4L_Punys_1_

Small Hydropower situation in New Member States and Candidate

countries

Petras PUNYS Lithuanian Hydropower Association / University

of Agriculture

SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOPLausanne, 30thJune – 1st July 2005

OVERVIEWBackground

Small Hydropower at first glance: EU –15, EU –10, Accession Countries

Individual countries: EU –10 and Candidate Countries

Conclusions

SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOPLausanne, 30thJune – 1st July 2005

REPORT

“Small Hydropower (SHP) situation in Accession countries”

September 2004

Marketing work group:

ADEME, IT Power, ESHA and Lithuanian Hydropower Association

EU –15: 15 Members of the EU before enlargement in May 2004EU –10: 10 New Member States

Candidate (Accession): 3 Candidate Countries to the EU membership

Activities covered in the project were:

Compilation of a database of key Small Hydropower (SHP) statistics and information in the New EU Member States and Candidate countries

Analysis of SHP statistics, existing potential for SHP, technical and environmental aspects, water and energy industries and service capability

A review of institutional, economic and regulatory issues of the legislation in force relating to SHP,

Forecasting of SHP installed capacities & electricity generation, identification of the preliminary targets of SHP contribution in implementing the EU RES-E Directive,

Comparison of the SHP sectors both in EU-15 and EU-10 and CC

Survey of SHP situation:8 new EU countries (except Cyprus and Malta) + 3

Candidate countries + Croatia (episodically). Reference year: 2002/2003

BlueAGE (Blue Energy for a Green Europe) study (ESHA, SERO, IEFE, 2001)

ESHA data base

International Journal on Hydropower & Dams (2004) , World Energy Council (2004) , EBRD (Black and

Veatch, (2002), IEA (2003) , EREC (2003), Eurostat (2004),WWF (2004)

Information sources of the study

Small Hydropower at first glance:

EU –15,EU –10,

Accession (Candidate) Countries -CC

SHP plants (<10 MW) in operation

Num

ber

of S

HP

Number of Small Hydropower Plants

0

5000

10000

15000

EU-15 EU-10New Accession

13 352

2 776 388

Czech Republic-1302

0

2500

5000

7500

10000


SHP

Inst

alle

d C

apac

ity M

W

9 909

822 608

SHP Installed Capacity

Czech Republic -273 MWPoland – 238 MW

Romania - 275 MWTurkey –177 MW

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

EU-15 EU-10 CC

Average SHP plant size

SHP

plan

t siz

e M

W

0.7

0.3

1.6

42.7

2.3

0

1

2

3

4

5

EU-15 EU-10 CC

A SHP plant of installed capacity of 1 MW produces .....GWh/year

Ele

ctri

city

gen

erat

ion

GW

h/ye

ar

SHP age distribution

0

25

50

75

100

EU-15 EU-10 CC

Perc

enta

ge o

f SH

P ag

e %

40 and 59 years old

> 60 years old58%

31%

10%10% 10%

37%

0

0.5

1

1.5

2


SHP

cont

ribu

tion

%

1.47

0.67 0.64

SHP Contribution to total electricity generation

Slovenia – 2%

0

5

10

15


SHP

cont

ribu

tion

%

SHP Contribution to total Hydropower electricity generation

10.812.8

2.3

0

5

10

15

EU-15 EU-10 CC

SHP in the Renewable Electricity mix (RES-E)

9 11

2.2

SHP

cont

ribu

tion

% %

0

25

50

75

100

EU-15 EU-10 CC

82

34

6

%

Dev

elop

ed s

o fa

r %

Percentage of developed economically feasible potential so far %

Rem

aini

ng p

oten

tial

GW

h/ye

ar

SHP remaining economically feasible potential

0

5000

10000

15000

20000


19645

3421

21182

Poland – 1600 GWh/year

Turkey – 19 300 GWh/year

Small- scale water turbine manufacturers

Num

ber

of S

HP

man

ufac

ture

rs

0

20

40

60

80

EU-15 EU-10 CC

70

183

ITEM Direc-

tion EU- 15

EU-10

CC

SHP PLANTS IN OPERATION Number of SHP plants Max 1 <5 <34 Average size of plant Max 1 <2.3 >2.2 % of old SHP plants Min 1 <3 <6

INSTALLED CAPACITY AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION Installed capacity Max 1 <12 <16 Electricity generation by SHP plants Max 1 <15 <28 Electricity generation by a plant of 1 MW Max 1 <1.5 <1.7

