamayacharyasPerialvar Priyadarsika (Ti-rumurai)Tirumalisai Ratnavali ApparTirumangai Hiuan-Tsang Manikkavasagar
Bana Isidore of Seville SambandarKadambari James of Edessa Sundarar
Harsacharita Jezidis SantidevaBhartrahari Koran Shôtuku-TaishiBhatti Kumarila Subandu
Bhatti-kavya Kwalluk VaavadattaClimacus Magha T'u-shunConstantinople III Sisupalavadha Hua-yen
Council, 16, 270-1 Mandanamisra UddyotakaraDandin Maximus theDasakumara- Confessor
charita Muhammad, 5, 26-38Dharmakirta
45
3.8 8th Cent. A.D.Adoptianism Fudoki ParseesAlcuin Ganjin QuaraismAkalanka Vinaya (Ritsu) SantaralsitaBhavabhutia Narayana School Shin-sho
Veni Samhara Hasan of Basra AvatamsakaBhavabhuti John of Damascus (Kegon) SchoolMalati Madhava Khazars Shôrnu-TerinôMahavaracharita Kojiki Shubhakara-SimbaUttararama- Manyoshu Tibet's Buddhism
charita Mutazilism Padma SambhavaBede the Venerable Nicaea II Council,16,271 RnyinmapaBoniface Nihonshoki UdyotanasuriCharlemagne
3.9 9th Cent. A.D.Ahmad Ibn Hanbal John Scotus Erigena Rabanus MaurusAnandavardhana Junayd Saicho
Dhvanyaloka Kanem-Bornu JinasenaBeowulf, 10,164-85 Kingdom TendaiSchoolBhaskara Keikai VidjanandaCarolingian Epoch Nihon-Ryoiki Saiva AgamasConstantinople IV Kindi, al, 17, 4-16 Saiva SiddhantaCouncil, 16, 271-2 Kukai SankaraGhana Kingdom Shingon School VisakhadattaHincmar of Reims Paschasius Radbertus Mudra-Rakshasa
Photius
3.10 10th Cent. A.D.Abhinavagupta Eyvind the Plagiarist JnanasriAbu Said Ibn Farabi Pratyabhijna
Abi'l-Khayr Fatimids SystemAsh'ari Genshin Saadia ak FayumiBragi Boddason, Òjò-yôshû Thadalf of Hvin
the Old Hallaj Husain ibn Thorbjörn HornklofiEilif Godrunarson Mansur al Hallaj Ult UggasonEngishiki Harald Finehair Somadeva
VacaspatimisraYamunacharya
3.11 11th Cent. A.D.Albigenses Firdausi (Abdul NadopaAnselm of Qasim Mansu) Nannayya
Canterbury, 12, 177-91 Gregory VII Peter Damian
46
Atisha Hitopadesa RamanujaAvicebron Hemacandra RatnakirtiAvicenna Ibn Sina, 10, 252-71 Honjisui- UdayanacaryaBah-ya Ibn Pakuda jaku-setsu Nyaya-kusumanjaliBasava Kangyur VadisimhasuriLingayats Krishna MisraBerengarius of Prabodha
Tours ChandrodayaBibhana MarpaBogomil Mila Ras-paBruno of Cologne Murasaki-Shikibu
Genji-Monogatari
3.12 12th Cent. A.D.Abelard Gilbert de la Porrée Lateran I-III Council,6,272-4Amalrich of Bene Heloise Madhva AnandatirthaAri Thorgilsson Hildegard of Bingen,11,190-3Maimonides, 14, 165-84Avempace (Ibn Honen (Genku) Omar Khayyam
Baja) Jodo sectPeter LombardAverroes (Ibn Hugh of St.Victor,3,84-113Richard of St. Victor, 6,621-43
Rushd) Jacob Bar-Salibi Rinsai-ZenBernard of Clairvaux JayadevaSaemund SigfussonCathari Gitagovinda Saxo GrammaticusChu Hsi Jehuda ben Samuel SriharshaEizai Halevi TheodoricusFakhr al-Din al-Razi 2,264-91 Joachim of Fiore WaldensesGangesa KakubanWang Ch'ung-Yang
Navya-Nyaya Kalhana Chu'üan-ChenGhazaIi Konjaki-Monogatari Twelfth Century Logic,6,22-32
