44 Clicker Questions

7/25/2019 44 Clicker Questions

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CAMPBELL

BIOLOGYReece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

TENTHEDITION

Clicker Questions byRoberta Batorsky

44Osmoregulationand Excretion


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Blood flukes are arasitic flat!or"s t#at li$e in t#ebloodstrea" of t#e #ost. %#e !or"&s interstitial fluids areisoos"otic to t#e #ost&s blood, so !#ic# of t#ese is'are true(

a) 1 onlyb) * onlyc) 2 and *d) 2 and 4e) * and 4

1. %#e !or"s lack fla"e bulbs, or #a$e nonfunctionalfla"e bulbs.

2. %#e !or"s #a$e fla"e bulbs t#at are "ostly acti$e inerfor"in+ os"ore+ulation.

*. %#e !or"s #a$e fla"e bulbs t#at eli"inate nitro+enous!astes.4. %#e !or"s #a$e fla"e bulbs !#ose role is to eli"inate

e cess !ater t#at enters t#e !or" by os"osis.


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Blood flukes are arasitic flat!or"s t#at li$e in t#ebloodstrea" of t#e #ost. %#e !or"&s interstitial fluids areisoos"otic to t#e #ost&s blood, so !#ic# of t#ese is'are true(

a) 1 onlyb) 3 onlyc) 2 and *d) 2 and 4e) * and 4

1. %#e !or"s lack fla"e bulbs, or #a$e nonfunctionalfla"e bulbs.

2. %#e !or"s #a$e fla"e bulbs t#at are "ostly acti$e inerfor"in+ os"ore+ulation.

*. %#e !or"s #a$e fla"e bulbs t#at eli"inate nitro+enous!astes.4. %#e !or"s #a$e fla"e bulbs !#ose role is to eli"inate

e cess !ater t#at enters t#e !or" by os"osis.


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-nder !#ic# circu"stance s#ould reabsor tion of !aterfro" kidney filtrate back into t#e bloodstrea" be "osteffecti$e(

a) if neit#er / nor aldosterone is resent incirculation

b) if bot# / and aldosterone are resent incirculation

c) if / , but not aldosterone, is resent in circulationd) if aldosterone, but not / , is resent in circulation

e) if renin, an+iotensin II, and aldosterone are resentin circulation, but not /


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-nder !#ic# circu"stance s#ould reabsor tion of !aterfro" kidney filtrate back into t#e bloodstrea" be "osteffecti$e(

a) if neit#er / nor aldosterone is resent incirculation

b) if both ADH and aldosterone are present incirculation

c) if / , but not aldosterone, is resent in circulationd) if aldosterone, but not / , is resent in circulation

e) if renin, an+iotensin II, and aldosterone are resentin circulation, but not /


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ni"als t#at can roduce e ce tionally concentratedurine s#ould be e ected to #a$e ne #rons !it# lon+er

a) 1 onlyb) * onlyc) 1 and 2

d) 1 and 4e) all four of t#ese

1. descendin+ li"bs of t#e loo s of enle.2. ascendin+ li"bs of t#e loo s of enle.*. distal tubules.4. ro i"al tubules.


7/40 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

ni"als t#at can roduce e ce tionally concentratedurine s#ould be e ected to #a$e ne #rons !it# lon+er

a) 1 onlyb) * onlyc) 1 and 2

d) 1 and 4e) all four of t#ese

1. descendin+ li"bs of t#e loo s of enle.2. ascendin+ li"bs of t#e loo s of enle.*. distal tubules.4. ro i"al tubules.



#ic# t!o solutes beco"e "ore abundant in t#e kidney"edulla&s interstitial fluid as one ro+resses dee er intot#e "edulla, and !#at is t#e si+nificance of t#ese t!o+radients(

a) urea and aCl3 interstitial fluids t#ere beco"eisoos"otic to blood

b) aCl and Cl3 t#is ro"otes "a i"al c#loride ionretention

c) C5 * and + 3 t#is roduces 6neutral interstitial

fluidsd) urea and Cl3 less urea is actually e creted t#an is

ossible

e) urea and aCl3 t#is ro"otes better retention of!ater



#ic# t!o solutes beco"e "ore abundant in t#e kidney"edulla&s interstitial fluid as one ro+resses dee er intot#e "edulla, and !#at is t#e si+nificance of t#ese t!o+radients(

