4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to...
Transcript of 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to...
![Page 1: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Christoph ReinhartL14 Shading + Integrated Façade Design
4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings
1
![Page 2: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Weekly reading and tutorialsChapter 7: How to design a static shading system
Chapter 16: Integrated façade design
2
![Page 3: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Thermal Module Thermal Mass & Heat Flow Insulating Materials + Window Technologies Shading + Integrated Façade Design Ventilation Internal Gains & Load Calculations HVAC for Small Buildings HVAC for Large Buildings Simulation Game
√√
3
![Page 4: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Shading
4
![Page 5: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Avoidance of visual discomfort (glare). Avoidance of thermal discomfort (overheating). Avoidance of cooling loads (energy).
Why Shading?
Solar gains needed to reduce heating loads.
Maintain a view to the outside.
Why not Shading?
5
![Page 6: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
General Guidelines
Fins (west or east facades) Louvers (equator-facing facades)
6
![Page 7: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
![Page 8: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Combined Fins and Overhangs
Harvard Science Center8
![Page 9: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Iconic Louvers
New York Times building, architecture R Piano, (Photo courtesy of Scallop Holden on Flickr. License CC BY-NC-SA.)
9
![Page 10: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
(1) When is it desirable to have direct solar radiation incident on a window?
(a) Find a start and end date.
(b) Find a start and end time of day.
(2) What form should a shading device have to fulfill the requirements from step (1)?
The task of designing a static shading device can be divided into two steps:
Static Shading: When, where, how?
10
![Page 11: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
(1) When do we want toshade?
11
![Page 12: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Find a start and end date for the shading period:
Option 1: The cooling period lasts from March 21 to September 21.
Option 2: Crossover between heating and cooling degree hours.
Option 3: Crossover between heating and cooling loads.
(1) When is it desirable to have direct solar radiationincident on a window?
12
![Page 13: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heating and Cooling Degree Hours
Shaded period has to be symmetrical around the summer solstice.13
![Page 14: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Find a start and end date for the shading period:
Option 1: The cooling period lasts from March 21 to September 21.
Option 2: Crossover between heating and cooling degree hours.
Option 3: Crossover between heating and cooling loads.
(1) When is it desirable to have direct solar radiationincident on a window?
14
![Page 15: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Option 3 One Zone Thermal Simulation
15
![Page 16: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Option 3. One Zone Thermal Simulation
16
![Page 17: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Find a start and end time of day for the period from May 9 to August 3 such as:
9 AM to 3 PM
10 AM to 2 PM
at noon
(1) When is it desirable to have direct solar radiationincident on a window?
17
![Page 18: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Temporal solar radiation map
18
![Page 19: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Radiation during cooling period: May 9 to August 3Sensitivity analysis using radiation maps
65% of solar radiation is incident on the south façade from 9 am to 3 pm.
Decreasing the shading period by two hours decreases the percentage by 20%.
24 hours
200 kWh/m2
9 am – 3 pm
135 kWh/m2
10 am – 2 pm
90 kWh/m2
19
![Page 20: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Temporal solar radiation map
A temporal radiation map can be plotted in DIVA based on a grid-basedradiation map generated via Daysim.
20
![Page 21: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
(2) Form finding
21
![Page 22: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Shading from neighboring obstructions
22
![Page 23: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Option 1: 2d for method for a simple overhang.
(2) What form should a shading device have to fulfill therequirements from step (1)?
23
![Page 24: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Traditional Architectural Language
Cité de Refuge, Paris, FranceArchitect: Le Corbusier
Photo courtesy of Fred Romero on Flickr. License CC BY.24
![Page 25: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Option 2: 3d for method for a simple overhang.
(2) What form should a shading device have to fulfill therequirements from step (1)?
25
![Page 26: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Option 2: 3d using Ecotect Shading Wizard
(2) What form should a shading device have to fulfill therequirements from step (1)?
26
![Page 27: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Option 2: 3d using Ecotect Shading Wizard
(2) What form should a shading device have to fulfill therequirements from step (1)?
Uses bottom nodes of the window as reference points. (Marsh 2003)
Horizontal Shade Surround Shade
27
![Page 28: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What are the limitations of existing methods?
Surround Shade
Shade hasconflictingthermal value atdifferent times ofyear. Mostexisting methodshave no way ofweighing thegood vs. the bad.
28
![Page 29: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Aqua Building in Chicago
Architecture: Gang StudioPhoto courtesy of Johnathan Lobel on Flickr. License: CC BY-NC-SA.
The sizing of the overhangs is guided by formal aspects rather than by environmental performance.29
![Page 30: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Shaderade – A New Approach
30
![Page 31: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADE
New Approach: Break shading volumes / surfaces into small pixels, and assess the thermal value of one pixel at a time. For speed, we run one thermal simulation of the space without shading, and then cast solar rays to find all hours during which a pixel casts direct shade on a window. Based on loads and transmitted solar gains at those hours, the pixel is given credit for reducing cooling or punished for increasing heating.