3.13 13th Cent. A.D.Aissoua Gregory Bar- Monghka KhanAlbert the Great Haebreus NichirenAlexander of Hales Henry of Ghent Risshô-Ankoku-ronBacon, Roger Ibnu'l-Arabi NimbarkaBektashi Binu'l-Farid OddaverjarBonaventure Ippen-Tishûi Peter John OliviCabala Jalal-ad-Din Runi Robert GrossetesteDante Alighieri Ji sect SaadiDogen Jïen Shaseki-Shû
Sôtô Zen Gukan-Shô ShinranDominic Janeshvar Shin SchoolDuns Scotus Kamo-no-chomei Siger of BrabantEddaic Poetry Hô-jô-ki Snorii SturlisonElizabeth of Hungary Lateran IV,Council, 16, 214 Edda
47
Lyons I, II, Council,16, 274-6 GylfaginningFlagellants Madhva SubhataFrancis of Assisi Dvaita Vedanta DutangadaGertrude the Great Mechtild of Magdeburg Tarot
Thomas AquinasWilliam of Auvergne
3.14 14th Cent. A.D.Abdu'l-Karmi Imitation of Christ Shintô-Gobu-shoibn Ibr him al-Jili Karisekhara Suso, H.Brigid of Sweden Dhurta Samagana Tauler, J.Catherine of Siena Kesavamisra TaymiyyaCharles IV Tarkabhasa Tsong-Kha-paDurandus Kitabatake Ge-Lug-paEckhart,18, 34-53 Chikafusa Van Ruysbroek, J.Gerson, J. Jinno-shoto-ki VenkatanathaGroote, G. Ludolph of Saxony Sankalpa Suryo-Hafiiz (Shams ud- Lull, R. dayam
din Mohammed) Mali Kingdom Vienna Council, 16,276-7Heimericus, de Maneri, 15,4-19 Wycliffe, J.
Campo Mysticism Yoshida-KenkôIbn Taymiyya Occam, W. Tsurezure-gusa
Palamas, G., 21, 56-75Petrarch, F.Ruiz, J., 28,175-200
3.15 15th Cent. A.D.Basel Council,16, 278 Florence, Council,16, 277-8 Polizano, P.Benin Kingdom Humanism Pompanazzi, P.Bassarion, J. Huss, J. RaidhuBiel, G. Ichijô-Kanera Rennyo,Colombus, C. Kabir Songhai KingdomConstance Counc,16,277-8. Nicholas of Cusa Tudeschis, N. deCrescas, H. Oyo Kingdom Yoshida-ShintôDenis the Pico della Zeami
Carthusian Mirandola G. Zimbabwe CivilizationFicino, M.
3.16 16th Cent. A.D.Agrippa of Netteshein Concord Formula of Michelangelo, B.
1577& Book 1580 Molina, L.Akbar the Great Confessio Augustana Montaigne, M. deAlombrados Confessio Helvetica Nanak Guru SikhismAnabaptists Confutation of Peter of AlcantaraAngelus Silesius Confessio Pigge, A.(Scheffier, J.) Augustana Philip of Neri
48
Bacon, F., 15,172-184 Copernicus, N. Rabelais, F.Banarasidasa Cranmer, Th. RajusthanBañez, D.0 Eck, J. ShiBellarmin, R. Erasmus TaranathaBodin, J. Francis de Vitoria Schwenkfeld, K.Book of Common Heidelberg Sikhs, 2, 16-28, 13243-67
Prayer Catechism Spenser, E. 24, 88-10539 Articles Hutter, J. Suarez, F.
Brahe, T. Ignatius of Loyola,18,75-91 Telesio, B.Bruegel, P.2,29-39 Isaas Luria Teresa of AvilaBruno, G. John of Avila Trent Council, 16, 279-80Bunyoro State John of the Cross, 28,201-27 TulsidasCaitanya Kirishi Tan VallabhaCajetan Knox, J. SuddhadvaitaCalvin, J. Lateran V Counc.,16,278-9 Vasquez, G., 28,92-126Campanella, T. Leonardo da Vinci Wang Shou-JevCanisius, P. Lessius, L. Zwingli, U.Cervantes Saavedra, Lipsius, J.
de M., 28, 22-244 Louis of GranadaCharron, P. Louis of LeonCisneros, F. J. de Luther, M.Cusanus 15,252-74 Machiavelli, N.