a) urea and aCl3 interstitial fluids t#ere beco"eisoos"otic to blood

b) aCl and Cl3 t#is ro"otes "a i"al c#loride ionretention

c) C5 * and + 3 t#is roduces 6neutral interstitial

fluidsd) urea and Cl3 less urea is actually e creted t#an is

ossible

e) urea and Na l! this promotes better retention of"ater



In kidneys, !#ic# #or"one is "ost effecti$e at causin+increased nu"bers of a7ua orins to be resent incollectin+ duct e it#elia, and !#at is t#e source of t#is#or"one(

a) / 3 osterior ituitary +land

b) aldosterone3 adrenal "edulla

c) renin3 kidneys

d) aldosterone3 adrenal corte

e) / 3 kidneys



In kidneys, !#ic# #or"one is "ost effecti$e at causin+increased nu"bers of a7ua orins to be resent incollectin+ duct e it#elia, and !#at is t#e source of t#is#or"one(

a) ADH! posterior pituitary gland

b) aldosterone3 adrenal "edulla

c) renin3 kidneys

d) aldosterone3 adrenal corte

e) / 3 kidneys



a) en#ance"ent or a" lification of an effect by its o!ninfluence on t#e rocess t#at +i$es rise to it

b) "o$e"ent of ions or "olecules across a cell"e"brane into a re+ion of #i+#er concentration,assisted by en8y"es and re7uirin+ ener+y.

c) rocesses by !#ic# ani"als control soluteconcentrations and balance !ater +ain and loss.

d) rocesses t#at cells and $iruses use to re+ulate t#e!ay t#at t#e infor"ation in +enes is turned into +ene

roducts.

5s"ore+ulation is t#e



a) en#ance"ent or a" lification of an effect by its o!ninfluence on t#e rocess t#at +i$es rise to it

b) "o$e"ent of ions or "olecules across a cell"e"brane into a re+ion of #i+#er concentration,assisted by en8y"es and re7uirin+ ener+y.

c) processes by "hich animals control soluteconcentrations and balance "ater gain and loss#

d) rocesses t#at cells and $iruses use to re+ulate t#e!ay t#at t#e infor"ation in +enes is turned into +ene

roducts.

5s"ore+ulation is t#e



a) ro i"al tubule

b) loo of enle

c) distal tubule

d) collectin+ duct

e) 9al i+#ian tubules

#ic# of t#e follo!in+ is not associated !it# t#eroduction of urine(



a) ro i"al tubule

b) loo of enle

c) distal tubuled) collectin+ duct

e) $alpighian tubules

#ic# of t#e follo!in+ is not associated !it# t#eroduction of urine(



a) increase urine $olu"e

b) decrease urine $olu"e

c) no effect on urine $olu"e

#at effect !ould you e ect t#e dru+ furose"ide,!#ic# blocks trans ort of a : and Cl in t#e ascendin+li"b of t#e loo of enle, to #a$e on urine $olu"e(



a) increase urine %olume

b) decrease urine $olu"e

c) no effect on urine $olu"e

#at effect !ould you e ect t#e dru+ furose"ide,!#ic# blocks trans ort of a : and Cl in t#e ascendin+li"b of t#e loo of enle, to #a$e on urine $olu"e(



a) In "a""als, t#e ;u ta"edullary ne #rons can concentrateurine, allo!in+ "a""als to eli"inate !aste !it#out losin+e cess !ater.

b) In birds, t#e ne #rons #a$e loo s of enle t#at don&t

e tend as far into t#e "edulla as t#ose of "a""als.c) In re tiles, t#e kidneys #a$e only cortical ne #rons and

roduce urine t#at is iso6 or #y oos"otic to body fluid.

d)


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a) In "a""als, t#e ;u ta"edullary ne #rons can concentrateurine, allo!in+ "a""als to eli"inate !aste !it#out losin+e cess !ater.

b) In birds, t#e ne #rons #a$e loo s of enle t#at don&t

e tend as far into t#e "edulla as t#ose of "a""als.c) In re tiles, t#e kidneys #a$e only cortical ne #rons and

roduce urine t#at is iso6 or #y oos"otic to body fluid.

d)


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a) %#e !alls of t#e #eart release P in res onse to adecrease in blood $olu"e and ressure.

b) P in#ibits t#e release of renin fro" t#e ;u ta+lo"erular a aratus =>? ).

c) P in#ibits t#e reabsor tion of aCl by t#e collectin+ducts.

d) P reduces aldosterone release fro" t#e adrenal+lands.

e) %#e re+ulatory role of P is under in$esti+ation.

