5-7-14 MASTER Urban Soils Management
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Transcript of 5-7-14 MASTER Urban Soils Management
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NDM ]itn Tnbnjiotigl &
Tnjnvnfgpbnlt Mgbbittnn olj]gfij Qostn Mgbbittnn [rgarob
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
Boloanbnlt ge ^rdol ]gif ilBossom`usntts
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Iltrgjumtigl
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
Bim`nffn L. GDrinl
[rgarob Mg-M`oir & Bgjnrotgr
Boloaila ]`orn`gfjnr
Bomcin ]`no GDrinl, [.M.
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Fnaof olj Tnaufotgry Erobnwgrc
egr ]gif Boloanbnlt il BO
Tgdnrt J. Mgx, Hr.[ortlnr
Dgwjitm` & Jnwny, FF[
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
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Tgdnrt J. Mgx, Hr., Nsquirn
Dgwjitm` & Jnwny, FF[
Boy 1, 4;?:
NDM [rgarob gl Boloanbnlt ge ^rdol ]gif
Fnaof olj Tnaufotgry Erobnwgrc egr ]gif
Boloanbnlt il Bossom`usntts
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Gvnrvinw
Fows agvnrlila sgif wit` stuee il it Fows agvnrlila sgif wit` stuee il it olj ygu wolt tg bgvn it
Fows agvnrlila fgmotigls w`nrn sgif wit` stuee il it is tg dn
pfomnj
stuee il sgif
sgif
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Mol Ygu Nxpfoil Z`ot7
]tuee gl fists8 BG@BF, MNTMFO, TMTO, MQO, MOOolj Z]MO
Fows Fows, Tnas, [gfimy, Auijolmn, ntm.
]gif bnols oly ulmglsgfijotnj bilnrof olj graolimbottnr gvnrfyila dnjrgmc t`ot `os dnnl sudhnmt tg oljilefunlmnj dy angfgaim olj gt`nr nlvirglbnltof eomtgrs,
nxmfujila snjibnlt. =?; MBT :;.;;;5
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Fows Agvnrlila ]gif Qit` ]tuee Il It
TMTO Mgrrnmtivn Omtigl MNTMFO
A.F. m. 4?N
Mgltobilotnj sgif prnsnlts risc tg @ ] [Q gr N oljt`nrnegrn bust dn bgvnj
Tnbnjiof Fows[rn-Drgwleinfjs
Fiodifity egr anlnrotgrs/orrolanrs olj trolspgrtnrs ge`ozorjgus sudstolmns
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Fows Agvnrlila ]gif Qit` ]tuee Il
It Olj Ygu Qolt Zg Bgvn It TojigomtivnMNTMFO
[MDsZ]MO
@ozorjgus ]udstolmnsMNTMFO ]gfij Qostn
@ozorjgus QostnTMTO olj A.F. m. 4?M
]gfij QostnTMTO [ort J olj A.F. m. ???,?>;O
[email protected]. m. 4?N olj BM[
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Bgvila ]gif Qit` ]tuee Il It (Mgltj)
@ozorjgus Qostn ^ljnr TMTO
Qostn
Fistnj wostn
M`oromtnristim wostn
TMTO Folj Jispgsof Tnstrimtigls (FJT)
Q`nl sgif is anlnrotnj olj mgltoils `ozorjgus wostn
Mgltoilnj-Il [gfimyBossJN[ Znm`limof ^pjotn,Ouaust 4;?;
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Bgvila ]gif Qit` ]tuee Il It (Mgltj)
]gfij Qostn A.F. m. ???,?>;O
BO nxmfujns `ozorjgus wostn ergb jneilitigl
ODM
M&J
]gfij wostn bnols usnfnss, ulwoltnj gr jismorjnj
sgfij . . . botnriof rnsuftila ergb iljustriof, mgbbnrmiof,bilila, oarimufturof, bulimipof gr `gusn`gfj omtivitinst`ot is jispgsnj gr is stgrnj, trnotnj, prgmnssnj gr