Melachthon, P.More, St. Thomas, 12, 5-15Petric, F. 22, 256-63Ripalda, J.M.,16,185-208
3.17 17th Cent. A.B.Adigranth. Fox, G. Molinos, M.Arndt Galilei, G. Nakae-TojuBaxter, R. Gerhardt, P. NamdevBérulle, P. de Grotius, H Newton, IBossuet, J. B. de Herbert, E., 18, 264-74 Pascal, BBoyle, R., J. Herbert, G., 19, 162-7 PietismBohme,, J. Hobbes, T. QuakersBradstreet, A.,19, 257-84 Itô-Jinsai Ripalda, 16, 185-208Bunyan, J. Kaibara-Eiken Shakespeare, W., 23,319-338Calderon de la Keichû Sabbathai ZewiBarca, P., 21,252-72 Kepler, J. Simon, RCambridge Platonists Khusbhal Klan Singh, G.G., 13, 243-67Chantal, J. Khatuk Spencer, P.J.Frances de Kokugaku Spinoza, B., 10, 186-201;Charles de Condren Leibnitz, G. W 21,242-7Coccejus, J., 21,101-20 Locke, J., 3, 264-74 Suarez F., 25, 73-92Comenius, J. A., 20, 94-106 Lopez de Vega, F. Suzûki ShosanCrashaw, R.., 21, 48-53 Louis de la Puente Tirso de MolinaCudworth, R Lugo, J. Tukaran
49
Deism Mabillon, J Vincent de PaulDescartes, R. Malebranche, N. de Vincent of ContensonDiego Alvarez de Paz Margaret Mary of Alacoque Yamaga SokoDonne, J., 18, 92-101 Matsuo-Bashô Yamazaki AnsaiDryden, J.,12, 16-29 Milton, J., 9,84-102 Zera JakobEudes, J. MolièreFenelon, F. deFrancis de Sales
3.18 18th Cent. A.D.Abrahamites French Revolution Ogyu-~oraiAlembert, J. d' Godwin, W. Paine, T.Alphonsus Ligouri Grignion de Paul of the CrossAndo-Shôëki Montfort, L. M. Pope, A., 20,23-40Ashanti Kingdom Hamman, J.G.4,297-309,314 Priestly, J.Bach, J. S. Hartley, D. Radischev, A. N.Beccaria, C. B. Herder, J. G. Raynal, G. T. F.Berkeley, G. Hermann, A. A. C. Reimarus, H. S.Bhagavatidasa Hirose Tanso Rousseau, J. J.Blake, W.10,101-20 Holbach, P. H. D. Saint-Simon, C. H. deBolingbroke, H. Honda-Toshi5ki ShaftesburyBurke, E. Hume, D. Schiller, J. C. F. vonButler, J., 4,213-24,248-53 Ishida Baigan Singaku Swift, J. 12, 30-42Chassidism Jefferson, T Swedenborg, E.17,184-96Chikamatsu- Johnson, S. 21.160-76. Tayumanavar
Monzaemon Kamo Mabuchi Tersteegen, G.Condorcet, Kant I.17,85-149 Thompson, B.
M. J. A. de Lamarck, J-B. de TodaramallaDahomey Kingdom Lessing, G. E. Toland, J.Diderot, D. 3,23-49 Lobachevsky, N. 1. Tominaga-NakamotoDoukhobors Lomonosov, M. V. TyagarajaDyanatarava Mather, C 24, 280-91 UnitarismEdwards, J. Mendelssohn Vico, G. 25, 93-126Encyclopedism Miura Baien Voltaire, F. M.Enlightenment, Miyake-Shôsai Wesley, JEnglish Pre-romantinc Poetry Montesquieu, C. de Wolff, C. von.
9,37-55 Motoori-Norinaga Zinzendorf, N. L.Equiano, O. 24, 259-79 Kojiki-dennFranklin, BFreemason
3.19 19th Cent. A.D. Green, T. H.13, 3-13 Nietzsche, F. W. 5, 280-95Ahmad, M.G. 17,17-32 Grimm, J. Ninomiya-SontokuAbbot, F. E. Grundtvig, N. F. S. Norwid, C. 20, 147-56Abduh, Muhammad Haeckel, E. Old Catholics
50
Adventists Hahn, J. M. Old LutheransAgnihotri Harnack, A. Olcott, H. S
Dev-Samaj Hegel, G. W. F Palagyi, M. 19, 3-15Anagarika Heine, H. Pasteur, L.Dhammapala Herzen, A. I Peirce, C.S. 16, 9-26Mahabodhi Hirata-Atsutane Pestalozzi, J. H.
