5 5 g – a different ph-ylosophy
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5G – A Different PHYlosophy?
Nicola Marchetti
CPqD, Campinas, Brazil
November 6, 2013
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
• 5G - A Different PHYlosophy?
OUTLINE
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
• 5G - A Different PHYlosophy?
OUTLINE
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What I do at a Glance
Complex Systems Theory
Physical Layer
&
Radio Resource
Management
for
Optical and Wireless
Systems
PHY
RRM
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What I do at a Glance (2)
Many Base
Stations
Many
Antennas
Radio Resource
Management
Synchronization
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What I do at a Glance (3)
Free
Spectrum
Detection
Complex
Communication
Systems
Optical
Wireless
Integration
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
• 5G - A Different PHYlosophy?
OUTLINE
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Cellular Network Evolution
• HSDPA/HSUPA (2005-08) – 3GPP Rel 5/6
– 14 / 5.7 Mbps peak DL/UL
– CDMA & Diversity
• HSPA+ (2008-09) – 3GPP Rel 7
– 28 / 11 Mbps peak DL/UL
– CDMA & MIMO
• LTE (2010-11) – 3GPP Rel 8
– 100 / 50 Mbps peak DL/UL
– OFDMA & SC-FDMA & MIMO
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• LTE-A (2012-13) – 3GPP Rel 9/10
– 1 Gbps / 500 Mbps peak DL/UL
– OFDMA & SC-FDMA & MIMO
• 5G (2013-?)
– 10+ Gbps / 5+ Gbps peak DL/UL
– Power & cost reduction
– New bands, Self-organization, Massive MIMO, Small cells
3.5
G
3.9
G
4
G
5
G
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Is PHY Research still needed?
• Spectral efficiency more antennas, higher modulation order, ultra dense deployment (and related channel understanding), distributed schemes (and related synchronization issues)
• Power efficiency small cell deployments, coordinated beamforming (CoMP)
• Cost reduction cheaper deployments (small cells), cheaper bands (mm-wave, LSA)
• All the above has a lot to do with PHY !!! 9
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Cooper’s Law
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•More Spectrum •Frequency Division •Modulation & Coding •Spectrum Reuse
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies – More Spectrum
– Frequency Division
– Modulation & Coding
– Spectrum Reuse
– EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?
OUTLINE
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies – More Spectrum
– Frequency Division
– Modulation & Coding
– Spectrum Reuse
– EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?
OUTLINE
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The “Sweet” Spot
• Opportunistic spectrum access: spectrum sharing paradigm that allows unlicensed secondary users to opportunistically access spectrum holes, called white spaces, in the bands for which the primary users hold a license
• Although Cognitive Radio systems can be envisaged in any part of the radio spectrum, the frequency range considered more appropriate for their implementation is located between 100 MHz and 10 GHz
• This includes the 300-3000 MHz range that OFCOM has dubbed the sweet spot for spectrum sharing
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Bands & Spectrum Access Techniques
14 F. Paisana, N. Marchetti, L. DaSilva, “Radar, TV and Cellular Bands: Which Spectrum
Access Techniques for Which Bands?”, IEEE Communications Surveys &Tutorials,
accepted for publication subject to minor revisions
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Enhanced Carrier Aggregation
J. McMenamy, I. Macaluso, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “A Framework for Enhanced Carrier
Aggregation with Dynamic Carrier Selection”, Wireless Days 2013 15
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies – More Spectrum
– Frequency Division
– Modulation & Coding
– Spectrum Reuse
– EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?
OUTLINE
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Uplink Synchronization
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Uplink Synchronization (2)
• Detection techniques with very low complexity
– Utilization of the symmetrical behaviour of interference among different subcarriers
18 A. Farhang, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Low Complexity LS and MMSE Based CFO Compensation
Techniques for the Uplink of OFDMA Systems”, IEEE International Conference on Communications 2013
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies – More Spectrum
– Frequency Division
– Modulation & Coding
– Spectrum Reuse
– EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?
OUTLINE
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Massive MIMO
2.4 GHz
20 F. Bentosela, N. Marchetti, H. Cornean, “MIMO Capacity: Transition from Linear to
Logarithmic Growth”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, under review
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Massive MIMO (2)
F. Bentosela, N. Marchetti, H. Cornean, “MIMO Capacity: Transition from Linear to
Logarithmic Growth”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, under review
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• How to integrate mobile and fixed access networks?
• How to jointly optimize the overall network?
Optical-Wireless Integration
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Inter Base Station Communications
• To perform handover and more advanced cooperation schemes, base stations need to communicate with low latency
• It is necessary to investigate if the tree architecture has a good performance or if other architectures should be considered
• Cooperative multipoint transmission/reception (CoMP) – Data and control information can be multicasted
to base stations, exploiting the broadcasting nature of the Passive Optical Network
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mm-Wave & Massive MIMO • Using very high carrier frequencies (up to hundreds of GHz)…
• …one can squeeze more antennas in the same base station/device
• Target Line Of Sight short range (up to ~100m) communications at the beginning
• Later on we expect to start to look into Non Line Of Sight wider range communication (distributed massive MIMO/CoMP, with many antennas at each base station, and base stations coordinating their transmissions)
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies – More Spectrum
– Frequency Division
– Modulation & Coding
– Spectrum Reuse
– EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?