trolsenrrnj pnljila sum` jispgsof, dut jgns lgt ilmfujno dulm` ge stuee. =?; MBT ?5.;4
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Bgvila ]gif Qit` ]tuee Il It (Mgltj)G@B
Ot Jispgsof ]itns A.F. m. 4?N/BM[
Tnbnjiotigl wostn
^lmgltoilnriznj wostn
Mgltobilotnj jndris
Mgltobilotnj bnjio
=?; MBT :;.;;=4(=)]ibifor ]gifs [rgvisigl
Auijolmn Q]M #-?=->;;, Gmtgdnr 4, 4;?=
]gifs 6 TMs Lgt `ozorjgus wostn
Lgt mrnotn lgtieiodfn mgljitigl ot rnmnivila fgmotigl
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Fows Agvnrlila Fgmotigl Q`nrn ]gif Qit` ]tueeIl It Is Zg Dn [fomnj
TMTOZ]JE
TMTO[ort J Foljeiffs
A.F. m. ???,?>;O ]itila=?; MBT ?5.;;
[nrbittila=?; MBT ?9.;;
Tnusn olj Jispgsof ge Mgltobilotnj ]gif ot
Bossom`usntts Foljeiffs, JN[ [gfimy #MGBB91- ;;?
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BossJN[ MGBB91;;? [gfimy
Mgltobilotnj sgif
]gif t`ot mgltoils G@B os o rnsuft ge o rnfnosn tgt`n nlvirglbnlt
Ilmfujns olt`rgpganlim mgltobilolts, rnaorjfnss gew`nt`nr t`n mgltobilolt fnvnfs nxmnnj oppfimodfn
TMs Drgojnr t`ol BM[ jneilitigl, ilmfujns sgif fnss t`ol
TMs
Tnusn olj jispgsof ot foljeiffs
Zodfn ?mgltobilolt fnvnfs egr rnusn os joifymgvnr olj mgltgur botnriof
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Fows Agvnrlila Tnmnivila Fgmotigl (Mgltj)
A.F. m. 4?NTnbnjiof fow, dut ie mrnotn ojispgsof sitn . . .
MQO
Q[O Fgmof Fows
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Fows Agvnrlila Tnmnivila Fgmotigl (Mgltj)
Fgmof Fows
Nort` rnbgvof olj ibpgrt dyfows
@gbn rufn
Xglila
Dgorj ge @noft`
Tnaufotigls Tnfotila Zg Luisolmns
A.F. m. ???,?44
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Q`ot Zg Zocn Owoy7
]gif `os stuee il it
]gif t`ot `os olt`rgpganlim stuee il it issudhnmt tg rnaufotigl
rnfnosn A.F. m. 4?N,4
ulwoltnj gr jismorjnj sgfijrnsuftila
ergbomtivitins t`ot is jispgsnj =?; MBT
?5.;4
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Zocn Owoy7 (Mgltj)
]gif wit` lgl-olt`rgpganlim stuee il it
A.F. m. 4?N
Qiff `ovn @B olj ie bgvnj tg lnw fgmotigljubpila gr jispgsila iltg t`n nlvirglbnlt
]gfij wostnulwoltnj gr jismorjnj oljjispgsnj, dut rnsuftila ergbomtivitins7
Nort` tg nort`, just tg just, os` tg os`
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Borcnt Jnbolj egr Foljeiff ]pomn
olj [gtnltiof Ibpomts
Cnffy Bm_unnlny, [.N. F][, FNNJ O[
Ossgmiotn Jirnmtgr
Tnbnjiotigl olj [rghnmt ]uppgrt ]nrvimns
@orvorj livnrsity
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
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Borcnt Jnbolj egr Foljeiff
]pomn olj [gtnltiof Ibpomts
Cnffy Bm_unnlny, [N, F][, FNNJ O[
@orvorj ^livnrsity N@&]
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Dgstgl (orno) is Dggbila
Digtnm` (Lgvortis,Unrtnx)
Njumotigl (@orvorj,
BIZ)
Tntoif (LnwDofolmn)
Bixnj ^sn
Tnsijnltiof
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Ilmrnosnj Jnbolj egr Nxmovotigl
