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Cyber Crime

SVIMS, Batch 2010-11

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What is Cyber Space?

Cyber space is a worldwide network of computers and the equipmentthat connect them, which by its very design is free and open to the

public (the Internet).

Cyberspace is the electronic medium of computer networks, in whichonline communication takes place.

Weve become increasingly reliant on the net, and it is being used

right now to transfer everything from friendly emails to

hypersensitive data.

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What is Cybercrime?

Cybercrime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a

network, where the computers may or may not have played an

instrumental part in the commission of a crime.

Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile,

particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child

pornography, child grooming, releasing of viruses, identity theft,

interception, access and manipulation of non public data and systems.

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What is Cybercrime?

Cybercrime encompasses a broad range of potentially illegalactivities. Generally, however, it may be divided into one of two

types of categories:

Cybercrime

Crimes that target computernetworks or devices directly

Crimes facilitated by computer

networks or devices, theprimary target of which is

independent of the computernetwork or device

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Why learn about CYBER CRIME ?

Everybody is using COMPUTERS. From white collar criminals to terrorist organizations and from

teenagers to adults.

Conventional crimes like forgery, extortion, kidnapping etc. arebeing committed with the help off computers.

New generation is growing up with computers.

MOST IMPORTANT - monetary transactions are moving on to theINTERNET

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Types of Cybercrimes

Hacking

Denial of service attack

Virus dissemination

Software piracy

Pornography

IRC crime

Credit card fraud

Net extortion

Phishing

Spoofing

Cyber stalking

Cyber defamation

Threatening

Salami attack

Spam

Fraud

Obscene or offensive content

Drug trafficking

Cyber terrorism

Cyber warfare

Virus/worms

Forgery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_crimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_crime

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Hacking

The act of gaining unauthorized access to a computer system ornetwork and in some cases making unauthorized use of this access.

Hacking is also the act by which other forms of cyber-crime (e.g.,

fraud, terrorism, etc.) are committed. Hacking in simple terms means illegal intrusion into a computer

system without the permission of the computer owner/user.

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Denial of service attack

This is an act by the criminal, who floods the bandwidth of the

victims network or fills his e-mail box with spam mail depriving him

of the services he is entitled to access or provide.

This involves flooding computer resources with more requests than itcan handle. This causes the resources to crash thereby denying

authorized users the service offered by the resources.

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Virus dissemination

Malicious software that attaches itself to other software.

Eg. - Virus, worms, Trojan Horse, Time bomb, Logic Bomb, Rabbit and

Bacterium are the malicious softwares

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Software piracy

Software piracy is theft of software through the illegal copying of

genuine programs or the counterfeiting and distribution of products

intended to pass for the original.

Retail revenue losses worldwide are ever increasing due to this

crime.

Piracy can be done in various ways such as end user copying, hard

disk loading, Counterfeiting, Illegal downloads from the internet etc.

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Pornography

Pornography is the first consistently successful e-commerce product.

Pornography has deceptive marketing tactics and mouse trapping

technologies which encourages customers to access their websites.

Anybody including children can log on to the internet and access

websites with pornographic contents with a click of a mouse.

Publishing, transmitting any material in electronic form which is

lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest is an offence under the

provisions of section 67 of I.T. Act -2000.

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IRC crimes

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) servers have chat rooms in which people

from anywhere the world can come together and chat with each other

Criminals use it for meeting co-conspirators.

Hackers use it for discussing their exploits / sharing the technique.

Paedophiles use chat rooms to allure small children.

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Credit card fraud

Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud

committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as

a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction.

If electronic transactions are not secured the credit card numbers canbe stolen by the hackers who can misuse this card by impersonating

the credit card owner.

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Net extortion

Copying the companys confidential data in order to extort said

company for huge amount.

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Phishing

In computing, phishing is the criminally fraudulent process of

attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames,

password and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy

entity in an electronic communication.

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Spoofing

The process of deception by which an individual or system alters its

identity or creates additional identities, thereby causing another

person or system to act incorrectly.

Getting one computer on a network to pretend to have the identity of

another computer, usually one with special access privileges, so as to

obtain access to the other computers on the network.

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Cyber stalking

Stalking in General terms can be referred to as the repeated acts of

harassment targeting the victim such as following the victim, making

harassing phone calls, killing the victims pet, vandalizing victims

property, leaving written messages or objects.

Cyber Stalking can be defined as the repeated acts of harassment or

threatening behaviour of the cyber criminal towards the victim by

using internet services.

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Cyber defamation

The Criminal sends emails containing defamatory matters to allconcerned of the victim or post the defamatory matters on a website.

Eg. - Disgruntled employee may do this against boss, ex-boys friend

against girl, divorced husband against wife etc.

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Threatening

The Criminal sends threatening email or comes in contact in chat

rooms with victim.

Any one disgruntled may do this against boss, friend or official.

