5 Beams Student
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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 1
Introduction
Beams - structural members supporting loads atvarious points along the member
Objective - Analysis and design of beams
Transverse loadings of beams are classified as
concentratedloads ordistributedloads
Applied loads result in internal forces consisting
of a shear force (from the shear stress
distribution) and a bending couple (from the
normal stress distribution)
Normal stress is often the critical design criteria
S
M
I
cM
I
Mymx
Requires determination of the location and
magnitude of largest bending moment
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 2
Introduction
Classification of Beam Supports
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 3
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
Determination of maximum normal and
shearing stresses requires identification ofmaximum internal shear force and bending
couple.
Shear force and bending couple at a point are
determined by passing a section through the
beam and applying an equilibrium analysis on
the beam portions on either side of the
section.
Sign conventions for shear forces Vand V
and bending couplesMand M
MECHANICS OF MATERIALST
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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 4
Sample Problem 5.1
For the timber beam and loading
shown, draw the shear and bend-
moment diagrams and determine the
maximum normal stress due to
bending.
SOLUTION:
Treating the entire beam as a rigidbody, determine the reaction forces
Identify the maximum shear and
bending-moment from plots of theirdistributions.
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the corresponding
maximum normal stress.
Section the beam at points near
supports and load application points.
Apply equilibrium analyses on
resulting free-bodies to determine
internal shear forces and bending
couples
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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7/27/2019 5 Beams Student
5/20
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 5
Sample Problem 5.1
SOLUTION:
Treating the entire beam as a rigid body, determinethe reaction forces
kN14kN40:0from DBBy RRMF
Section the beam and apply equilibrium analyses
on resulting free-bodies
00m0kN200
kN200kN200
111
11
MMM
VVFy
mkN500m5.2kN200
kN200kN200
222
22
MMM
VVFy
0kN14
mkN28kN14
mkN28kN26
mkN50kN26
66
55
44
33
MV
MV
MV
MV
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 6
Sample Problem 5.1
Identify the maximum shear and bending-
moment from plots of their distributions.mkN50kN26 Bmm MMV
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the corresponding
maximum normal stress.
36
3
36
2
612
61
m1033.833
mN1050
m1033.833
m250.0m080.0
SM
hbS
Bm
Pa100.60 6m
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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7/27/2019 5 Beams Student
7/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 7
Sample Problem 5.2
The structure shown is constructed of a
W10x112 rolled-steel beam. (a) Draw
the shear and bending-moment diagrams
for the beam and the given loading. (b)
determine normal stress in sections just
to the right and left of pointD.
SOLUTION:
Replace the 10 kip load with anequivalent force-couple system atD.
Find the reactions atBby considering
the beam as a rigid body.
Section the beam at points near the
support and load application points.
Apply equilibrium analyses on
resulting free-bodies to determine
internal shear forces and bending
couples.
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the maximum normal
stress to the left and right of pointD.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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8/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 8
Sample Problem 5.2
SOLUTION:
Replace the 10 kip load with equivalent force-couple system atD. Find reactions atB.
Section the beam and apply equilibrium
analyses on resulting free-bodies.
ftkip5.1030kips3030
:
2
21
1
xMMxxM
xVVxF
CtoAFrom
y
ftkip249604240
kips240240
:
2
xMMxM
VVF
DtoCFrom
y
ftkip34226kips34
:
xMV
BtoDFrom
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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9/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 9
Sample Problem 5.2
Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the maximum normal stress to
the left and right of pointD.
From Appendix C for a W10x112 rolled
steel shape, S= 126 in3 about theX-Xaxis.
3
3
in126
inkip1776
:
in126
inkip2016
:
S
M
DofrighttheTo
S
M
DoflefttheTo
m
m
ksi0.16m
ksi1.14m
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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10/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 10
Relations Among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
xwV
xwVVVFy
0:0
D
C
x
xCD
dxwVV
wdx
dV
Relationship between load and shear:
221
02
:0
xwxVM
xxwxVMMMMC
D
C
x
xCD dxVMM
dx
dM0
Relationship between shear and bending
moment:
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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11/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 11
Sample Problem 5.3
Draw the shear and bending
moment diagrams for the beam
and loading shown.
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions atA andD.