Tnquirnj ^ljnrargulj
[orcila
]tgrbwotnr Ileiftrotigl
rnquirnbnlts Mritimof ]ystnbs
odgvnargulj pus`ns
gt`nrs uljnrargulj
^tifitins rnquirila efgw
eiff rot`nr t`ol domceiff
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Anlnrof Dgstgl ^rdol ]gif [rgeifn
;-?4 et ^rdol Eiff
[not/graolims
]olj
Dgstgl Dfun Mfoy
[O@, N/U[@, UGMs, bntofs
[O@, N/U[@, UGMs
Ibpomts ergb AQ,
MfUGMs, N/U[@
Bntofs Li, Dn, Os
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@gw bum` sgif il lnxt > ynors7
Egmus gl mglstrumtigl
prghnmts t`ot prgjumn
urdol eiff
Arnotnr Dgstgl Orno Egmus gl prghnmts t`ot
prgjumn rnbnjiotigl
wostn (Mgbb-91 sgifs)
BM[ sitns
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Borcnt Uoriodifity
Mglstrumtigl olj rnbnjiotigl tinj tg nmglgby Foa tibn egr opprgvofs (duifjila olj foljeiffs)
[rghnmts ant molmnffnj
Bnao prghnmts mol scnw ovnroan
2 Dia ossubptigls
Jgw Hglns Iljustriof Ovnroan > Ynors
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@gw bum` sgif nom` ynor -
mglstrumtigl7
Mglstrumtigl Ossubptigls8
Dgstgl Orno Lgl-Tnsijnltiof Jnvnfgpbnlt
4: prghnmts/ynor
Buftipfy dy 4 tg ilmfujn arnotnr Dgstgl eiffnj
orno (Mobdrijan, Nvnrntt, ]gbnrviffn, ntm.)
2 :0 duifjila nxmovotigls/ynor
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@gw bum` sgif nom` ynor -
mglstrumtigl7
Mglstrumtigl
Ossubptigls
Duifjila 2 ?>; x ?>;
Jnpt` nxmovotigl 2 4; ;-?; 2 urdol eiff
?;-4; 2 lotivn sgif
Eggtprilt 8 ^rdol eiff8 0,:;; my
Lotivn sgif8 0,:;; my
?>; et
?>; et
?; et
?; et
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@gw bum` sgif nom` ynor -
mglstrumtigl7
Mglstrumtigl
Ossubptigls
]tgrbwotnr
1> P 1> x : ^rdol eiff 2 0:;my
^tifitins
^rdol eiff 2 ?;;; my
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@gw bum` sgif nom` ynor7
Nom` Duifjila wit`
utifitins8
^rdol eiff 2 ?;,4:; my
Lotivn 2 0,:;; my :0 prghnmts/ynor8
^rdol eiff 2 :9?,>4;
my/ynor Lotivn sgif 2 :;=,4;;
my/ynor
BM[ sgifs8
@ia`fy voriodfn
Ossubn urdol eiff
=;;,;;; my/ynor
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Nstibotnj ]gif anlnrotigl > ynors
^rdol eiff Nom` ynor 2 duifjilas (:9?,>4; my) + BM[ prghnmts (=;;,;;; my)
2 19?,>4; my/ynor
> ynors 2 19?,>4; my P > 2 =,9>1,5;; mudim yorjs
:B my Lotivn sgif
Nom` ynor 2 duifjilas (:;=,;;; my)
> ynors 2 :;=,;;; my P > 2 4,;?>,;;; mudim yorjs
4B my
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Tnaufotnj ]gif Tn-usn
Bossom`usntts Ovoifodifity ^lfilnj Foljeiffspgtnltiof egr snvnrof lnw eomifitins
Filnj Foljeiffs - Dorrn, Zoultgl, Eitm`dura, ]gut`drijan,Dgurln, Eoff Tivnr, Lnw Dnjegrj, M`imgpnn
Tnaiglof Ovoifodifity Mnltrof Foljeiff TI, Tgm`nstnr L@, Lgrrijanwgmc BN, OaarnaotnBN, Dnt`fn`nb L@
Odifity tg tocn sgif UOTIN] jrobotimoffy olj mol dn vnry FIBIZNJ
Bocns sgif jispgsof jurila mglstrumtigl vnry jieeimuft tg prnjimt oljboloan ergb o mgst olj sm`njufn stoljpgilt os wnff os tgojnquotnfy m`oromtnrizn olj ottoil opprgvofs egr jispgsof.
