4G:lte vs wimax
Transcript of 4G:lte vs wimax
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Cellular Technology Background
2 G ( Second -generation wireless)
2G is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second
generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM
standard in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991. Three primary
benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that phone conversations were
digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum
allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data
services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
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After 2G was launched, the previous mobile telephone systems were
retrospectively dubbed 1G. While radio signals on 1G networks are analog, radio
signals on 2G networks are digital. Both systems use digital signaling to connect the
radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system.
2G has been superseded by newer technologies such as 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G,
and 4G; however, 2G networks are still used in many parts of the world.
2G technologies
2G technologies can be divided into TDMA-based and CDMA-based standards
depending on the type ofmultiplexing used. The main 2G standards are:
GSM (TDMA-based), originally from Europe but used in almost all countries on
all six inhabited continents. Today accounts for over 80% of all subscribers
around the world. Over 60 GSM operators are also using CDMA2000 in the
450 MHz frequency band (CDMA450).[2]
IS-95akacdmaOne (CDMA-based, commonly referred as simply CDMA in the
US), used in the Americas and parts of Asia. Today accounts for about 17% of
all subscribers globally. Over a dozen CDMA operators have migrated to GSM
including operators in Mexico, India, Australia and South Korea.
PDC (TDMA-based), used exclusively in Japan
iDEN (TDMA-based), proprietary network used by Nextel in the United States
and Telus Mobility in Canada
IS-136 a.k.a. D-AMPS (TDMA-based, commonly referred as simply 'TDMA' in
the US), was once prevalent in the Americas but most have migrated to GSM.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Division_Multiple_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDENhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telus_Mobilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-136http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-AMPShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_signalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Division_Multiple_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDENhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telus_Mobilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-136http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-AMPS -
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2G Capacity
Using digital signals between the handsets and the towers increases system capacity
in two key ways:
Digital voice data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively
than analogue voice encodings through the use of various codecs, allowing
more calls to be packed into the same amount of radio bandwidth.
The digital systems were designed to emit less radio power from the handsets.
This meant that cells had to be smaller, so more cells had to be placed in the
same amount of space. This was made possible by cell towers and related
equipment getting less expensive.
Advantages of 2G
The lower power emissions helped address health concerns.
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data services, such as
SMS and email.
Greatly reduced fraud. With analog systems it was possible to have two or more
"cloned" handsets that had the same phone number.
Enhanced privacy. A key digital advantage not often mentioned is that digital
cellular calls are much harder to eavesdrop on by use ofradio scanners. While
the security algorithms used have proved not to be as secure as initially
advertised, 2G phones are immensely more private than 1G phones, which
have no protection against eavesdropping.
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Disadvantages of 2G
In less populous areas, the weaker digital signal may not be sufficient to reach
a cell tower. This tends to be a particular problem on 2G systems deployed on
higher frequencies, but is mostly not a problem on 2G systems deployed on
lower frequencies. National regulations differ greatly among countries which
dictate where 2G can be deployed.
Analog has a smooth decay curve, digital a jagged steppy one. This can be
both an advantage and a disadvantage. Under good conditions, digital will
sound better. Under slightly worse conditions, analog will experience static,
while digital has occasional dropouts. As conditions worsen, though, digital will
start to completely fail, by dropping calls or being unintelligible, while analog
slowly gets worse, generally holding a call longer and allowing at least a few
words to get through.
While digital calls tend to be free of static and background noise, the lossy
compression used by the codecs takes a toll; the range of sound that they
convey is reduced. You will hear less of the tonality of someone's voice talking
on a digital cellphone, but you will hear it more clearly.
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3 G ( third -generation wireless)
3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards
for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International
Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International
Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide-area wireless voice
telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile
environment.
Several telecommunications companies market wireless mobile Internet
services as 3G, indicating that the advertised service is provided over a 3G wireless
network. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical
standards, including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer rates). To meet
the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200
kbit/s (about 0.2 Mbit/s). However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher
speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service. Recent 3G releases,
often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several
Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.
