4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip...
-
Upload
franklin-domenic-williams -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
2
Transcript of 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip...
![Page 1: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
4/7
• Pick up: –Ecology Booklet
• If you missed a TEST come see me now! • REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday
wear old shoes!
![Page 2: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ecology—the scientific study of interactions between different organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings
![Page 4: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A. Biotic—living factors that influence an ecosystem
B. Abiotic—non-living factors that influence an ecosystemex: temperature, humidity, wind, soil, sunlight
![Page 5: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
AutotrophsA. Sunlight is the main energy source for life on
earth
B. Also called producers
C. Use light or chemical energy to make food1. Plants -- land2. Plant-like protists (algae) – upper layers of ocean3. Photosynthetic bacteria – tidal flats and salt marshes
![Page 6: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
D. Photosynthesis—use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates
(Remember: CO2 + H2O O2 + C6H12O6)
E. Chemosynthesis—performed by bacteria, use inorganic chemical compounds to produce carbohydrates ex: sulfur in tidal flats
Light Energy
![Page 7: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Heterotrophs
A. Organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply
B. Also called consumers
![Page 8: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Herbivores—obtain energy by eating only plants
Carnivores—eat only animals
![Page 9: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Omnivores—eat both plants and animals
Decomposers—breaks down dead organic matter ex: bacteria, protists and fungi
![Page 10: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Detritivore – eats dead plant and animal material (detritus)
Piscivore – carnivore that eats only fishFrugivore – herbivore or omnivore that eats
mainly fruitInsectivore – carnivore that eats mainly insects
![Page 11: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Feeding Interactions
A. Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction—from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs (producers) and then to heterotrophs (consumers)
![Page 12: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
B. Food Chain—series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
1. Arrows go in the direction of how energy is transferred
2. Start with producer and end with top consumeror carnivore
Ex: grass cricket frog raccoon
![Page 13: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
C. Food Web—network of food chains within an ecosystem
Which of the organisms above is the producer?
Which of the organisms above is the top consumer?
Hawks
Weasels Raccoons
Mice
Grass
GrassHawks
![Page 14: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
4/8
• Get out: – Ecology Booklet
• Reminder: OLC on Thursday – Test corrections and make-ups today after school
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q
• Wolves change rivers
![Page 15: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Warm-Up:
• With your table partner, use as many cards as you can to create a food chain. STOP!
• Once you are done, try and make a food web connecting all of your cards.
![Page 16: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
D. Trophic Levels—each step in a food chain or food web
1. Level 1—Producers (autotrophs)
2. Level 2—Primary Consumers(herbivores) – 1o consumers
3. Level 3—Secondary Consumers (carnivores or omnivores) – 20 consumers
![Page 17: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
4. Level 4—Tertiary Consumers (carnivore—usually top carnivore) – 3o consumers
5. Level 5 – Quaternary consumers – 40 consumers
![Page 18: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hawks
Weasels Raccoons
Mice
Grass
Food Webs
![Page 19: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IV. Ecological Pyramids
A. Diagram that shows the relative amount of energy or organisms (matter) contained within each trophic level of a
food chain or web
![Page 20: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
B. Energy Pyramid shows relative amount of energy available at each trophic level
1. Organisms in a trophic level use 90% of the available energy for life processes (such as growth,
photosynthesis, cellular respiration, metabolism, etc.) and release some energy as heat
Remember: Every chemical process that happens in your body releases heat as a byproduct (ex: burning calories).
2. Rule of 10—only about 10% of the available energy stored within a trophic level is transferred to
the next higher trophic level
![Page 21: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
C. Biomass Pyramid—represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level
![Page 23: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Represents amount of energy available at each level as well as amount of living tissue—both decrease with each increasing trophic level
Energy and Biomass Pyramid (together)
Why do you think this occurs?
![Page 24: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EOC Practice Question
![Page 26: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
4/10
–Turn in • Desert Food Web– Stack A• OLC Activity – Stack B
–Reminders: • Ecology Quiz Next Thursday
![Page 27: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
V. Ecological Interactions between organismsA. Competition—when two organisms of the same or
different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.Ex: food, water, shelter
Direct competition results in: winner (survives and reproduces) loser (dies, fails to reproduce)
survival of the fittest (natural selection)
![Page 28: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Monkeys compete with each other and other animals for food.
Rams compete with each other for mates.
![Page 29: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
B. Habitat—where an organism lives, includes both biotic and abiotic factors.
![Page 30: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
C. Niche—the ecological niche involves both the place where an organism lives and the roles that an organism has in its habitat; how an organism lives and uses its habitat.