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Ibpomt Fglanr @ouf
Ilmrnosnj
Zrolspgrtotigl Mgst
# trumc trips/joy
# trumcs/joy Ilmrnosnj Mordgl
Eggtprilt
[guljs mordgl/bi
Nxobpfn8
DgstglQgrmnstnr
= trumc trips/joy
DgstglM`imgpnn 4 trumc trips/joy
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Nxobpfn Dgstgl tg Qgrmnstnr vs.
M`imgpnn trolspgrtotigl mgst Ossubptigls8
0:;;my urdol eiff/4; joys
?.1 tgl/my 2 ?:,40; tgl/4; joys 2 1?: tgl/joy
Nom` trumc 2 $?,;;;/joy
Qgrmnstnr (= trumc trips (tt)/joy) 8 1?: tgls/joyP? tt/=; tglP? joy/= tt 2 0 trumcs/joy Nom` joy 2 $0,;;; egr trolspgrtotigl
M`imgpnn (4 trumc trips/joy)8 1?: tgl/joyP? tt/=; tglP? joy/4 tt 2 ?4 trumcs/joy
Nom` joy 2 $?4,;;; egr trolspgrtotigl 4; joys8
Qgrmnstnr 2 $?5;,;;;
M`imgpnn 2 $4:;,;;;
>;% ilmrnosn il trolspgrtotigl mgst ($0;,;;;)/prghnmt
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Nxobpfn Dgstgl tg Qgrmnstnr vs.
M`imgpnn A@A ibpomt
DgstglQgrmnstnr 2 0; bifns TZ (= TZ/joy 0trumcs) 2 ?,94; bifns
DgstglM`imgpnn 2 ?0; bifns TZ (4 TZ/joy ?4
trumcs) 2 :,=4; bifns B[A =; tgl trumc 2 > bpa
44 # MG4 nbissigl/aoffgl 2 :.: fds MG4/bifn
Jnfto QgrmnstnrM`imgpnn 2 4:;; bifns/joy P:.: fds MG4 2 ?;,>5; fds MG4/joy ~ > tgls/joy
P 4; joys 2 ?;; tgls MG4/prghnmt
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Gvnrvinw ge Ibpomt tg [rghnmts
[follila egr buftipfn sgif rn-usn gutfnts
Dujantila egr ilmrnosnj
trolspgrtotigl/tippila mgsts, gl-sitn
stgmcpifila, ilmrnosnj neegrt olj pgtnltiof
sm`njufn jnfoys
]m`njufila egr bnntilas tg jismuss buftipfn
gptigls gl o joify dosis, mglstrumtigl jnfoys
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]pnmiof Z`olcs tg
Dryol ]wnnlny olj Cotn Jifowori@ofny olj
Ofjrim`
Hgl ]ibpsglM`ortnr Nlvirglbnltof
Bicn Bomron@orvorj ^livnrsity
Mgltomt ilegrbotigl8
Cnffy Bm_unnlny 5?1-:9>-9=9?
cnffyWbmqunnlnyK`orvorj.nju
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]gif Boloanbnlt ot Mglstrumtigl ]itnsil Bossom`usntts8 Murrnlt [romtimn il
Fgmotila Jispgsof Gptigls
Dryol [. ]wnnlny, [`.J., [.N.