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The following standards are typically branded 3G:
the UMTS system, first offered in 2001, standardized by 3GPP, used primarily
in Europe, Japan, China (however with a different radio interface) and other
regions predominated by GSM2G system infrastructure. The cell phones are
typically UMTS and GSM hybrids. Several radio interfaces are offered, sharing
the same infrastructure:
o The original and most widespread radio interface is called W-CDMA.
o The TD-SCDMA radio interface was commercialised in 2009 and is only
offered in China.
o The latest UMTS release, HSPA+, can provide peak data rates up to 56
Mbit/s in the downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22
Mbit/s in the uplink.
the CDMA2000 system, first offered in 2002, standardized by 3GPP2, used
especially in North America and South Korea, sharing infrastructure with the IS-
95 2G standard. The cell phones are typically CDMA2000 and IS-95 hybrids.
The latest release EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbit/s downstream.
3G History
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The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan
in 1998 branded as FOMA. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of
W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in
Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope; broader
availability of the system was delayed by apparent concerns over its reliability.
The first European pre-commercial network was an UMTS network on the Isle
of Man by Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first
commercial network (also UMTS based W-CDMA) in Europe was opened for business
by Telenor in December 2001 with no commercial handsets and thus no paying
customers.
The first network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea
on the CDMA-based 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002 the second
South Korean 3G network was by KT on EV-DO and thus the Koreans were the first to
see competition among 3G operators.
The first commercial United States 3G network was by Monet Mobile
Networks, on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later shut
down operations. The second 3G network operator in the USA was Verizon Wireless in
July 2002 also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. AT&T Mobility is also a true 3G UMTS
network, having completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA.
The first pre-commercial demonstration network in the southern hemisphere
was built in Adelaide, South Australia by m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using
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UMTS on 2100 MHz. This was a demonstration network for the 2002 IT World
Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison
Telecommunications branded as Three or "3" in J June 2003.Emtel Launched the first
3G network in Africa.
By June 2007, the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3
billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where
3G was launched first Japan and South Korea 3G penetration is over 70%. In
Europe the leading country is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other
leading countries by 3G migration include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the
20% migration level. A confusing statistic is counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers as
if they were 3G customers. If using this definition, then the total 3G subscriber base
would be 475 million at June 2007 and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.
Adoption
3G was relatively slow to be adopted globally. In some instances, 3G networks
do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G so mobile operators must build entirely
new networks and license entirely new frequencies, especially so to achieve high-end
data transmission rates. Other delays were due to the expenses of upgrading
transmission hardware, especially for UMTS, whose deployment required the
replacement of most broadcast towers. Due to these issues and difficulties with
deployment, many carriers were not able to or delayed acquisition of these updated
capabilities.
In December 2007, 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154
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HSDPA networks were operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile
Suppliers Association (GSA). In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA,
telecommunication companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of around
100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
Roll-out of 3G networks was delayed in some countries by the enormous costs
of additional spectrum licensing fees. (See Telecoms crash.) The license fees in some
European countries were particularly high, bolstered by government auctions of a
limited number of licenses and sealed bid auctions, and initial excitement over 3G's
potential.
The 3G standard is perhaps well known because of a massive expansion of
the mobile communications market post-2G and advances of the consumer mophone.
An especially notable development during this time is the smartphone (for example, the
iPhone, and the Android family), combining the abilities of a PDA with a mobile phone,
leading to widespread demand for mobile internet connectivity. 3G has also introduced
the term "mobile broadband" because its speed and capability make it a viable
alternative for internet browsing, and USB Modems connecting to 3G networks are
becoming increasingly common.
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4G (fourth-generation wireless)
Technology is improving day by day. When talking about 4G, question comes
to our mind is what is 4G Technology. 4G is the short name for fourth-generation
wireless, the stage of broadband mobile communications that will super cede the third
generation (3G ). The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) official
name for 4G is "3G and beyond". But at this time nobody exactly knows the true 4G
definition. Some people say that 4G technology is the future technologies that are
mostly in their maturity period.
The 4G system was originally envisioned by the Defence Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA). The DARPA selected the distributed architecture, end-to-
end Internet protocol (IP), and believed at an early stage in peer-to-peer networking in
which every mobile device would be both a transceiver and a router for other devices in
the network eliminating the spoke-and-hub weakness of 2G and 3G cellular systems.
Cellular systems such as 4G allow seamless mobility; thus a file transfer is not
interrupted in case a terminal moves from one cell (one base station coverage area) to
another, but handover is carried out. The terminal also keeps the same IP address
while moving, meaning that a mobile server is reachable as long as it is within the
coverage area of any server. In 4G systems this mobility is provided by the mobile IP
protocol, part of IP version 6, and while in earlier cellular generations it was only
provided by physical layer and data link layer protocols. In addition to seamless
mobility, 4G provides flexible interoperability of the various kinds of existing wireless
networks, such as satellite, cellular wireless, WLAN, PAN and systems for accessing
fixed wireless networks.