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Salami attack

In such crime criminal makes insignificant changes in such a manner

that such changes would go unnoticed.

Criminal makes such program that deducts small amount like $ 2.50

per month from the account of all the customer of the Bank and

deposit the same in his account.

In this case no account holder will approach the bank for such small

amount but criminal gains huge amount.

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Spam

Spam, or the unsolicited sending of bulk email for commercial

purposes, is unlawful to varying degrees.

As applied to email, specific anti-spam laws are relatively new,

however limits on unsolicited electronic communications haveexisted in some forms for some time.

F d

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Fraud

Computer fraud is any dishonest misrepresentation of fact intended

to let another to do or refrain from doing something which causes

loss.

D ffi ki

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Drug trafficking

Drug traffickers are increasingly taking advantage of the Internet to

sell their illegal substances through encrypted e-mail and other

Internet Technology.

Some drug traffickers arrange deals at internet cafes, use courier Websites to track illegal packages of pills, and swap recipes for

amphetamines in restricted-access chat rooms.

C b t i

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Cyber terrorism

Cyber terrorism in general, can be defined as an act of terrorism

committed through the use of cyberspace or computer resources

(Parker 1983).

As such, a simple propaganda in the Internet, that there will be bombattacks during the holidays can be considered cyber terrorism.

As well there are also hacking activities directed towards individuals,

families, organized by groups within networks, tending to cause fear

among people, demonstrate power, collecting information relevant for

ruining peoples' lives, robberies, blackmailing etc.

C b f

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Cyber warfare

The U.S. Department of Defence (DoD) notes that cyberspace has

emerged as a national-level concern through several recent events of

geo-strategic significance.

Among those are included the attack on Estonia's infrastructure in2007, allegedly by Russian hackers.

Cyberwarfare has been defined by government security expert

Richard A. Clarke, in his bookCyber War(May 2010), as "actions by a

nation-state to penetrate another nation's computers or networks for

the purposes of causing damage or disruption."

F

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Forgery

Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets

etc., can be forged using sophisticated computers, printers and

scanners.

P i M F I di id l

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Preventive Measures For Individuals

Preventive measures should be adopted by both children as well as

parents.

For instance children should not reveal any kind of identity while

chatting etc.

Parents should use content filter software on PC.

For any individual, he/she should share any personal information

online to whomsoever it might be.

Preventive measures for Government & other

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organizations

Physical security

Access control

Password

Finding the holes in network

Using network scanning programs

Using intrusion alert programs

Firewalls

Frequent password changing

Safe surfing

Frequent virus checks

Email filters

Using encryption

Cyber law

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Cyber law

India has enacted the first I.T.Act,2000 based on the UNCITRAL

model.

Chapter XI of this Act deals with offence/crimes along with certain

other provisions scattered in this Acts.

Offence Section Under IT Act

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Offence Section Under IT Act

OFFENCE SECTION

Tampering with computer source documents Sec.65

Hacking with computer systems , Data alteration Sec.66

Publishing obscene information Sec.67

Un- authorized access to protected System Sec.70

Breach of Confidentiality & Privacy Sec.72

Publishing false digital signature certificates Sec.73

Computers Related Crimes Covered Under

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pIPC & Special Laws

OFFENCE SECTIONS

Sending threatening messages by e-mail Sec 503 IPC

Sending defamatory messages by e-mail Sec 499 IPC

Forgery of electronic records Sec 463 IPC

Bogus websites , cyber frauds Sec 420 IPC

E-mail spoofing Sec 463 IPC

Web-Jacking Sec.383 IPC

E-mail Abuse Sec.500 IPC

Online sale of Drugs NDPS Act

Cyber security

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Cyber security

Cyber security involves protection of sensitive personal and business

information through prevention, detection and response to different

online attack.

Cyber security standards are security standards which enableorganizations to practice safe security techniques to minimize the

number of successful cyber security attacks.

ISO/IEC 27002 BS7799 part I & BS 7799 part II

NIST has also released several publications addressing cyber security.

Advantages of cyber security

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Advantages of cyber security

It defends us from critical attacks.

It helps us browse safe websites.

It defends us from hacks and virus.

Security developers update their database every week hence new

virus also gets deleted.

Internet security process all the incoming and outgoing data on our

computer.

Case studies

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Case studies

Pune Citibank emphasis Call Center Fraud

Baazee.com case

Andhra Pradesh Tax Case

Conclusion

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Conclusion

The modern thief can steal more with a computer

than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be ableto do more damage with a keyboard than with a

bomb.

Bibliography & Webliography

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Bibliography & Webliography

Information Technology for Management book

By E Fraim Turban

Dorothy Leiner

Ephraim Mclean

James Wetherbe

www.cyberlawsindia.net

www.iprfirm.com

www.cybercellmumbai.com

www.cybercrime.planetindia.net

www.indiacyberlab.in

www.virtualpune.com

www.brighthub.com

www.cyberlawclinic.org

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Thank you