4D Printing: Integrated Properties and Mechatronic ......2D 3D Opportunities for 4D printing...
Transcript of 4D Printing: Integrated Properties and Mechatronic ......2D 3D Opportunities for 4D printing...
4D Printing: Integrated Properties and
Mechatronic Elements in Products
Prof. Jo Geraedts
Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Atoms & Bits
bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
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Turning information into things, and things into information
Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Atoms & Bits
bits
actuator
atom
sensor
Moore’s law: exponential growth in information processing
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Supercomputer inside
Personal processing power ● Same Processing Power: 1975 Mainframe and 2010 Smartphone ● 4.5 billion people (60%) own mobile phone (2015) ● 2.0 billion people (25%) own smartphone (3G/4G in 2015)
http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats/a
1975 2015
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Internet of Things 2015
The world is becoming interconnected. Access to the internet (2015): • Millions of businesses, • 3.2 billion people (43%) and • 4.0 billion devices
(M-2-M, Internet of Things)
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bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Atoms & Bits
bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
3D printer
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Cyber Physical Systems
Computer Embedded ICT Internet Cloud
Materials Physics
Chemistry Mechanics
Bits & Atoms
2D Printing
Pixel: Picture Element
Material or Ink
bits
atoms
actuator
sensor
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Inkjet: Digital alternative to offset On-demand printing 10.000.000.000 droplets of 4-10 pL per sec Result is identical to the human eye
2D
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2D 3D
Opportunities for 4D printing Multi-material 3D printing with raster control for each voxel: Printed results is more than a digital reproduction of injection molding
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3D printing in the past
Mono material
3D Printing – Egyptian Pyramids
Voxel: Volumetric Building Element
Multi material
3D Printing
Case Fine Art
Multi material 3D Printing
‘What is a painting?’
Fine Art
Fine Art
Is this a painting?
Fine Art
A painting is a 3D landscape of paint. The texture/relief adds just as much to the uniqueness of a painting as the composition. We visually perceive these indirectly; by the way light is reflected from objects. Painters understand this process
[Image source: http://www.learn2paint.info]
Fine Art
Van Gogh: “… sometimes the material, the nature of the subjects themselves, demands impasto”
Fine Art
Fine Art reproduction research project
● No model for material appearance description
● Various aspects to appearance
● Physical - Light-material interaction
● Psychophysical – Characteristics eye
● Psychological – Image processing
● Attributes:
● Colour ● Texture
● Gloss
● Translucency
Goal Fine Art reproduction research
Perception
Materials Painting
Materials Print
Different imaging techniques interacting with different layers
• Developing the access, comparison and data fusion of analytical imagery
• Reconstruction original painting
sensor
Texture reproduction Printing - Océ high resolution 3D printing technology
● 6 UV-curable inks (T W CMYK) ● Raster (voxels) printer ● Resolution 450 dpi (Apple iPhone 6: 326 dpi)
Materials ● Color ● Transparent ● Conductive ● Soft/Hard
● What is the minimal set of materials to (re)produce visual properties on micro scale?
(Re)Production of Fine Arts
atoms
Case Soft Robotics
Multi material 4D Printing
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Courtesy of http://www.robotshop.com/en/robotic-arms.html & http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/dlr-super-robust-robot-hand
The hand of a robot arm
A sophisticated one
Standard robotic hand
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Big Hero 6: Robot Baymax
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Air pressure actuators
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Mechatronics
bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
Control
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Air
Bending actuator
actuator
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Bending actuator
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Torsion Actuator
actuator
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- Mono material
- Bending bellows - Double bellow
- Torsion bellow
Air pressure robot arm
actuator sensor +
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Sensors
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sensor
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Torsion
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- Create gestures
- Interactive handshake
Functionalities
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Integrated sensor
Shaking hands
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Materials ● Color ● Transparent ● Conductive ● Soft/Hard
● What is the minimal set of materials to design gesture, tactile and haptic properties on macro & micro scale?
Design of soft robotics
atoms
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Multi-material: Voxels Material 1
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Multi-material: Voxels Material 2
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Multi-material composition
bits
atoms
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Voxels in Gripper
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Voxels in Gripper
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Thank you
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