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While maintaining seamless mobility, 4G will offer very high data rates with
expectations of 100 Mbit/s wireless services. The increased bandwidth and higher data
transmission rates will allow 4G users the ability to utilize high definition video and the
video conferencing features of mobile devices attached to a 4G network. The 4G
wireless system is expected to provide a comprehensive IP solution where multimedia
applications and services can be delivered to the user on an 'Anytime, Anywhere' basis
with a satisfactory high data rate, premium quality and high security.
The wireless telecommunications industry as a whole has early assumed the
term 4G as a shorthand way to describe those advanced cellular technologies. Ideally,
4G would provide users with on demand high quality video and audio. The killer
application of 4G is not clear, but video is one of the big differences between 4G and
3G. 4G may use OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), and also
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) to better allocate network
resources to multiple users. 4G devices may use SDR (Software-defined radio)
receivers which allows for better use of available bandwidth as well as making use of
multiple channels simultaneously.
Although carriers still differ about whether to build 4G data networks using
Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiMAX, all carriers seem to agree that OFDM is one of the chief indicators that a
service can be legitimately marketed as being 4G. OFDM is a type of digital modulation
in which a signal is split into several narrowband channels at different frequencies. This
is more efficient than TDMA, which divides channels into time slots and has multiple
users take turns transmitting bursts or CDMA, which simultaneously transmits multiple
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signals on the same channel.
Below are some of the Principal technologies used in 4G technology.
The Physical layer transmission techniques are as follows:
o MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency by means of spatial
processing including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
o Frequency-domain-equalization, for example Multi-carrier modulation
(OFDM) in the downlink or single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization
(SC-FDE) in the uplink: To exploit the frequency selective channel
property without complex equalization.
o Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing, for example (OFDMA) or
(Single-carrier FDMA) (SC-FDMA, a.k.a. Linearly preceded OFDMA,
LP-OFDMA) in the uplink: Variable bit rate by assigning different sub-
channels to different users based on the channel conditions
o Turbo principle error-correcting codes: To minimize the required SNR at
the reception side
Other principle technology used is Channel-dependent scheduling used to
utilize the time-varying channel. Link adaptation is to adaptive modulation and error-
correcting codes. Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the cooperative
relaying concept, known as multi-mode protocol
For 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at
100 Mbit/s for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 Gbit/s
for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).
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A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based
mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless modems, smartphones, and
other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-broadband Internet access, IP telephony,
gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.
4G is being developed to accommodate the quality of service (QoS) and rate
requirements set by further development of existing 3G applications like mobile
broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, but
also new services like HDTV. 4G may allow roaming with wireless local area networks,
and may interact with digital video broadcasting systems. In this kind of system, the
scientific knowledge is seen with a combination of with and without wire. If this 4G
technology is available for the people, one can transfer about 100 mega bytes per
second if it is in house or in office and in the same way, 1 giga byte per second in out
stations. It is possible to utilize the opportunities like wireless broadband access,
multimedia messaging service, video chat, mobile TV and high definition TV without
any interruption in services. There is also a facility to download not only video songs
but also the movies which are available in number of Giga Bytes. The data using 4G
scientific technology can be downloaded more when compared to that of 200 times
than 2G and 10 times more than with 3G. In the same way, the information can be
uplinked with a speed of 20 megabytes per second with 4G. When compared with the
normal Asymmetric digital subscriber line, the information that is uplinked will be 10-20
times more.
4G is described as MAGIC: mobile multimedia, any-time anywhere, global
mobility support, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service. Some
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key features (primarily from users' points of view) of 4G mobile networks are:
High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology
Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost
Personalization
Integrated services
Below shows the evolution path toward the 4G technology with high mobility
and high date transmission rate.
When fully implemented, 4G is expected to enable pervasive computing, in
which simultaneous connections to multiple high-speed networks will provide seamless
handoffs throughout a geographical area. Coverage enhancement technologies such
as femtocelland picocell are being developed to address the needs of mobile users in
homes, public buildings and offices, which will free up network resources for mobile
users who are roaming or who are in more remote service areas. The expectation for
http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/pervasive-computinghttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/handoffhttp://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/femtocellhttp://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/femtocellhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/picocell.htmlhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/roaming-servicehttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/pervasive-computinghttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/handoffhttp://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/definition/femtocellhttp://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/picocell.htmlhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/roaming-service -
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the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end
Internet Protocol. If the Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia sub-system movement
achieves what it going to do, nothing of this possibly will matter. WiMAX or mobile
structural design will become progressively more translucent, and therefore the
acceptance of several architectures by a particular network operator ever more
common.