#ic# of t#e follo!in+ state"ents about atrialnatriuretic e tide = P) is incorrect(


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a) (he "alls of the heart release AN in response toa decrease in blood %olume and pressure#

b) P in#ibits t#e release of renin fro" t#e ;u ta+lo"erular a aratus =>? ).

c) P in#ibits t#e reabsor tion of aCl by t#e collectin+ducts.

d) P reduces aldosterone release fro" t#e adrenal+lands.

e) %#e re+ulatory role of P is under in$esti+ation.

#ic# of t#e follo!in+ state"ents about atrialnatriuretic e tide = P) is incorrect(


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*cientific *'ills Exercises

ine ca tured "ice !ere #oused in indi$idual ca+esand +i$en birdseed =10@ !ater by !ei+#t) to eat. In art

of t#e study, t#e "ice also #ad unli"ited access to ta!ater3 in art B of t#e study, t#ey !ere not +i$en anyadditional !ater for *A days, si"ilar to conditions in t#eirnatural #abitat.


23/40


%#e table s#o!s t#e data fro" t#e e eri"ent. o! doesurine os"olarity co" are bet!een t#e t!o treat"ent+rou s(

a) -rine os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice !it# unli"itedaccess to !ater.

b) -rine os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice +i$en no

!ater.c) %#ere is little

difference in urineos"olarity bet!een

t#e t!o +rou sof "ice.


24/40


%#e table s#o!s t#e data fro" t#e e eri"ent. o! doesurine os"olarity co" are bet!een t#e t!o treat"ent+rou s(

a) -rine os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice !it# unli"itedaccess to !ater.

b) +rine osmolarity is much higher in the mice gi%en no

"ater#c) %#ere is little

difference in urineos"olarity bet!een

t#e t!o +rou sof "ice.


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o! does blood os"olarity co" are bet!een t#e t!otreat"ent +rou s(

a) Blood os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice !it#unli"ited access to !ater.

b) Blood os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice +i$en

no !ater.c) %#ere is little difference in blood os"olarity

bet!een t#e t!o +rou s of "ice.


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o! does blood os"olarity co" are bet!een t#e t!otreat"ent +rou s(

a) Blood os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice !it#unli"ited access to !ater.

b) Blood os"olarity is "uc# #i+#er in t#e "ice +i$en

no !ater.c) (here is little difference in blood osmolarity

bet"een the t"o groups of mice#


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o! does urea concentration in urine co" arebet!een t#e t!o treat"ent +rou s(

a) -rea concentration in urine is "uc# #i+#er in t#e"ice !it# unli"ited access to !ater.

b) -rea concentration in urine is "uc# #i+#er in t#e

"ice +i$en no !ater.c) %#ere is little difference in urea concentration in

urine bet!een t#e t!o +rou s of "ice


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o! does urea concentration in urine co" arebet!een t#e t!o treat"ent +rou s(

a) -rea concentration in urine is "uc# #i+#er in t#e"ice !it# unli"ited access to !ater.

b) +rea concentration in urine is much higher in the

mice gi%en no "ater#c) %#ere is little difference in urea concentration in

urine bet!een t#e t!o +rou s of "ice.


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o! does urea concentration in blood co" arebet!een t#e t!o treat"ent +rou s(

a) -rea concentration in blood is "uc# #i+#er in t#e"ice !it# unli"ited access to !ater.

b) -rea concentration in blood is "uc# #i+#er in t#e"ice +i$en no !ater.

c) %#ere is little difference in urea concentration inblood bet!een t#e t!o +rou s of "ice.