Arnold, M. 12,43-60 Hopkins, G. M.12, 61-80 Pisazev, D. I.Baha 'Ullah Howison, G. H. Pius IX
Bahaism Humboldt, W Pope, A .20, 23-40Bain, A. Irving, E. Proudhon P.J.Bakunin, M. James, W.2,40-58;16,141-8 Pushkin, A. S.Balzac, H. de Johnson, S. 21,160-76 RationalismBeethoven, L. 22, 4-23 Judge, W. Q. Reformed Conservative
JudaismBelinsky, V. S. Kaiho-Seiryô Renan, E.Besant, A. Kareyev, N. T. Riemann, G. F.Blavatsky, H. P. Keshab Candra Rosmini, ABolzano, B. Sen Roy, RammohanBooth, W. Khomiakov Royce, J.
Salvation Army Kierkegaard, S,6, 283-99 Scheeben, MBrentano, F. Kitamura-Tokoku Schelling, F.W.J.9,56-69British Gothic Novels22,24-44 Kurozumi-Munetada Schlegel, F.Browning, E. B. 28, 2-20 Ladd, G. T.8, 245-61 Schleiermacher, FBrowning, R 10, 202-213 Laestadianism2, 188-204 Schopenhauer, A.Bulgakov, S. N. Laplace, P. S. de Sen KeshubBushnell, H. Lavrov, P. L. ChunderCampbell, T. and A. Lecky, W. E. H. Solovyov, V.Disciples of Christ Lermontov, M. Y. Sorel, A.Carey, W. Leo X111 Spencer, H.Carlyle, T. Leopardi, G. Spurgeon, C. H.ChaadaYev, P Lewes, G. H Strauss, D.Channing, W. E. Lincoln, A. Sumner, W. G.Chernyshesky, N. G. Liszt, F. Therese of LisieuxColeridge, S.9, 243-61;21,273-300 Tennyson, A. 14,245-62Compte, A. Livingstone, D Thomson, W.Cournot, A. A. Mach, E.Thororeau, H.D.26, 88-108Darwin, C.27, 219-34 Madach, I. Tolstoi, L. N.Dayanand Sarasvati Maltus, R. Thomism .
Arya Samaj Manzoni, A. Trubetsoi, S. N.Dickinson, E. 15,112-25 Marx, K. 11,23-42 Twain, M. CDilthey, W. Masaryk , T. G. Uchimura-KanzôDobroljubov, N. A. Maurice, F. D. Vatican I. Council,16, 280-1Dostoevski, F. M. Maxwell, J. C. Vianney, J. M. B.Emerson, R. W. 15, 112-25 Melville, H.5, 104-17. Weight, C. 16, 27-44Engels, F. Mendel, G Wilde, O. 4, 225-53Faraday, M.17, 167-83 Mill, J. Wordsworth, W. 13, 177-200Feuerbach, L. Mirza Ali Mohammed Wright, C. 16, 27-44
51
Fichte, J. G. Babism, Bahaism Yokoi ShônanFresnel, A. Mirza Ghulam, AhmadFukuzawa-Yukichi AhmediyyaGauss, C. F. Mozoomdar, P. C.Gioberti, V. Muller, F. MGoethe, J. W. Newmann, J. H
52
4 VOL IV. HISTORICAL AGE: 20th CENTURY A.D.
4.1 IndividualsAchebe,C. Brunner, E. Ferre, N.E.S. 9:103-16Adenauer, K. Broad, C. H. . Florovsky, GAdy, E. Buber, M.17,33-49;19,285-91 Farah, Nuruddin, 19,189-205Ahad Haam Buchner, E Fosdick, H. E.Alexander, S. 1,130-48 Bullough, E. 201-21;14,183-43.Frank, A.Allport, G. W. Bultmann, R. Frank, S. LAlthaus, P. Camus, A. 10,121-139 Frankl, V. E. 5,118-39Altizer, T. A. J 1,258-77,299 Carnap, R. Frazer, J. GAmu, E. 10, 39-53 Cassirer, E. Freud, S.Anezaki-Masaharu Chenu, M.. D Frost, R.5,126-44.Asturias, M. A. 24, 106-116 Cholokhov Frye, N.15,185-94;22, 45-68Aurobindo Sri (Soloxov), M. A Gadamer, H.
