4.8 andres and emilio
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Transcript of 4.8 andres and emilio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (Andres Bonifacio)
Born: November 30, 1863 in Tondo Manila
Filipino nationalist and revolutionary
Father: Santiago Bonifacio a tailor who served as a
teniente mayor (municipal official)
Mother: Catalina de Castro a mestiza of Spanish descent
who worked in a cigarette factory.
He was a founder and later the supreme leader of the
Katipunan movement which sought the independence of
the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started
the Philippine Revolution.
He is considered a de facto national hero of the
Philippines.
Eldest child among the siblings.
Brothers: Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio.
Sisters: Espiridonia and Maxima.
His education was very limited because the death of
his parents forced him to leave school while still
quite young in order to support his siblings.
Studied under Guillermo Osmeña, who taught him basic
arithmetic, writing in Tagalog, and basic Spanish.
Worked as a messenger(clerk/messenger) for the local
parish choir.
Became a salesman (agent) of tar and other goods for
the English firm of J.M. Fleeming & Company.
Transferred to Fressell and Company, a German trading
firm, where he worked as a bodeguero
(warehouseman/agent).
Also set up a family business of selling canes and paper
fans.
Despite not finishing formal education, Bonifacio
was self-educated.
He read books about the French Revolution,
biographies of the Presidents of the United States,
the colonial penal and civil codes, and novels such
as Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, Eugène Sue's Le
Juif errant and José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.
Bonifacio was married twice.
First wife: a certain person named Monica who died of
leprosy.
Second wife: Gregoria de Jesús (Aling Oriang) of
Caloocan, whom he married in 1893. They had one son,
christened Andrés, who died in infancy.
Gregoria de Jesús
(Aling Oriang)
Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
The KatipunanA Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-
Spanish Filipinos on July 7, 1892
With his two friends Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plata, he
formed the first triangle of a secret society which bore
the initials K.K.K.
Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan ("Highest and Most Respected Society of
the Children of the Country").
Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in
1896 that led to the outbreak of Philippine Revolution.
Within the society Bonifacio used the pseudonym May pag-
asa ("There is Hope").
For a time, Bonifacio worked with both
the Katipunan and La Liga Filipina.
From Manila, the Katipunan expanded into several
provinces,
including Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan,Pampanga,
and Nueva Ecija.
Most of its members, called Katipuneros, came from the
lower and middle classes, with many of its local leaders
being prominent figures in their municipalities.
At first exclusively male, membership was later extended
to females, with Bonifacio's wife Gregoria de Jesús as a
leading member.
Bonifacio was a member and eventually head of
theKatipunan Supreme Council.
Bonifacio developed a strong friendship with Emilio
Jacinto who served as his adviser and confidant, as
well as a member of the Supreme Council.
Bonifacio wrote several pieces for the paper,
including the poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupà (roughly, "Love for the homeland”) under the
pseudonym Agapito Bagumbayan.
The publication of Kalayaan in March 1896 led to a
great increase in membership.
Bonifacio, Jacinto and Pio Valenzuela collaborated
on the society's organ Kalayaan (Freedom), which
had only one printed issue.
The Katipunan spread throughout Luzon,
to Panay in the Visayas and even as far
as Mindanao. From less than 300 members in
January 1896, it had about 30,000 to 40,000 by
August.
The Katipunan had three aims:
First, it wanted to free the Philippines from Spain, by force of arms if necessary. Its members, called Katipuneros, were taught to make and use weapons.
Second is the the moral, or spiritual, aim. The Katipunan saw all men, rich or poor, as equals.
Third, the Katipuneros were taught to care for one another in times of sickness and need. The society took care of its sick. If a member died, the Katipunan helped to pay the cost of a simple funeral.
Death of Bonifacio
May 10, 1897
Sealed order was received by Maj. Lazaro Makapagal from
General Noriel.
The latter further ordered Makapagal to take four soldiers
and escort the Bonifacio brothers to Mount Buntis.
At the foot of the mountain, Andres Bonifacio asked
Makapagal to open the sealed order.
After reading the content, the Bonifacio brothers were shot
and buried in a shallow grave marked only by a few twigs
and leaves.
Bonifacio as a Hero
Andrés Bonifacio, along with José Rizal, is one of
only two implied national heroes of the
Philippines.
Bonifacio and Rizal are given the implied
recognition of being national heroes because they
both have national holidays in their
honor: Bonifacio Day on November 30, and Rizal
Day on December 30.
Notable Contributions to the World of Colonial Literature
Bonifacio wrote poetry, and was a moro-moro actor
- very typical of great communicators.