Technological Drivers for 4G
Long Term Evaluation (LTE)
Range At 900MHz band, range from 5km (optimum) to 100km (acceptable)At 2.6GHz band, typical range is 1km.
Spectra
Capable of supporting up to 200 users per 5MHz.Spectrum flexibility to scale channel size from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz700 and 1900 MHz in North America; 900, 1800, 2600 MHz in Europe; 1800and 2600 MHz in Asia; 1800 MHz in Australia.
Bandwidth
pTheoretical download rates of 326.4 Mbit/s for 4x4 antennae, and 172.8Mbit/s for 2x antennae (utilizing 20 MHz of spectrum).
Theoretical upload rates of 86.4 Mbit/sfor every 20 MHz of spectrum using a single antenna.
About
Officially know as the 3GPP Long Term Evolution which is the lateststandard under the technology tree that produces the current GSMtechnology.Marketed as 4G but is actually a pre-4G standard to the precursor of LTEAdvanced. Designed to be forward compatible with LTE Advanced using thesame frequency bands but is not backward compatible with existing 3Gsystems.Supports MBMS multimedia servicesUses MIMO multiple antenna technologyNo soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRANSimpler E-UTRAN architecture; no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH
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LTE Network Architecture
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How LTE (Long Term Evolution) Works
As communication is a natural urge of human beings so he is constantly
struggling to improve the ways of fastest communication, LTE technology is the result
of such struggle. Introduction of LTE technology is not less than a miracle as it is
supposed to work at a 150 mbps speed while a data can be downloaded at 70 mbps
speed.
LTEs Providers Aspect
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Another plus point ofLTE technology is that it will lend a hand to 3G network
service providers CDMA and GSM via current spectrum and increase their workability
by speed up to 20 mbps as using the radio wave mechanism. It will not clash with the
3G services and will be able to use the same infrastructure for its functions.
LTE travels like radio waves with extra ordinary speed through the same
bandwidth transfers large amount of data. With the addition of LTE technology with
previous network more information could be send hence not only lower the cost but
also no need to set up a new network. There could be an adjustment on part of service
provider by placing the LTE on priority and the other services in time.
It is under consideration that LTEs independent set up will enhance the
proficiency of data transferring with additional features such as TV and multimedia
applications. Business will also take new dimensions, you can think about having a
mobile office. LTE technology will provide a platform for the different departments of a
worldwide business at one point through mobile internet.
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
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(WIMAX)
WiMAX, with its relatively superior performance and lower cost structure is,
Range Theoretically capable up to 50km depending on frequency and line of sight.Typical deployment at 5-8 km range.
SpectraSpectrum flexibility to scale channel size from 5MHz, 8.75MHz or 10MHz.2.5GHz in North America; 2.3GHz 3.5GHz in Asia.
Bandwidth
Theoretical maximum speeds of up to 75 Mbit/s (utilizing 20 MHz ofspectrum).
Latest ratification of the 802.16m standard (WIMAX-2) capable to reachspeeds of 300Mbit/s.
About
WiMax is a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last milewireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL.Officially designated under the IEEE 802.16 standard.Designed as an extension of the Wi-Fi technology giving further range forbroadband connections, cellular backhaul, hotspots. Most commercialdeployments cater for Mobile WIMAX.WiMax eliminates the constraints of Wi-Fi.Unlike Wi-Fi, WiMax is intended to work outdoors over long distanceWiMax is a more Complex technology and has to handle issues ofimportance such as QoS guarantees, carrier-class reliability, NLOS.WiMax is not intended to replace Wi-Fi.Instead, the two technologiescomplement each other
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perhaps, the answer to broadband proliferation problem. WiMAX was evolved for high-
speed wireless data access (fixed and mobile) as compared to currently deployed
cellular technologies that were developed for voice. WiMAX:
Enables a faster wireless broadband service WiMAX Release 1.0 has a
higher peak rate and two to three times greater down link (DL) sector
throughput than HSPA Release 613, which means higher data transfer capacity
in the same quantum of spectrum allotted
Has a lower cost structure (CAPEX and operating costs): An all IP, flat
network architecture; With the adoption of globally harmonized spectrum
bands14 for BWA, costs of equipment (operator and customer premises) will
remain low due to significant economies of scale achieved through a well-
developed global ecosystem; and Has the highest spectral efficiency
Is scalable by ten times for speed capability and three times for spectral
efficiency improvements, and has a defined evolution path for 802.16m with
minimal upgrade costs, thus protecting investments made for todays 802.16e.