Ghosh. Churchill. W. Gandhi, M.Auden, W. H. 11, 39-53 Claudel, P. Gaulle, C. deAustin, J. Cohen, H.. Gentile, G.Awolowo, O. 10,3-13 Collete, S-G. 28, 291-314 Gide, A.Ayer, A. J. Collingwood, R.G..7,270-87,8,134.Baker, G. Congar. Y Gilkey, L.Balthasar, H. U. Coomaraswamy Gilson, E.Barth, K Cox, H. Girard, R. 26, 247-62Bartok, B Croce, B. Gogarten, F.Beauvoir, S. de 11,196-211 Cullmann, 0 Gorki, M.Berdyaev, N. 2, 109-34 Daly, M. 11,212-32 Graham, W. F.Berger, P. Daniélou, J Green, J. 26, 109-25Berger, J. 25, 168-84 Habermas, J.26, 126-49Bergman, H. 14,231-8 De Gasperi, A Hamilton, W.Bergson, H De la Taille, M. Hammarskjold, H. A..C.Bernanos, G Dewey, J. 16,45-55, 21.144-55 Hare, R.Bernhardt, 0. E . Diop, D. Harris, L. 26, 22-48Blanshard, B. Douglas, M.13, 109-21 Hartshorne, C.1,15-29Bloch, E. Dumery, H Hawking, S. 20, 61-73Blondel, M. Dunayevskaya, R. 22, 276-93 Heaney, S.28, 268-90Boas, F Durkheim, E. Heidegger, M.3,114-34,11-115Bohr, N. Ebner, F.20, 93-8 Heiler, F.Bombard, A Einstein, A. 19, 16-21 Heisenberg, W.Bosanquet, B. Eliade. M. 21,84-91 Hisamtsu, S. 15, 20-35Bonhoeffer, D Eliot, T. S. 16,209-27 Hitler, ABowne, B P. 2, 205-27 Ellul, J Horkheimer, M. 27, 188-218Braithwaite, R. B. Endo, S. 24, 292-321 Hoyle, F.Bradley, F. H. Erikson, E. Hugel, F.Bremond, H. Escriva, J. M. Husserl, E.Broad, C. H. Huxley, J. S.
53
Jaspers. K. Malinowsky, B Pius XIJeffers, R. 6, 126-38 Malraux, A. Pius XIIJohn XXIII Mann, T. Planck, M.Joyce, J. Mao Tse-tung Plantinga, A. 23, 211-37Jung, C. G Marcel, G. 8, 4-23 Polanyi, M.9,262-75;10,142-5Kafka, F. Maréchal, J.7, 62-7 Popper, K.Kallen, H. M Maritain, J. Premchand, Q.W.VKane, C. H Marrcuse, H. Przywara, E. 12, 192-201Kandinsky, V. 2,228-58 Marshall, G. S Purcareate S., 23, 4-11Karman, T. 20, 123-30 Mascall, E. LKarsavin, L. P. Maulnier, T Rachels, J 18, 275-88Kazantzakis, N. 21,177-194 Mauriac, F. Radhakrishnan, S.Kennedy, J Mathews, S.6,52-6;8,299-903 Rahner, K.Kerenyi, K McLuhan, M. 13,21-32 Raman, C. V.Khomeini,9, 117-33 Mead, G. H. 16 57-72 Ramana MaharshiKing, M. L. Merleau-Ponty, M.12,202-9 Reymont, LKishimoto-Hideo Michelstaedter, C Ricoeur, P.3, 243-4, 275-313, 318-21Kiyosawa-Mansh Moltmann, J Rilke, R. M.Knudson, A. K. Mondrian, P. 23,339-76 Robinson, R. MKönig, F. Montessori, M Roosevelt, F. D.Krcmery, S. 20. 179-90 Moore G.E. Rosenzweig, F.Kroeber, H. L Morgan, C. L Rostand, JKruger, G. 10,214-27 Mori, A. 21,106-15 Royce, J. 3, 168-86Laberthonniere, L Murphy, A.E.16, 73-86 Russell, B.Lagrange, G. Mussolini, B Rutherford, N.Lapshire, I. I. Nagel, E. Ryle, G.Lavelle, L Nakae-Chômin Ryle, M.Laye, C. Nehru, J. Santayan, G. 16, 87-96, 134-7Leeuw, G. van der Neumann, J. 20,134-7 Sartre, J. P.Lenin, V. I. Neurath, 0. Scheler, M. 3,135-43Leopold, A. 19,168-88 Niebuhr, H. Richard,11,267-79Schlick, M.Levinas, E. 14 99-108 Niebuhr, Reinhold Schmaus, MLe Senne, R. Nishida-Kitarô Schmidt, W.Levi-Strauss, C. 21, 135-43 Nkrumah, K.10, 14-28 Schweitzer, A.Levy-Bruhl, L Nyerere, J.17, 50-69 Sciacca, M. F.2, 