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o! does urea concentration in blood co" arebet!een t#e t!o treat"ent +rou s(

a) -rea concentration in blood is "uc# #i+#er in t#e"ice !it# unli"ited access to !ater.

b) -rea concentration in blood is "uc# #i+#er in t#e"ice +i$en no !ater.

c) (here is little difference in urea concentration inblood bet"een the t"o groups of mice#


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/oes t#is data set ro$ide e$idence of #o"eostaticre+ulation(

a) o3 t#e blood os"olarity and urea concentration inurine are about t#e sa"e in t#e "ice !it# unli"itedaccess to !ater.

b) es3 t#e blood os"olarity is about t#e sa"e in t#et!o treat"ent +rou s, but t#e urine os"olarity is not.

c) o3 t#ere is little difference in urea concentration in

blood bet!een t#e t!o treat"ent +rou s.d) es3 t#e urine os"olarity is +reater t#an t#e urea

concentration in urine in bot# treat"ent +rou s.


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/oes t#is data set ro$ide e$idence of #o"eostaticre+ulation(

a) o3 t#e blood os"olarity and urea concentration inurine are about t#e sa"e in t#e "ice !it# unli"itedaccess to !ater.

b) ,es! the blood osmolarity is about the same inthe t"o treatment groups& but the urineosmolarity is not#

c) o3 t#ere is little difference in urea concentration inblood bet!een t#e t!o treat"ent +rou s.

d) es3 t#e urine os"olarity is +reater t#an t#e ureaconcentration in urine in bot# treat"ent +rou s.


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By co" arin+ t#ese ratios, !#at conclusion can you dra!about t#e sandy inland "ouse(

a) #en ro$ided !it# unli"ited access to !ater, t#e "iceroduce #i+#ly concentrated urine.

b) it# no access to !ater, t#e "ice roduce #i+#lyconcentrated urine.

c) %#e "ice al!ays roduce #i+#ly concentrated urine, no"atter #o! "uc# !ater t#ey #a$e access to.

d) it# no access to !ater, t#e "ice roduce #i+#lyconcentrated blood.

Treatment Group Ratio of urineosmolarity to bloodosmolarity

Unlimited access to

water

1:4


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By co" arin+ t#ese ratios, !#at conclusion can you dra!about t#e sandy inland "ouse(

a) #en ro$ided !it# unli"ited access to !ater, t#e "iceroduce #i+#ly concentrated urine.

b) 0ith no access to "ater& the mice produce highlyconcentrated urine#

c) %#e "ice al!ays roduce #i+#ly concentrated urine, no"atter #o! "uc# !ater t#ey #a$e access to.

d) it# no access to !ater, t#e "ice roduce #i+#lyconcentrated blood.

Treatment Group Ratio of urineosmolarity to bloodosmolarity

Unlimited access to

water

1:4


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Gu ose t#at t#e "ice !it# unli"ited access to !aterroduced "ore urine t#an t#e "ice +i$en no access to

!ater. o! !ould t#at difference in urine roductionaffect your ratio calculations for t#e t!o +rou s(=Re"e"ber t#at t#e ratio is urine os"olarity di$ided byblood os"olarity.)

a) %#e ratios for bot# +rou s !ould increase.b) %#e ratio for t#e "ice +i$en no access to !ater

!ould increase.

c) %#e ratio for t#e "ice !it# unli"ited access to !ater!ould increase.

d) %#e ratios for bot# +rou s !ould decrease.

e) %#e ratios for bot# +rou s !ould stay t#e sa"e.


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Gu ose t#at t#e "ice !it# unli"ited access to !aterroduced "ore urine t#an t#e "ice +i$en no access to

!ater. o! !ould t#at difference in urine roductionaffect your ratio calculations for t#e t!o +rou s(=Re"e"ber t#at t#e ratio is urine os"olarity di$ided byblood os"olarity.)

a) %#e ratios for bot# +rou s !ould increase.b) %#e ratio for t#e "ice +i$en no access to !ater

!ould increase.

c) %#e ratio for t#e "ice !it# unli"ited access to !ater!ould increase.

d) %#e ratios for bot# +rou s !ould decrease.

e) (he ratios for both groups "ould stay the same#

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