]nligr Uimn [rnsijnlt
@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.=1
]gif Boloanbnlt ot Mglstrumtigl ]itnsil Bossom`usntts
Dryol [. ]wnnlny, [.N., [`.J.@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.=0
Q`y Ob I @nrn olj Q`ot Jg I Jg7
Jnvnfgpbnlt gl sitns wit` rnaufotnj sgifs
Ojvisn mfinltsgl uljnrargulj riscs rnfotnjtg pfollnj mglstrumtigl
Tnspglsidfn egr prn-m`oromtnrizotigl olj dijjgmubnlts
Omtivnfy ilvgfvnj il sudmgltromtgr iltnrvinwsolj duygut egr dnfgw-arojn wgrc
]gif boloanbnlt, wit` sgif jispgsof motnagrins Nort`wgrc
Jnwotnrila, ntm.
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.=9
Boloan Tiscs, ]m`njufn olj Mgsts
#?olj #4 Tisc egr Mglstrumtigl [rghnmts Ibpomt ge sgif jispgsof prgdfnbs gl t`n mglstrumtigl sm`njufn
Mgst nxtros ossgmiotnj wit` sgif jispgsof mgbpornj tg dujant
G ]it T T j Ji f
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:;
Gl ]itn Tnusn Tnjumns Jispgsof
M`offnlans
Jieeimuft mglsijnrilatypimof bnols oljbnt`gjs gl utifity prghnmts
Tnusn stgmcpifns tocn
prnmigus spomn gl urdolsitns
Mgljitiglila, jryila oljobnljila tocns tibn
O^Fs `nfp (n.a. rnusilarnpgrtodfn sgifs)
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:?
Nxmovotn, Fgoj olj Zrumc [rn-M`oromtnriznj
]gifs tg Dij Eomifitins ot Mgltromt [rimns
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:4
]gbn Zypimof ]gif Jispgsof M`offnlans
Lg eomifity gpnl ot tibn ge nxmovotigl egr dij primn
Eomifity eort`nr owoy t`ol dujant oltimipotnj
Eomifity fibits vgfubn
]uppfy olj jnbolj, primn efumtuotigls
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:=
]tgmcpifns (prnm`oromtnriznj sgifs
fomcila o `gbn)
2
Fglanr ]m`njufn
olj Ilmrnosnj
Mgsts
^ ti i t j ] if ]t c if (j t f c
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.::
^loltimipotnj ]gif ]tgmcpifns (jun tg fomc
ge eomifitins) Jnfoy Mglstrumtigl
Mglstrumtigl sfgwnr jun tg spomnfibitotigls
[us` gut/Jnfoy t`n stort jotn tgsudsnqunlt mglstrumtigl omtivitins
Jnfoy gpnlila jotn (LGZ OL G[ZIGL)
Mousns Gvnrtibn olj wnncnlj wgrc($$)
]m`njufn ibpomts `ovn rnof mgsts Qiltnr mgljitigl ibpfimotigls
(oeenmts vorigus sudmgltromtgrs)
Nxtnlj anlnrof mgljitigls (sialieimolt $$)
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:>
M`oromtnrizotigl M`offnlans
Ilitiof Znstila Opprgom`ns (il anlnrof)
MGBB 91 (? sobpfn ~>;; my)
Loturof ]gifs (? sobpfn ~?,;;;+ my)
Bgrn ]udsnqunlt ZnstilaZMF[
Ernqunlmy (n.a., rnmymfila eomifity)
Tnmnivila Fgmotigl ]pnmieim (n.a., egr o ]ibifor ]itn) Qits Nlj ]toan (rnbnjiotigl wostn tnstila egr OTM
dnmousn sgifs ulfilnj gr filnj il stotn eomifitins wiff lgtmgbbit tg lnmnssory vgfubn/joy)
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:5
Anlnrof Gee ]itn ]gif Jispgsof Motnagrins
Dnfgw rnpgrtodfn(]ibifor ]gifs [gfimy)
Aop ]gifs (ojjrnssnjdy gt`nrs tgjoy)
Odgvn rnpgrtodfn(Tnbnjiotigl Qostn)