Bonifacio was probably one of the greatest
motivational writers and speakers of his
generation.
Using his native language, Bonifacio wrote with
full passion and compassion.
Bonifacio also wrote about how the Filipinos were
tortured by the Spaniards.
Interesting Facts
Bonifacio kept himself busy with other productive
endeavors.
He became a member of a Tagalog dramatic
society, both as an actor and organizer of plays.
In 1887, he and his friends established the
Teatro Porvenir and staged moro-moros in Tondo.
Bonifacio was also a freemason and a member of
the Taliba Lodge.
Poems and Works
Katapusang Hibik Ng Pilipinas (The Last Appeal
of the Philippines)
Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa
Tapunan ng Lingap
Ang mga Cazadores
Huling Paalam ni Dr. Jose Rizal (Salin ng Mi
Ultimo Adios ni Gat Andres Bonifacio)
The Decalogue, a ten-point addressed to “sons of
the country” and how they should behave
Emilio Jacinto
Emilio Jacinto
Born: December 15, 1875 in Trozo, Tondo Manila
Filipino Revolutionary known as the Brains of the
Katipunan.
Father: Mariano Jacinto (died shortly after Emilio
was born).
Mother: Josefa Dizon
It was his sad experiences with his Spanish
classmates and sensitivity to the plight of the
Filipinos as caused by the injustices of the Spaniards
that led Emilio Jacinto to become a Katipunero.
Jacinto's early education was supported by his
widowed mother who worked as a midwife.
Later, his uncle enrolled him at the San Juan
Letran College after which he took Law at the
University of Santo Tomas.
Jacinto was fluent in both Spanish and Tagalog,
but preferred to speak in Spanish.
Although poor in appearance, he was gifted
with brains and good character.
The Katipunan
He did not finish college and, at the age of 19, he joined the
secret society called Katipunan.
At that young age, he became one of the ablest leaders of the
movement.
He became the advisor on fiscal matters and secretary
to Andrés Bonifacio.
His enthusiasm, ideals and spirit soon guided the course of
the secret revolutionary society.
He wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan (Primer of the
Katipunan), and the oath of membership, which served as
guiding principles of the Katipuneros.
Jacinto also wrote for the Katipunan newspaper
called Kalayaan. He wrote in the newspaper under
the pen name Dimasilaw, and used the
alias Pingkian in the Katipunan.
Some of the teachings of the Katipunan as written
by Jacinto were deeply appreciated by the
Katipuneros.
Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and just purpose is like a tree which cause no shadow – a
poisonous weed.
To do good for some personal motive and not because of a true desire to do good is not a virtue.
All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to another in wisdom, appearance, or wealth, but they are equal as men.
He whose sentiments are noble prefers honor to personal aggrandizement; he whose sentiments are perverse prefers personal desires to honor.
To a man of honor, his word is his oath. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. He who is intelligent is cautious in speech and knows how
to keep secrets which must be guarded. Think not of woman as a thing with which to merely pass
the time, but as a helper and a partner in hardships. Respect her and think only of your mother and took care of you in childhood.
Great and noble is he who loves and looks after the welfare of his country.
Notable Contributions to the World of
Colonial Literature
His greatest poem was A La Patria, which he
composed under the coconut palms of Santa Cruz,
Laguna.
He composed this poem, which was inspired by Dr.
Jose Rizal's "Mi Ultimo Adios," under the pen name of
Dimas Law.
Bonifacio recognized Jacinto’s talents and patriotism,
and appointed him in various capacities, as secretary,
editor, and later general of the Katipunan.
Death of JacintoApril 16, 1899.
In February, 1897, Jacinto fought the Spanish
cazadores (riflemen) in Magdalena, Laguna.
He was wounded in the thigh, and was taken as a
prisoner to the church of Santa Cruz.
Returned to Laguna and established the secret
headquarters in the hills of Majayjay.
He contracted malignant malaria and died.
1. Andres Bonifacio’s full name is “Andrés
Bonifacio y de Castro”.
2. Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863.
3. The second wife of Bonifacio is Monica de Jesús.
4. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan
ng mga Anak ng Bayan means “Highest and
Most Respected Society of the Children of the
Country”.
5. Bonifacio died on May 10, 1890.
Quiz: True or False
6. Emilio Jacinto was born on December 15, 1885
7. Jacinto was known as the “Brains of the
Katipunan”.
8. Jacinto joined the Katipunan at the age of 21.
9. Jacinto’s greatest poem was “Mi Ultimo
Adios”.
10.The cause of Jacinto’s death was malignant
malaria.
Quiz: True or False