SEMINAR ON 4G WIRELESSTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY : TARUN CHANDEL 1153247 B.TECH 7th Semester (ECE)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION WHY 4G IS REQUIRED ? WHAT’S NEW IN 4G ? TECHNOLOGY USED IN 4G / SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE 3G VS 4G APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Our ultimate goal is to communicate with any type of information with anyone, at anytime from anywhere. This is possible with the aid of “ WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY “.

4G is abbreviation of Fourth Generation.

It is successor to the THIRD GENERATION (3G)

A 4G system provides mobile “ULTRA BROADBAND SPEED”- to be counted in gigabytes per second.

Cont.....

This Technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected.

Its goal is to reduce blips in transmission when a device moves between area covered by different networks.

EVOLUTION In April 2006, KT started the world’s first commercial mobile WiMAX service in Seoul, South Korea.

In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo tested a 4G communication system prototype with 4*4 MIMO at 100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.

In December 2009 the first commercial LTE deployment was by TeliaSonera & NetCom. The modem device on offer were manufacture by Samsung, and the network infrastructure by Huawei & Ericsson.

Cont.....

In March 2008, the International Telecommunication Union- Radio Communication (ITU-R) SPECIFIED a set of requirements for 4G standards named the IMT-Advanced.

On 10 April 2012, Bharti Airtel launched 4G LTE in Kolkata, first in India.

WHY 4G IS REQUIRED ?

Due to substantial growth in overall number of subscribers.

Due to massive demand of new services like data, audio, image or video.

Firstly 3G’s maximum data transfer rate is of 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps is much slower than 20 Mbps to 100 Mbps of 4G.

WHATS NEW IN 4G ?

Entirely Packet Switched Network.

All network elements are Digital.

Higher Band Width to provide multimedia services at lower cost (upto 100 Mbps) .

The possible IEEE Standards for the 4G system used is 802.20 n

TECHNOLOGY USED IN 4G

OFDMA

UWB

Smart Antennas

IPv6

OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access)

It transmit large amount of digital data over a radio wave.

OFDMA works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sets of frequencies to the receiver.

By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDMA signal inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the maximum channel spread is less than the time interval of cyclic prefix

Cont....

In OFDMA the subcarrier pulse used in transmission is rectangular.

Here modulation can be performed by an IDFT, which can be generated very effectively as an IFFT. So, receiver only needs a FFT to receive this process.

UWB (Ultra Wide Band) An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.

It is typically detected as noise.

It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices.

It uses a frequency of 3.1-10.6 Hz.

It uses less power since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal.

Cont....

Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

SMART ANTENNAS Smart antennas (MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithm used to identify spatial signal signature such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use it to calculate beam forming vectors, to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.

Transmitter withMultiple antennas

IPv6

IPv6 means Internet Protocol version 6.

The Internet Protocol is the method or protocol which sent data from one computer to another on the internet.

Each computer (known as host) on the internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the internet.

It include 128 bit which is four times more than 32 bit IP address in IPv4.

UNDERSTANDING OF IPv6 IN 4G

32 bit IP address looks like (216.37.129.9)

Al four sets are defined in different functions and usage.

The first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined be the “Home address” purpose.

The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as the “Care of address”

Cont.....

The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as “Mobile IP address”. It is the communication channels to wire-line network and wireless network.

The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be “Local network address” for virtual private network (VPN) sharing purpose.

QOS (Quality of Service)

In Wireless networks, quality of service (QOS) refers to the measure of the performance for a system reflecting its transmission quality and service availability.

4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99% .

In 4G QOS may be divided into following ways-

Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction and the packet loss rate.

Cont.....

Circuit-level QOS include call blocking from new as well as existing calls.

User-level QOS depends on user mobility and application type.

SDR (Software Defined Ratio)

A software defined ratio is one that can be configured to any radio or frequency standard through the use of software.

The phone should automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to TDMA frequency whenever it is required

Roaming can be an issue with different standards. But with SDR user can just download the interface upon entering new territory, or the software could just download automatically.

3G Vs 4GTECHNOLOGY 3G 4G

Development 2001 2010

Services Voice quality & always on broadband data

Data and voice over IP, LTE

Standard IMT-2000 (UMTS,WCDMA, CDMA 2000)

Single standard based on LTE advanced

Architecture Circuit and Packet switched

Packet switched

Multiplexing CDMA OFDM+MIMO,W-OFDM, MC-CDMA

Core network PSTN & some IP network

Completely IP basedData rate 384 kbps-3.1 Mbps 100 mbps-1 Gbps

APPLICATIONS In Traffic control.

Multimedia- Video services.

Telemedicine.

High definition Mobile TV.

Video conferencing.

Virtual Navigation.

Crisis management.

ADVANTAGES Support for multimedia , voice, streaming videos, internet and broadband services.

Quickly download files over a wireless network.

Easily access Internet, social networks, streaming media, video calling. Ad-hoc and multi-hop networks.

Better spectral efficiency.

4G is 10 times faster than 3G.

LIMITATIONS Expensive and hard to implement.

Battery usage is more.

Need complex hardware.

Consumer is forced to buy a new device support the 4G.

Higher data prices for consumers.

New component in cell towers.

CONCLUSION

There is a need for next generation of wireless technology i.e. 4G. Which will be a platform for seamless technology providing widespread coverage, band width and power consumption with higher data rates.

Today’s wired society is going wireless and if it has problem, 4G is answer..........

Thank You