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:1
Eomifity ]nfnmtigl Mglsijnrotigls
Gwlnrs tgfnrolmn egr risc
^lit primn
Ovoifodifity jurila sm`njufnjNxmovotigl
[ost `istgry (mgbpfiolmn,mgbpfoilts, sitn usn)
Jistolmn
Boloanbnlt promtimns
Nlvirglbnltof snttila
Euturn pfollnj sitn usn oetnr eiffila
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:0
Qn Lnnj Ygur @nfp
Bgrn fgmotigls egr opprgpriotnsgif jispgsof/rnusn
Mfnor auijolmn/rnaufotigls egrjispgsof/rnusn ge nxmovotnj sgifs sum` os8
^rdol eiff (dnfgw olj odgvn rnpgrtodfn mglmnltrotigls)
Graolims olj pnot
Qnt olj gt`nr sgifs (n.a., sfurry)
Jispgsof/rnusn fgmotigls prnenrodfy wit`il>; bifn rojius ge BO jnvnfgpbnlt sitns
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.:9
Mritimof tg nmglgbim jnvnfgpbnlt il BO
Qn lnnj tg Mrnotn Jnpnljodfn Fgmotigls tg Tnmnivn ]gifs
Jispgsof Dujant Oeenmts [gtnltiof [rghnmts (stgps prghnmt grrnjumns prgarob spomn)
]gif Jispgsof Mgsts olj [gtnltiof ]m`njufn Oeenmts orn t`narnotnst Tiscs gl Lnw [rghnmts
Z`n Tnpnrmussigls ge uloltimipotnj Mgsts jun tg ]gifJispgsof [rgdfnbs jurila Mglstrumtigl orn ]nvnrn
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@ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.>;
Z`olc Ygu egr t`n
Gppgr tul i ty
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]gif Boloanbnlt olj [romtimn8Z`n [nrspnmtivn ge ol
Nlvirglbnltof Mgltromtgr
Hgl ]ibpsgl
]nligr [rghnmt Boloanr
M`ortnr Nlvirglbnltof
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
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BossJN[s]gif Boloanbnlt
Opprgom`ns
]oro` Qnilstnil
Jnputy Ossistolt Mgbbissiglnr
Durnou ge Qostn [rnvnltigl
BossJN[
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
[ouf Fgmcn
Jirnmtgr ge Tnspglsn & Tnbnjiotigl
Durnou ge Qostn ]itn Mfnolup
BossJN[
&
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BossJN[s [rgpgsnj ]gif
Boloanbnlt Erobnwgrc]oro` Qnilstnil, Jnputy Ossistolt Mgbbissiglnr,
Durnou ge Qostn [rnvnltigl, BossJN[
[ouf Fgmcn, Jirnmtgr ge Tnspglsn & Tnbnjiotigl,
Durnou ge Qostn ]itn Mfnolup, BossJN[
Q` fci
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Q`y orn wn tofcila
odgut sgif boloanbnlt7
Boly foran jnvnfgpbnlt prghnmts ornuljnrwoy, wit` nxmovotigl ge sgif t`ot lnnjstg dn boloanj.
Z`nrn orn enw gutfnts egr boloanj sgif ilBossom`usntts, rnsuftila il `ia`nr jispgsofmgsts, typimoffy gut-ge-stotn.
]gbn sgif mgbila ergb 4?N sitns boy dn gvnr-boloanjos Tnbnjiotigl Qostn jun tg fomcge mfnor gptigls.
>:
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Q`ot is ]gif7
O bixturn ge
?. Botnriof jnrivnj ergb rgmc (bilnrofs)
4. Botnriof jnrivnj ergb vnantotigl (graolims)
+
=. (sgbntibns) Botnriof t`ot is bol-bojn(mgufj dn olyt`ila, ficn poilt m`ips)
>>
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_8 Q`ot is Mfnol ]gif7
O8 O bnolilafnss tnrb.