292-320Lewis, C. I. 7, 3-20. O’ Connor F. 28, 109-126 Senghor, L.14 30-45Li Dazhao, 9,188-209 Okada, M. 11, 279-93 Shestov, L.I.2, 59-68,6,152-7Lippert, P Ortega y Gasset, J.18, 54-65 Sinyavski, A. 8, 224-8 .Lippmann, W Otto, R. Smuts J. 7,288-97, 3, 15-21Lodge, D. 28, 315-29 Pannenberg, W. Soddy, F.Loisy, A . Pannikar,R.19,115-31 Soderblom, N.Lonergan, B. 4,59-89 Patocka, J 20, 262-75 Solzhenitsyn, A.1, 20-221Lubac, H. de Paul VI Sorokin, P.A.12, 96-121Lukacs, G. 13,268-82 Peguy, C. Sot’aesan., 15, 36-47Macmurray, J.21,92-105 Percy, W. 24, 181-208 Spengler, OMcquarrie, J.6,300-20 Pirandello, L Stalin, J. VMalcolm, X. 13, 35-39 Pius X Stein, E..26, 263-82
54
Steiner, R. Temple, W Weber,.M. 13, 84-95Stevens, W. 15, 145-166 Thornton, L. S Weil, S. 22, 223-246Stout, G. F Tillak, B. G Weiss, P. 16, 97-109Strawson, P Tillich, P. 16, 149-66 Weizsäcker, C. FSuzuki-Daisetsu Torres C Whitehead, A.N. 15, 275-85(Teitaro) Toynbee,A Whorf, B. E.5,140-50Szilard, L Troeltsch, E. 81, 94-11 Wieman H. N.Tagore, R. Trubetskoi, S. N. Wiener, N,Takayama-Rinjirô Thurman, H.11, 85-101 Wiesel, E. 1, 278-98Tamasi, A. 20, 165-178 Unamuno y Jugo, M Wigner, E.2), 130-4Tanabe-Hajime Underhill, E Williams, CTawney, R. H Van Buren, P. Wittgenstein, L.Taylor, A. E Vatican 2 Council, 16, 282 Wojtyla, K. 18,102-18Teilhard de Vienna Circle Wust, P. 28, 245-63
Chardin, P. 23, 238-59 Ward, J.Teller, E. 20, 141-6 Watsuji-Tetsurô
4.2 ArtAesthetics Music Painting 18, 292-7Architecture African 10,29-38,39-53 Poetry, Chinese 14, 48-59Dance 18,160-75,212-2 PhotographyFashion Serbian, 20, 191-5 Science FictionFilm, 15, 237-47 (Ingmar) Painting 18,292-7 SculptureMask, 8, 24-39 Icon 5,296-313, 328-9 Television
4.3 CountriesAfghanistan Germany MozambiqueAlbania Ghana NamibiaAlgeria Great Britain NauruAngola Greece NepalArgentina Guatemala NetherlandsAustralia Guinea New ZealandAustria Guyana NicaraguaBahamas Haiti NigerBahrain Herzegovina NigeriaBangladesh Honduras NorwayBarbados Hungary OmanBelgium Iceland PakistanBhutan India PanamaBolivia Indonesia ParaguayBotswana Iran PeruBrazil Iraq PhilippinesBulgaria Ireland Poland
55
Burkina Faso Israel PortugalBurma Italy QatarBurundi Italy RhodesiaCambodja Italy Rumania 20,157-64Cameroon Jamaica RussiaCanada 25, 3-25, 26,193-209 Japan Rusyin 21, 116-21Central African Republic Jordan RwandaChad Kenya San MarinoChile Korea Saudi ArabiaChina Kuwait SenegalColombia Laos Sierra LeoneCongo Lebanon SingaporeCosta Rica Lesotho SlovakiaCroatia Liberia SloveniaCuba Libya Somalia 19, 189-205Cyprus Liechtenstein South AfricaCzech Republic Luxembourg SpainDahomey Madagascar Sri LankaDenmark Malagasy SudanDominican Republic Malawi SwazilandEcuador Malaysia SwedenEgypt Maldives SwitzerlandEl Salvador Mali SyriaEthiopia Malta TanzaniaFinland Mauritania ThailandFiji Mauritius TogoFrance Mexico TongaGabon Mongolia Trinidad and TobagoGambia Morocco TunisiaTurkey Ukraine 20,196-204 YemenUganda Uruguay ZambiaUnited Arab Emirates Vietnam ZanzibarUnited States of Venezuela ZimbabweAmerica Western Samoa