With superior data delivery performance at a lower cost as compared to 3G
technologies available today, WiMAX provides a cost-effective solution to mass
proliferation of high- speed broadband
How WiMAX Works
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In practical terms, WiMAX operates similarly to WiFi but:
1. At higher speeds,
2. Over greater distances, and
3. For a greater number of users.
WiMAX could potentially erase the suburban and rural blackout areas that currently
have no broadband Internet access because phone and cable companies have not yet
run the necessary wires to those remote locations.
A WiMAX system consists of two parts:
1. A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX
tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles
(~8,000 square km).
2. A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box orPCMCIA
card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.
A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth,
wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower
using a line-of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred
to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square
miles, is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.
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Difference Between LTE and WiMax
Aspect Mobile Wimax
(IEEE802.16)
LTE
(3GPP)
Core Network All IP network UTRAN moving towards all IP
Evolved UTRA CN with IMS
Access Technology :
Downlink (DL)
Uplink (UL)
OFDMA OFDMA
SC-FDMA
Frequency Band 2.3 -2.4 GHz, 2.496 2.69 GHz,
3.3. 3.8 GHz
Existing and new frequemcy bands(~2GHz)
Bitrate :
DL
UL
75Mbps (MIMO
2TX 2RX)
25Mbps
100 Mbps (MIMO 2TX 2RX)
50Mbps
Channel Bandwidth 5, 8.75, 10Mhz 1.25-20MHz
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Cell Radius 2 7km 5kmCell Capacity 100 200 users >200 users @ 5MHz
>400 users for larger bandwidth
Spectral Efficiency 3.75 bits/sec/Hz 5 bits/sec/Hz
Mobility :
Speed
Handovers
Up to 12km/hr
Optimized hard
handover
Up to 250km/hr
Inter-cell soft handover supported
Legacy IEEE802.16athrough 16d
GSM/GPRS/EGPRS/UMTS/HSPA
MIMO:
DLUL
No of code words
2Tx X 2Rx1Tx X NRx
(Collaborative SM)
1
2Tx X 2Rx2Tx X 2Rx
Standardization Coverage IEEE802.16 e-2005PHY and MAC
CN standardization
in Wimax Forum
RAN (PHY + MAC) + CN
Roaming Framework New Auto through existing
GSM/UMTS
Schedule Forecast :
Standard complete
Initial Deployment
Mass market
2005
2007 through 2008
2009
2007
2010
2012
Table 1: Mobile WiMax and LTE comparison
The parameters shown in Table 1 show that the Mobile WiMax and 3GPP-LTE
standards are technically similar. One difference between LTE and WiMAX is that they
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function on different frequencies, making their deployment slightly different. WiMAX is
made to work with new deployments, while LTE is made for existing mobile and
broadband deployments. Between LTE and WiMAX, LTE is slightly faster and WiMAX
is slightly easier to set up. The number of simultaneous users affects any carrier,
because more users need more bandwidth; LTE is slightly more affected by the
number of users than WiMAX. LTE and WiMAX are both capable of working with new
and existing broadband and mobile deployments. At the same time, LTE is meant to
work with existing systems and tends to be better at integrating existing networks.
WiMAX is meant more for new deployments and networks.
Following this observation, we may conclude that Mobile Wimax and LTE-
Anvanced are both have similar characteristics. Both technologies provide sufficient
solutions as well as future extensions to the current approaches. Therefore both
technologies are assured of a good future.
In Malaysia, DiGi will be the first mobile service provider to provide LTE (Long
Term Evolution) wireless broadband service in Malaysia. This brand new network will
be immediately capable of delivering download speeds of up to 42Mbps using HSPA+
and thereafter up to 4 times faster when the 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) spectrum
becomes available.