Ie oly sgif is olofyznj, it wiff dn egulj tg
mgltoil bnosurodfn obgults ge mglstitunltst`ot wiff dn gl t`n Bossom`usntts Gif &
@ozorjgus Botnriofs Fist.
]gif boy dn mglsijnrnj mfnol nlgua` egrmnrtoil usns dut lgt egr gt`nrs.
>5
B JN[ [ fi A f
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BossJN[ [gfimy Agofs8
= Dosim [rilmipfns egr ]gif Boloanbnlt
]gif lnnjs tg dn ojnquotnfy m`oromtnriznj sg
t`ot t`n boloanbnlt gptigls mol dn
uljnrstggj.
Jglt mrnotn lnw lgtieiodfn 4?N rnfnosns otrnmnivila fgmotigls
Jglt mrnotn lnw jubpila arguljs ot
rnmnivila fgmotigls
>1
Q` t ` B JN[ j e d t ee
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Q`ot `os BossJN[ jgln sg eor odgut gee-
sitn sgif boloanbnlt7
Issuila pnrbits egr foljeiff prghnmts t`ot wiffommnpt sgif (gl-agila neegrt)
Issunj t`n ]ibifor ]gifs pgfimy il fotn 4;?=
^sila ovoifodfn tggfs tg prgvijn mnrtoilty egr lgl-foljeiff rnmnivila fgmotigls (iltnrib strotnay)
Lgw jnvnfgpila auijolmn egr rnmfobotigl sgifslgt mgvnrnj dy t`n ]ibifor ]gifs pgfimy, dut t`ot
mol dn usnj il nmglgbim jnvnfgpbnlt oljrnmfobotigl prghnmts (wit` opprgpriotnporobntnrs).
>0
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BossJN[sOpprgom`
Jnvnfgp auijolmn (s`grtnr tnrb) olj rnaufotigls(fglanr tnrb) egr t`n opprgpriotn usn ge sgif t`otmgltoils sgbn fnvnf ge `ozorjgus mglstitunlts.
Egmus is gl usila (gr rn-usila) t`n sgif Opprgom` wgufj lgt ojjrnss jispgsof ge sgif.
Jispgsofeomifitins orn ofrnojy mgvnrnj dy t`n ]gfij Qostn[rgarob rnaufotigls
_8 @gw jg ygu jistilauis` dntwnnl rn-usnolj jispgsof7
>9
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Tn-usn vs. Jispgsof
Tn-^sn2
]gif suppgrts o spnmieimjnvnfgpbnlt gr
rnmfobotigl prghnmt ott`n rnmnivila fgmotigl
Z`n jnvnfgpbnlt/
rnmfobotigl prghnmt ott`n rnmnivila fgmotigl`os t`n opprgpriotnopprgvof gr ommnptolmnge t`n `gst bulimipofity
Jispgsof2
Jubpila, foljeiffila
gr pfomnbnlt Iltg gr gl oly folj
(gr wotnr)
Ge usnfnss,
ulwoltnj grjismorjnj botnriof.
5;
_ Q` ] if O Q fci Od 7
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_8 Q`ot ]gif Orn Qn Zofcila Odgut7
O8 Aop ]gif Lgt@ozorjgus wostn
LgtTnbnjiotigl Qostn
Lgt]gfij Qostn
Lgt]ibifor ]gif
Mgbila ergb o 4?N sitn
5?