SHP POTENTIAL Remaining SHP potential Max 1 <4.4 1.2

SHP IN THE GROSS ELECTRICITY MIX Contribution to gross electricity production % Max 1 <2.2 <2.3 Contribution to hydropower production % Max 1 >1.2 <4.7

SHP IN THE RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY MIX Contribution to RES-E Max 1 >1.2 <4

SHP PROJECTION INTO THE FUTURE Installed capacity by 2010 (rise in % ) Max 1 >1 >1.2 Electricity generation by 2010 (rise in %) Max 1 >1.2 > 1.3

Comparison of SHP sectors (datum: EU-15) 1st 2nd 3rd

Individual countries:

EU –10 and Candidate countries

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

CzechRepublic

Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Gross theoretical potential

Technically feasble potential

Economically feasible potential

Hydropower specific energy (annual energy divided by the area of a country- GWh/year/km2)

Data: The International Journal on Hydropower & Dams .

GW

h/ye

ar/k

m2

Economically feasible

potential

Technically feasible potential

3d

1 st

2nd2nd

2nd

SHP DefinitionP< 10 MW, except:

Estonia – 1 MW,

Latvia -2 MW,

Croatia, Hungary, Poland -5 MW

Turkey – 50 MW

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

CzechRepublic

Cyprus Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Number of SHP

Num

ber

of S

HP

Czech Republic – 1330

Poland – 610

Slovenia – 478

0

100

200

300

CzechRepublic

Cyprus Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

SHP installed capacity, MW

Inst

alle

d ca

paci

ty M

W

Romania – 278Czech Republic – 275

Low installed capacity

0

20

40

60

80

100

CzechRepublic


SHP

by h

ead

%

Low

Medium

High

Percentage of small hydropower plants by head (low head <5m, medium head 5-15m,

high head>15m)

Low head High head

Low head High head

Medium head

0

20

40

60

80

100

CzechRepublic


SHP

plan

ts a

ge %

0-19 years old20-39 years old40-59 years old>60 years old

SHP plants age distribution

Young plants

Old plants

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

CzechRepublic

Cyprus Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey EU-15Con

trib

utio

n to

gro

ss e

lect

ricity

pro

duct

ion

%

SHP contribution to gross electricity generation

Slovenia – 2%

Czech Republic– ~1%

0

20

40

60

80

100

CzechRepublic

Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania TurkeyRen

ewab

le e

lect

ricity

pro

duct

ion

%Large HydroSmall HydroOther Renew ables

Share of large and small hydro, and other renewable energy sources in the total renewable electricity generation

Other RES-E

Small Hydro

SHP Ownership

0

20

40

60

80

100

CzechRepublic

Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Priv

atiz

ed %

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CzechRepublic

Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey EU-15

Buy

bac

k ra

te €

cent

s/kW

h

Buy back rates (€cents/kWh)

Average

SHP INDUSTRY STATE

1= no turbine manufacturers, 2= Turbine manufactures exist, but they are not able to cover domestic demand, 3=Turbine manufactures exist; they are able to cover domestic demand with limited export capacities, 4=Turbine manufactures exist; they are able to cover domestic demand with some export capacities, 5= high capability of turbine manufacturing industry)

1

2

3

4

5

CzechRepublic


SHP

turb

ine

man

ufac

turi

ng

indu

stry

cap

abili

ties

Czech Republic & Slovenia

1

2

3

4

5

CzechRepub lic

Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Po land Slo vakia Slovenia Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Deg

ree

of g

ravi

ty

Visual impact

Fishery

Water regulation

Competion w ith other uses

Other kinds of resistance

Resistances to SHP development (1-no impact, 5- severe impact)

Visual impactFishery

Forecasted SHP installed capacity (MW) by 2010 and 2015

0

100

200

300

400

CzechRepublic


Fore

cast

ed in

stal

led

capa

city

M

W

2010

2015

Forecasted SHP electricity generation (GWh/year) by 2010 and 2015

0

400

800

1200

1600

CzechRepublic


Fore

cast

ed g

ener

atio

n G

Wh/

year

2010

2015

Only general fragments of SHP situation basically related to the SHP statistics in the New

Member States and Accession countries are outlined here. More detailed information on SHP in each country is given in its profile.

The report is available at ESHA Website.

http://www.esha.be/Library.htmPlease visit the Network Website:

http://www.esha.be/ukthematic.htm

CONCLUSIONS

http://www.esha.be/ukthematic.htm

Thank you for attention !

SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOPLausanne, 30th June – 1st July 2005

4L_Punys_1_

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