cf. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
4.4 ReligionsAmish ConfucianismBahaism Druzean ReligionBonism Haitan Vodun 3, 187-199Brahmanism HinduismBuddhism Islam
Hinayana AhmadiyyaMahayana KharijismLamaism lbadism
56
Caodaism IslamChristianity 27,126-141,235-42 Mu'tazilitesEastern 8, 209-223 Isma'ilfism
Armenian Church Shi'ismByzantine Church Sufism, 3, 50-69Catholic Eastern Church SunnismCoptic Church JainismJacobite Church Judaism, 8, 40-8, 27, 94-107Malabar Christian OmotokyoNestorian Church Parsism
ShamanismWestern ShintoismAdventist Churches Sikhism 2,16-28Anglican Churches Soka-Gakkai 4, 144-150Baptist Churches TaoismChristian Scientists TenrikyoCongregational Church UnitariansDisciples of Christ WahhabismEpiscopalian Church Za'idisHutterites ZenJehovah's Witnesses ZoroastrianismLatter-day Saints 25, 185-202Lutheran ChurchesMethodist ChurchMoravian BrethrenMormon ChurchOld Catholic ChurchPentecostal ChurchesPresbyterian ChurchReformed (Calvinist) ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchSalvation ArmySociety of Friends (Quakers) 2, 135-142United Church of Canada 1, 100-114
57
4.5 SciencesAgriculture Genome Science 25, 274-94; 29, 1-120Anthropology, 10, 54-73 GeologyAstrology, Ecology, 8, 105-122;11, 294-309Astrophysics, 23, 260-76; 24, 209-54; Geophysics
25, 26-32; 27, 265-87; 28,149-64. OceanographyBiology, 12, 104-12 Hermeneutics
Sociobiology 7, 59-61;18, 240-50 HistoryBiochemical systems 5, 151-74 Literature 18, 222-45Biophilosophy 20, 244-323 MathematicsBotany Applied MathematicsBusiness and Management Catastrophe theory, 7, 298-312Corporate Business, 16, 241-44 Pure MathematicsChemistry StatisticsApplied Cheminstry Medical Sciences
Chemical Engineering Medieval Science, 9, 73-7Analytical Chemistry MetallurgyOrganic Chemistry Metaphysics 15, 195-201Physical and Inorganic NeuroscienceCognitive Social Psychology, 9, 210-31 Physics 11, 61-73;17,295-309; 18,13Communication 19; 50-68; 23,12-35;26, 35-149; 24, 135-49Computer Science 17, 277-94 AtomicCybernetics Mechanics and NuclearSocial Cybernetics 7, 117-32 Molecular and Solid StateVirtual reality TheoreticCulture CulturologyDemocracy Political Science, 8, 49-63Demography Psychology, 2,30-34Mass Communication Psychical Research, 7, 21-33Propaganda Psychogerontology 16, 228-40Public Opinion Science 6, 270-82, 8, 143-53; 11, 150-6Economics Scientific Discovery 3, 144-163Education, 21, 195-209 SociologyEngineering Social Conflict
Aeronautical Social Psychology 12,113-32, 272-2Chemical and Nuclear Sociology of Religion10, 272-81; 13, 145-56, 291-4Civil 13, 145-156 Socio-Symbol 7, 49-61Electrical Technology, 9, 4-16Industrial Theodicy, 22, 106-23. 30-26Mechanical Theology, 10, 244-51,18, 50-68Mining TransportationSpace Research Zoology
58
4.6 States of Human Beings
AgeChild Youth Adult (Male/Female)
(Male/Female) (Male/Female) Old (Male/Female)
EmotionA. Impulse B. ContendingPositive Positive
love hopedesire daringjoy, etc. anger, etc.