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54
]ibifor]gifs
]ibifor tg
]ibifor]gifs
Tnbnjiotigl
Qostn
]ibifor tg
Tnbnjiotigl
Qostn
Aop ]gifs(Dntwnnl ]ibifor ]gifs olj
Tnbnjiotigl Qostn) ]ibifor tgAop ]gifs
_8 Q`y Orn JN[ Opprgvof &
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y ppFgmof Opprgvof/Ommnptolmn Tnquirnj7
#?8 JN[ opprgvof rnquirnj dnmousn
g ]gif mgbns ergb o 4?N sitn
g ]gif jgnslt bnnt ]ibifor ]gifs mritnrio (w`im` wgufj
offgw it tg dn bgvnj wit` lg prigr JN[ opprgvof)
#48 Znrbs ge JN[ opprgvof wgufj ilmfujn fgmof
opprgvof/ommnptolmn ge t`n jnvnfgpbnlt grrnmfobotigl prghnmt tg nlsurn t`ot t`nprghnmtis
rnof olj viodfn egr t`n mgbbulity
5=
Mglmnptuof @gfns & ]gifs Z`ot Mgufj Eiff Z`nb
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TM]-?Fgmotigl
?
4?
TM]-4Fgmotigl
? 4
? 4
= et
? - ]gif sibifor tg w`ot is ofrnojy prnsnlts ot t`ot fgmotigl, olj 6TM
4 - TM]-? Tnmfobotigl ]gif (6TM]-?, lg UGMs, lg [MDs)
= - TM]-4 Tnmfobotigl ]gif (6TM]-4, lg UGMs, lg [MDs)
g np uo g ns ]g s o gu j nDosnj gl murrnlt rnaufotigls olj nxpfolotgry auijolmn.
4?
?> et
JNN[NT
Z@OL
?> et
4? =? 4
Loturn & Zibila
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age Aop ]gif
Opprgvof7
Grof7
Qrittnl7
[rnsubptivn7 Mgljitiglof7
Jnliof7
5>
Mgltnlt ge]udbittof7
Q`g7
Q`ot7
Q`nl7 Q`nrn7
@gw7
@gw Bum`7
^perglt BossJN[ Opprgvof ge
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^perglt BossJN[ Opprgvof ge
Foranr Tnmnivila Fgmotigls
[gssidfn mritnrio egr BossJN[ uperglt opprgvofs8
]IXN([rghnmts il oly fgmotigl t`ot wiffommnpt < P mudim yorjs ge sgif)
FGMOZIGL([rghnmts il snlsitivn/prgtnmtnj ornos)
J^TOZIGL ([rghnmts t`ot wiff tocn sgifgvnr o fgla pnrigj ge tibn)
55
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_unstigl tg [gljnr8
Ie o rnmnivila fgmotigl `os rnmnivnj up-erglt JN[
opprgvof, sum` os tg tocn il Aop ]gif ergb 4?N
sitns, w`ot jgns t`ot soy gr ibpfy odgut t`n
sobn fgmotigl tocila il
]ibifor ]gifs ergb 4?N sitns7
]ibifor ]gif-ficnsgif ergb lgl-4?N sitns7Aop ]gif-ficnsgif egrb lgl-4?N sitns7
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Jroet ]m`njufn
Jroet iltnrib auijolmn egr Qostn ]itn Mfnolup& ]gfij Qostn Ojvisgry Mgbbittnn rnvinw8
]ubbnr 4;?:
Iltnrib auijolmn ovoifodfn egr usn8 Eoff 4;?:
Jroet rnaufotigl obnljbnlts pudfis`nj egr
pudfim mgbbnlt8 ]prila 4;?>
50
[olnf Jismussigl
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Bgjnrotgr8 Bim`nffn L. GDrinl
Bomcin ]`no GDrinl, [.M.
[olnf Bnbdnrs8
[ouf Fgmcn,BossJN[
Cnffy Bm_unnlny,@orvorj ^livnrsity
Hgl ]ibpsgl, M`ortnr Nlvirglbnltof
Dryol ]wnnlny, @ofny & Ofjrim`, Ilm.
]oro` Qnilstnil, BossJN[
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Nlnray Nlvirglbnlt Nmglgby
[olnf Jismussigl
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NDM ]itn Tnbnjiotigl &
Tnjnvnfgpbnlt Mgbbittnn olj]gfij Qostn Mgbbittnn [rgarob
Nlvirglbnltof Dusilnss Mgulmif ge Lnw Nlafolj
Boloanbnlt ge ^rdol ]gif ilBossom`usntts