Apply the relationship between shear and
load to develop the shear diagram.
Apply the relationship between bending
moment and shear to develop the bending
moment diagram.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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12/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 12
Sample Problem 5.3
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body, determine thereactions atA andD.
kips18
kips12kips26kips12kips200
0F
kips26
ft28kips12ft14kips12ft6kips20ft240
0
y
y
y
A
A
A
D
D
M
Apply the relationship between shear and load to
develop the shear diagram.dxwdVw
dx
dV
- zero slope between concentrated loads
- linear variation over uniform load segment
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTE
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13/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 13
Sample Problem 5.3
Apply the relationship between bending
moment and shear to develop the bendingmoment diagram.
dxVdMVdx
dM
- bending moment atA andEis zero
- total of all bending moment changes across
the beam should be zero
- net change in bending moment is equal toareas under shear distribution segments
- bending moment variation between D
andEis quadratic
- bending moment variation betweenA, B,CandD is linear
MECHANICS OF MATERIALST
E
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14/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 14
Sample Problem 5.5
Draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the beam and loading
shown.
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at C.
Apply the relationship between shear
and load to develop the shear diagram.
Apply the relationship between
bending moment and shear to develop
the bending moment diagram.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTh
E
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15/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 15
Sample Problem 5.5
SOLUTION:
Taking the entire beam as a free body,determine the reactions at C.
330
0
021
021
021
021
aLawMM
aLawM
awRRawF
CCC
CCy
Results from integration of the load and sheardistributions should be equivalent.
Apply the relationship between shear and load
to develop the shear diagram.
curveloadunderareaawV
axxwdx
axwVV
B
aa
AB
021
0
2
00
02
1
- No change in shear betweenB and C.
- Compatible with free body analysis
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTh
Ed
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16/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSThird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 16
Sample Problem 5.5
Apply the relationship between bending moment
and shear to develop the bending moment
diagram.
203
1
0
32
00
2
0622
awM
a
xxwdx
a
xxwMM
B
aa
AB
323 006
1
021
021
aL
waaLawM
aLawdxawMM
C
L
aCB
Results at Care compatible with free-bodyanalysis
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTh
Ed
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17/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALShird
Edition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 17
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending
Among beam section choices which have an acceptable
section modulus, the one with the smallest weight per unit
length or cross sectional area will be the least expensive
and the best choice.
The largest normal stress is found at the surface where the
maximum bending moment occurs.
S
M
I
cMm
maxmax
A safe design requires that the maximum normal stress be
less than the allowable stress for the material used. This
criteria leads to the determination of the minimum
acceptable section modulus.
all
allm
MS
maxmin
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTh
Ed
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18/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALShird
dition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 18
Sample Problem 5.8
A simply supported steel beam is tocarry the distributed and concentrated
loads shown. Knowing that the
allowable normal stress for the grade
of steel to be used is 160 MPa, select
the wide-flange shape that should be
used.
SOLUTION:
Considering the entire beam as a free-
body, determine the reactions atA and
D.
Develop the shear diagram for the
beam and load distribution. From thediagram, determine the maximum
bending moment.
Determine the minimum acceptable
beam section modulus. Choose the
best standard section which meets this
criteria.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTh
Ed
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19/20 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALShird
dition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 - 19
Sample Problem 5.8
Considering the entire beam as a free-body,
determine the reactions atA andD.
kN0.52
kN50kN60kN0.580
kN0.58
m4kN50m5.1kN60m50
y
yy
A
A
AF
D
DM
Develop the shear diagram and determine themaximum bending moment.
kN8
kN60
kN0.52
B
AB
yA
V
curveloadunderareaVV
AV
Maximum bending moment occurs at
V= 0 orx = 2.6 m.
kN6.67
,max
EtoAcurveshearunderareaM
MECHANICS OF MATERIALSTh
Ed
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALShird
dition
Beer Johnston DeWolf
5 20
Sample Problem 5.8
Determine the minimum acceptable beam
section modulus.
3336
maxmin
mm105.422m105.422
MPa160
mkN6.67
all
MS
Choose the best standard section which meets
this criteria.
4481.46W200
5358.44W250
5497.38W310
4749.32W360
63738.8W410
mm,3
SShape 9.32360W
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