Negative Negativehate despairaversion fear,sadness, etc. etc.,
HealthPhysical Psychological
Good OrdinaryPoor PathologicalBlind RetardedDeafHandicapped
Living ConditionsClass DifferencesEthnic Differences
with high income with average income with low incomecity city citycountry country countrysuburb suburb19,132-9, 23,277-84
Race and ColourBlack Red WhiteYellow
SexMale Female
Married Married, Japonese 11,166-183Unmarried Unmarried 11, 183-95
ProfessionActor/Actress Horticulturalist
59
Advertiser JudgeAgriculturalist LawyerAnimal Scientist LibrarianArchivist Human ScientistArmed Forces Officer ManagerArtisan Museum CuratorArtist NurseAuctioneer PhysicianBroker Physiologist, 11, 24-309Businessman Police OfficerCartoonist PoliticianCriminologist 8, 196-208 PriestDetective Ecologist Probation OfficerEditor Public Relation OfficerEducator Recreation DirectorEmployer-employee ReligiousEntertainerFarmerForester
Religious CommunitiesAnglican
Benedictine CommunityBrotherhood of the H. Cross Orthodox Religious Communities
Community of the Resurrection Armenian orderOrder of St. Paul Basilian orderSociety of St. John the Evangelist Lebanese orderSociety of St. Francis MechitaristsSister Communities Protestant Religious Communities
Catholic Ansgar BruderschaftAugustinians Brigid's orderBasilians BruderhofeBenedictines Communità di Agape
Brothers of the Christian Schools Communauté de WillemettrieCarmelites DeaconessesCarthusians Ev. Michaels-BruderschaftCistercians GrandchampCongregation of the Holy Cross MarienschwesternschaftCongregation of the Holy Spirit Ordo crucisCongregation of the Sacred Heart Selbitzer ChristusbruderschaftDominicans Taize-les ClunyFranciscans Theological OratoriumHospitallers of St. John of God WikasHoly Ghost Missionaries
Immaculate Heart Missionaries Non-Christian Religious CommunitiesBuddhist monks
Jesuits Bhikkus
60
Marianists BhikkhunisMarist Fathers Secret Societies of ChinaMaronite Order of St. Anthony Hindu monksMechitarists (Catholic) Ramakrishna MissionMissionary Sisters of the Precious Jain monks
Blood Islam SufisMontfort Fathers BaqtashiOblates DervishOpus Dei FaquirsOratorians MaulaviPallottines QadiriPassionists RifaiPaulists Tibetan monksPauline FathersPiarists Secular Communities
Premonstratensians SalesmanRedemptorists ScientistSacred Heart Society SecretarySalesians Social workerSalvatorians StatesmanServites Teacher/ ProfessorSociety of the Divine Word Transportation OfficerSulpicians WorkmanTrappists in agricultureUrsulines in industryVincentians WriterWhite Fathers
4.7 SystemsAbsolute Idealism Holism, 9,134-55Absolutology HylozoismAfrican Liberation IdealismAgnosticism ImmanentismAmerican Liberal Interactionism
Religious Thought, 8, 288-98 IrrationalismAmerican Pragmatism, 16,120-27 IrredentismAmerican Protestant Liberalism
Neo-Orthodoxy, 8, 277-87 Life-PhilosophyAmerican Religious Linguistic Analysis
Humanism 8, 262-76 Logical PositivismAnalytic Philosophy, 4, 151-62 Logotherapy,5,118-39Anarchism MaterialismAsian Identity Marxism
61
Atheism MechanismAtomism Modern Spiritualist,11,102-30Behavioral Correlates, 7,133-155 NationalismBiblical Theology NaturalismBlack Consciousness NazismCabalistic World View2, 231-29 Neo-IdealismCategorial Analysis, 5, 39-57 NihilismChicago School, 6, 51-8, 299-303 NominalismClassicism OntologismCommunism PanentheismCounciliar Theology, 16, 255-89 Panpsychism, 1,115-29Death of God ParipsychismDeism PantheismDualism PanvitalismDynamism PessimismEmpiricism PerceptualismEthicism PersonalismEthnocentrism Phenomenology, 24, 117-34Eurocentrism, 7, 237-46; 26,74-83 Philosophy of Creativity, 2, 143-62Evolutionism Philosophy of CultureExistentialism Philosophy of SpiritFanatacism PositivismFascism PragmatismFatalism Presuppositionless PhilosophyFeminism PsychoanalysisFideism RadicalismFreethinker movement RationalismFundamentalism RelativismGlobalism RomanticismHappiness, 25, 148-58 SecularismHedonism Selection Theory, 5, 250-72Semantic Theory TheismSkepticism TheosophySocialism Transcultural AnalysisSolipsism L, Unity of Knowledge 11,122-30Subjectivism UtilitarianismSyndicalism Verbal AnalysisSystematic Theology VitalismSystems Philosophy 1,223-30 Yoga
5. U.R.A.M. Science of Ultimate Reality and Meaning
1:325; 2:354; 3:144-63. 346; 4:318-24. 342, 5:37 1; 6:339-42; 7 :339-40; 8:231-37;333-34; 9:320 10:320; 11:328; 12:xix-xx; 13:xvii; 14::xv; 15:xiv; 16:xviii- 17:xv- 18:xvii;19:xviii, 69-79-20: xvii; 21:76-7; 22:9; 23:277-84; 24:65-81; 26, 283-302.