OUTLINE
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Higher Throughput & Lower Power
29
C. Galiotto, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “The Role of the Total Transmit Power on the Linear
Area Spectral Efficiency Gain of Cell-Splitting”, IEEE Communications Letters, accepted
for publication, to appear
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Spectrum Management and ICIC in HetNet
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination via spectrum
management
Mitigation of the harm of interference on
macro-cell edge users
Reduction of overall network
throughput
GOAL:
Guaranteeing cell-edge user throughput with limited reduction of overall network throughput
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User Operating Points
33 C. Galiotto, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Flexible Spectrum Sharing and Interference Coordination for Low
Power Nodes in Heterogeneous Networks”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2012
LPN =
Low Power Node
MBS =
Macro Base Station
PF =
Proportional Fair
scheduler
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Results
34 C. Galiotto, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Flexible Spectrum Sharing and Interference Coordination for Low
Power Nodes in Heterogeneous Networks”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2012
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Complex Communication Systems
35
I. Macaluso, H. Cornean, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Complex Communication Systems
Achieving Interference-Free Frequency Allocation”, IEEE International Conference on
Communications 2014, submitted
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Self-Organizing Channel Assignment
36
04.2
29.1
CE
h
I. Macaluso, H. Cornean, N. Marchetti, L. Doyle, “Complex Communication Systems
Achieving Interference-Free Frequency Allocation”, IEEE International Conference on
Communications 2014, submitted
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies – More Spectrum
– Frequency Division
– Modulation & Coding
– Spectrum Reuse
– EU ADEL Project
• 5G - A Complex Matter?
OUTLINE
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Advanced Dynamic spectrum 5G mobile
networks Employing Licensed shared access
Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Commission
ADEL
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Key Idea To explore the potential of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) as a key
enabler of 5G mobile broadband networks
By developing:
1) Collaborative sensing techniques
2) Dynamic radio-aware resource allocation
3) Cooperative communication
With the final goal of providing:
– An order of magnitude improvement in spectral efficiency
– More energy & cost efficient mobile broadband networks
EU project ADEL
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Facts
• 2.5 M euro (270 K euro for CTVR)
• Small or medium-scale focused research project (STREP) – ranked 4th out of 130 at EU level
• 8 partners (5 academia, 3 industry)
• 3 years (Dec 1, 2013 – Nov 30, 2016)
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Motivation
• Key driver: to meet the growing capacity demands in cellular networks imposed by the increasing customer base and data- hungry mobile applications
• Key concept: The “Licensed Shared Access” (LSA) (a.k.a. “Authorised Shared Access” – ASA) paradigm wherein:
incumbent operators may allow others to share their spectrum at specific times and places, according to an agreed set of rules
• State-of-the-art: the use of spectrum in commercial applications is either licensed or license-exempt . Cognitive radio is another approach but it has been met with scepticism by cellular operators and has led to very limited deployments (e.g. 802.22)
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LSA concept and basic architecture
1) Shared use of spectrum based on radio cognition
2) Implemented via individual authorisation scheme ensuring QoS
3) Access rights can be granted on a temporary or long term basis
[Issues RRM commands]
[Computes rule-based
LSA spectrum availability]
[Contains incumbent’s spectrum usage
information in frequency, time & space]
Operations
Administration
& Management
42 J. Khun-Jush, P. Bender, B. Deschamps, and M. Gundlach, “Licensed shared access as complementary approach to
meet spectrum demands: Benefits for next generation cellular systems,” ETSI Workshop on on Reconfigurable Radio
Systems, December 2012
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Component technologies
• Collaborative spectrum sensing
• Signal processing techniques for sensing
• Interference channel estimation and interferer localisation
• Cooperative communication
• Dynamic resource allocation
• Policy violation detection / policy reinforcement
With the above, we believe that ADEL will lead to future
heterogeneous wireless networks of an order of magnitude higher capacity and energy efficiency thus setting the
roadmap for the adoption of spectrum flexible broadband wireless systems by 2020
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Work package structure
Project Management
(WP1)
Licensed Shared Access
Resource Allocation
Techniques
(WP4)
Platform Development and Experimental Evaluation
(WP6)
Dissemination & Exploitation Planning
(WP2)
Dynamic Spectrum
Access
(WP5)
Scenarios, Requirements and Network Architecture Definition
(WP3)
“Who,
When,
Where”
“How”
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Concrete results expected • Spectral efficiency: a factor of 10 is aimed at
• Energy efficiency: also a factor of 10 is anticipated
• Cost: at least a factor of 10 improvement for mobile data traffic
via the use of small cells with LSA
• Experimental platforms: are expected to show some of these
gains over-the-air, as well as over large-scale system level
simulations
IRIS
WARP
Open
Air
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• What I do at a Glance
• Is PHY Research still needed?
• 5G Technologies
• 5G - A Different PHYlosophy?
OUTLINE
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Are Comm Systems Complex?
Many different networks coming together
• Optical & wireless
• WiFi, LTE, sensors, RFID etc.
• Many simple devices densely deployed
• Many antennas
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Highly dynamical systems • high variability in time, but also in frequency and space
domains
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Are Comm Systems Complex?
• Self-organization and need to mimic bio-inspired decentralized behaviours
– Evolution (but not only)
– Emergence of (complex) patterns
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Trend towards
increasing complexity
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