Example: The ecological niche of a sunflower growing in the backyard includes absorbing light, water and nutrients (for photosynthesis), providing shelter and food for other organisms (e.g. bees, ants, etc.), and giving off oxygen into the atmosphere.
![Page 31: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
D. Predation—one organism captures and feeds on another organism
1. Predator—one that does the killing
2. Prey—one that is the food
![Page 32: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
E. Symbiosis—any relationship in which two species live closely together
1. Mutualism—both species benefit (WIN-WIN)a. Ex: insects and flowers
Can you think of any other examples that we’ve talked about in class?
![Page 33: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
2. Commensalism—one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.(WIN-0)
Example: barnacles on a whale
![Page 34: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3. Parasitism—one organisms lives on or inside another organism (host) and harms it.The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the host. (WIN-LOSE)
Example: fleas on a dog
![Page 35: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
VI. Levels of organization in the biosphereA. Population – group of individuals of same
species living in same areaB. Community – assemblage of different
populations (of different species) living in same area
C. Ecosystem – all organisms in a particular place and the surrounding physical environment
D. Biome – group of ecosystems with same climate and same dominant communities
E. Biosphere – the part of the planet where all life exists; includes land, water, air (atmosphere)
![Page 36: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Levels of Organization in Biosphere
![Page 37: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
4/13
Get out: -Ecology Crossword-Bring to me for stamp if completed
Pick up: Nitrogen Cycle Tutorial sheet-Reminders:
-ECOLOGY QUIZ – Thursday-All extra credit due tomorrow
![Page 38: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
4/15• Pick up: –Lynx Packet
• Get out HW: put on my desk• Reminder: Quiz tomorrow
![Page 39: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
4/17
• Pick Up: – Items for Whiteboard practice–Textbook
• Get out: Notes succession/cycles• Reminder: Ecology Test Next Wednesday• Bring tape for stamps! • Have a great Easter
![Page 40: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Warm-Up1. Carbon dioxide makes up less than 1 percent of Earth's atmosphere, and oxygen makes up about 20 percent. These percentages are maintained most directly by the processes of —A. absorption and evaporation.B. fertilization and recombination.C. respiration and photosynthesis.D. nitrogen fixation and mineralization.
2. How does a plant take in nitrogen?A. A plant takes in nitrogen as ammonium (NH4+) after a decomposing animal has released the ammonium.B. A plant takes in nitrogen as atmospheric nitrogen (N2) captured directly from the atmosphere.C. A plant takes in nitrogen as nitrates (NO3-) after nitrogen has been transformed by bacteria.D. A plant takes in nitrogen as nitrites (NO2-) received directly from other plants.
3. One of the nutrient cycles moves from an atmospheric gaseous form to the soil through both fixation and biotic assimilation processes, moves through the food web, then is returned to the soil or to the atmosphere. Which cycle fits this description?
A. carbonB. nitrogenC. phosphorusD. water
![Page 42: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Warm-Up4. Hundreds of years ago, a volcanic eruption killed many plants and animals on a tropical island. Today, the island looks much as it did before the eruption. Why is this true? A. Destroyed ecosystems always return to their exact original state.B. Altered ecosystems only regain stability from the development of grasses.C. Geographic barriers prevent the migration of animals to island habitats.D. Destroyed environments can recover through ecological succession.
5. Lichens and mosses are often the first organisms to grow in a bare area. Over time, grasses and shrubs will grow where lichens and mosses grew. The grasses and shrubs are able to grow in the area because the lichens and mosses — A. make the environment suitable for complex plants.B. are the producers in every stable ecosystem.C. synthesize specific bacteria for the grasses and shrubs.D. provide enzymes needed for complex plant growth.
![Page 43: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Warm-Up Cont.6. The 1988 fires of Yellowstone National Park cleared large areas of vegetation, leaving nothing but soil intact. When life returns to a previously established community such as Yellowstone, this process is – A. primary succession B. biodiversity C. secondary succession D. speciation
7. After a town is abandoned, the concrete parking lots remain empty and inactive for hundreds of years. What is the most likely order of ecological succession in that area? A. Grass → trees → lichens → mossB. Lichens → grass → trees → shrubsC. Shrubs → grass → trees → lichensD. Lichens → grass → shrubs → trees
![Page 44: 4/7 Pick up: – Ecology Booklet If you missed a TEST come see me now! REMINDER: OLC fieldtrip Thursday wear old shoes!](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062801/56649e4f5503460f94b46890/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
4/16
• Get out “Lynx Eats Hare” w.s.–Show me completed
assignment for stamp • Get out all stamps – write name
on stamps• Get ready for QUIZ!