Another example, Proton collaborate with YTL's YES 4G to build in a WiFi in
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Protons car. The partnership will integrate future Proton models with Yes high-speed
mobile 4G connectivity, beginning with new Proton sedan, Proton Preve which has just
launched on 16th April 2012. This service that has built-in YES 4G connections is to
enable its driver and passengers enjoy broadband services in the car. The Internet
service is delivered via a portable Yes 4G Huddle, which can support up to five
devices. Yes 4G currently covers 65 percent of the 960 km North South Highway, and
a large portion of the East-Cost Expressway.
Furthermore, in 25th November 2011 YTL's YES 4G also announced its
collaboration with Samsung Malaysia Electronics (SME) Sdn. Bhd., a leading mobile
phone provider, to offer the best in mobility and performance. In conjunction with the
launch of the Samsung GALAXY Tab 8.9, Yes and Samsung are offering a special
package that combines Malaysias fastest 4G mobile router, the Yes Huddle, with
Samsungs latest tablet, the GALAXY Tab 8.9.
4G Players in Malaysia
4G
P1 WIMAX (Green Packet)
YES (YTL)
REDtone
Amax (Asiaspace)
Maxis (trials started)
Celcom (trials started)
P1 (announced plans to switch)
WIMAXWIMAX LTELTE
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Spectrum Allocation in Malaysia
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Communication Standards
Conclusion
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In conclusion, its known that technology advances so fast. In every 8 to 10
years we see new technologies in the mobile market, first came the 1G, after few years
2G came to surface, then 3G, nowadays the very popular and many say super fast
technology 4G. As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been
made to reduce a number of Technologies to a single global standard. The first
generation (1G) has fulfilled the basic mobile voice, while the second generation (2G)
has introduced capacity and coverage. This is followed by the third generation (3G),
which has quest for data at higher speeds to open the gates for truly mobile
broadband experience, which will be further realized by the fourth generation (4G).
This latest and more enhanced technology will provide a unique experience to its
users. As we know that 4G technology is still being fully developed and aims to provide
fastest transfer rates maximum 1Gbps, now we cant even compare how much next
generation will offer.
3GPP Long Term Evolution has a large amount of potential to become the
technology of the future whose success will definitely guarantee that #GPP has a
significant edge over all its competitors. With the LTE-Advanced also adopting SC-
FDMA as the uplink technology, SC-FDMA seems to be an important future technology
and it is expected that the future would see a lot of research activity in this field. LTE
and LTE Advanced together seem to be very promising in fulfilling all the requirements
set forth by ITU for IMT Advanced.
WiMAX transitional costs are expected to be lower than any other comparable
4G technology. LTE is adopting technology and features like OFDMA already available
with Mobile WiMAX. Mobile WiMAX provides a simple, all-IP flat network, with all
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) protocols, which will only be available in LTE
and LTE advanced and not in existing cellular technologies such as 3G, which are
circuit-switched. Further, an LTE network is a more complex multi-layer network
burdened with proprietary 3G cellular protocols that will make it more expensive to
operate. A major advantage WiMAX offers is lower cost of IP, allowing new entrants
to compete with major telecom vendors and bring innovative and lower cost devices to
market. Further, the Open Patent Alliance (OPA) formed by Alcatel-Lucent, Cisco,
Clearwire, Intel, Samsung, Sprint, Alvarion and Huwaei22 with the objective of offering
an Intellectual Property Rights solution that will further support competitive
development and widespread adoption of WiMAX worldwide is another big plus for
WiMAX in lowering the cost of broadband solutions.
Discussion
WiMAX emerges as the quintessential answer to these problems, given its
superior performance and lower costs defined evolutionary path give it an edge over
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[2] E. Mustafa, Mobile Broadband: Including WiMAX and LTE, Springer, 2009, page
21-30
[3] News & Events, Yes and Samsung To Offer The Best Value in Performance and
Mobility http://www.ytlcomms.my/EN/news_details.aspx?id=113 [accessed
14/04/2012].
[4] M Etoh ,Next Generation Mobile Systems: 3G and Beyond, Wiley 2005.
[5] TeliaSonera , first in the world with 4G services , 2009-12-14.
[6] ITU. "ITU Radiocommunication Assembly approves new developments for its 3G
standards". press release. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 1
June 2009.
[7] ITU. "What really is a Third Generation (3G)(3G) Mobile Technology" (PDF).
Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
[8] Clint Smith, Daniel Collins. "3G Wireless Networks", page 136. 2000.
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
[10] http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/4G
[11] http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/4G
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
[13]http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phones/8814007/Britains-first-4G-
trial-begins.html
[14] http://www.freewimaxinfo.com/4g.html
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