Surround Shade
Paper: J Sargent, J Niemasz, C F Reinhart, “SHADERADE: Combining Rhinoceros and EnergyPlus for the design of static exterior shading devices,” submitted to Building Simulation 2011, Sydney, November 2011.31
![Page 32: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADE
Surround Shade
• Rhino• EnergyPlus• Grasshopper
32
![Page 33: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADE
Surround Shade
Once the volume has been assessed, any surface within its bounds can be visualized:
Courtesy of Jon Sargent, Jeff Niemasz, and Christoph Reinhart. Used with permission.33
![Page 34: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADE
Surround Shade
Trimming away regions with negative value (cutoff = 0):
Courtesy of Jon Sargent, Jeff Niemasz, and Christoph Reinhart. Used with permission.34
![Page 35: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADE
Surround Shade
Increasing cutoff produces more ‘efficient’ shade. Here 90% of total value remains after 50% area reduction:
Courtesy of Jon Sargent, Jeff Niemasz, and Christoph Reinhart. Used with permission.35
![Page 36: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADEHorizontal and surround shadesLoad optimized, 85% value trim:
Anchorage Boston Phoenix36
![Page 37: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Horizontal and surround shades, Carbon optimized, 85% value trim:
Static Exterior Shading: SHADERADE
Anchorage Boston Phoenix
(COP of 1.67, 0.83 for cooling, heating; carbon equivalent factors of 0.232, 0.758 kg/kWh for gas , electricity)
37
![Page 38: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How does Shaderade compare to conventional methods?
38
![Page 39: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Results
Paper: J Sargent, J Niemasz, C F Reinhart, “SHADERADE: Combining Rhinoceros and EnergyPlus for the design of static exterior shading devices”, Building Simulation 2011, Sydney, November 2011.
SHADERADE is consistently in the top range. Courtesy of Jon Sargent, Jeff Niemasz, and Christoph Reinhart. Used with permission.
39
![Page 40: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Static vs. Dynamic ShadingBuilding does not require/allow for user intervention.
Architectural perception of exterior movable shading devices is that they look ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant).
Movable shading devices (venetian blinds) offer a dynamic response to a dynamic signal.
Trees and other vegetation can function as a compromise.
Dynamic shading devices are ‘risky’ because occupant responses are difficult to predict.
40
![Page 41: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Great! Now, let’s build that shading system.
41
![Page 42: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ceramic FuturesSupported by ASCER – Tiles of SpainCollaboration with the GSD Digital Fabrication Lab (M Bechthold)
GoalTo design and build a flexible, high performance static external shading system made out of ceramics.ImpactEstablish a feedback mechanism between design analysis and digital fabrication.
Phase 1 – Design of a high performance shading system in DIVA-for-Rhino Phase 2 – Building a prototype using the robotic arm with a custom-made extruder controlled by Rhino
Paper: M Bechthold, J King, A Kane, J Niemasz, and C F Reinhart, “Integrated Environmental Design and Robotic Fabrication Workflow for Ceramic Shading Systems,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC 2010) in June, South Korea, 2011.
Images by Martin Bechthold and Christoph Reinhart. Used with permission.
42
![Page 43: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hauer meets DIVAThesis Project 2011 by Azadeh Omidfar, GSD MDesSThesis Advisor: C F Reinhart
Load Analysis Casting PrototypeResultIt is possible to design an ornamental building skin that appropriately controls the sun’s incoming radiation, provides comfortable interior daylighting levels, and
offers a transparent view to the outside.
Paper: A Omidfar, "DIVA meets Hauer: Combining aesthetics and energy efficiency using parametric variations in Grasshopper, Daysim and EnergyPlus." Building
Simulation 2011, Sydney, Australia.
Images courtesy of Azadeh Omidfar. Used with permission.
43
![Page 44: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Shady
44
![Page 45: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Integrated Façade Design
45
![Page 46: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Framework for High-Performance Buildings
Visual Comfort
Daylight Availability
Energy
Occupant BehaviorControls
46
![Page 47: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Integrated Daylighting/Thermal Analysis
The lowest form of integration is through the exchange of schedules for occupancy, electric lighting, and shading devices. More advanced forms of co-simulation are for example facilitated through energy management system application (EMS) of EnergyPlus or LBNL’s Building
Controls Virtual Test Bed.
47
![Page 48: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
DashboardReference Office
Located in Boston48
![Page 49: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Lighting Controls
Small effect overall. Select vacancy + dimming since it is required by ASHRAE 90.1 (2016).49
![Page 50: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Heating Load
Reduce infiltration rate Improve wall insulation Interior blinds Heat Pump + PV50
![Page 51: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Heating Load
Reduce infiltration rate Improve wall insulation Interior blinds Heat Pump + PV51
![Page 52: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Dashboard Zero Net Variant
52
![Page 53: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
What can we do for the occupants?
53
![Page 54: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
DashboardSplit blinds
Enhanced daylit area and view outside Small impact of HAVC loads
54
![Page 55: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
DashboardAerogel
Enhanced view outside, but risk for glare55
![Page 56: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
DashboardElectrochromic
Unobstructed view all year round
.
© Saint-Gobain. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see https://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/.
56
![Page 57: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Switchable Glazings
57
![Page 58: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A case for switchable glazingsSHGC
0.5 W/m2K ~ R-10
nanogel
58
![Page 59: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Electrochromic Glazing – Physical Principle
59
![Page 60: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Study of Thermotropic Glazings
Photos courtesy of Helge Hartwig. Used with permission.Project: research project at the Technical University of Munich (1999)Project Manager: Helge Hartwig
60
![Page 61: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Dashboard Summary
Quick overview of the tradeoffs for different façade solutions.61
![Page 62: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Questions?
www.daylight1-2-3.com
www.daysim.com
62
![Page 63: 4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings · ‘messy’ (Lam), are complicated to maintain, subject to freezing rain (climate dependant). Movable shading devices (venetian](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042208/5eac2934768ee3573e14b4cc/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
MIT OpenCourseWare https://ocw.mit.edu/
4.401/4.464 Environmental Technologies in Buildings Fall 2018
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: https://ocw.mit.edu/terms.