431.4808/11/05Rev. 05

10 CFR PART 72 SCREEN Page 1 of 2

Screen # 07-024

Facility Name: TMI-2 ISFSI Change No.: EDF-8465Subject EDF evaluates the significance of cracks and efflorescence located in and on the concrete Horizontal

Activity Description: Storage Modules (HSMs).

The acceptance criteria used is that subject conditions do not impair the ability of the concrete to perform its safetyfunctions (structural and shielding) as defined in the TMI-2 SAR.

The efflorescence material was sampled and found to be calcium carbonate (the usual constituent of concreteefflorescence). The EDF concluded that these types the efflorescence deposits are typical for concrete exposedto a wet-dry cycle and do not represent a significant degradation to the structural function of the HSMs.

Various crack types and associated deterioration were evaluated. None of the conditions evaluated were found toimpair the ability of the concrete to perform its safety functions.

The EDF concludes that the existing conditions are cosmetic in nature. Therefore the acceptance criteria has beensatisfied.

Use of this form must be in accordance with MCP-2925. Sufficient activity description, justifications, and documents reviewedmust be provided to permit an independent reviewer to reach the same conclusions. The discussions in Appendix A should beused to develop any justifications documented below.

1. License Condition or Technical Specification: (Complete this section for all Part 72 screens.)

la. Does the activity require any change, even editorial, to the license or technical specifications? 0J Yes 0 No

lb. Does the activity require an exemption to any NRC regulations? EL Yes 0 No

1c. Is the activity a change to or require a change to FSV SAR Section 7.7, 9.3, or Chapter 11 or El Yes Z NoTMI-2 SAR Section 7.6, 9.3, or Chapter 11?

Justification: The presence of the subject cracks and efflorescence located in and on the concrete Horizontal StorageModules (HSMs) will not require changes be made to. the license, technical specification or TMI-SAR, nor will anexemption be required to any NRC regulations because the subject cracks and efflorescence are cosmetic innature and do not affect the ability of the HSMs to perform their safety functions. Also the below documentsreviewed do not address the subject cosmetic conditions.

Documents Reviewed: TMI-2 SAR, License and Technical Specifications

If the answer to la or 1 b is '"Yes" the activity may not be implemented until N RC approval is obtained. If the answerto lc is "Yes"a 72.44 Evaluation in accordance with MCP-2925 is required before the activity may be completed.

2. Facility Change: If the activity is a physical change (addition, modification, or removal) within a facility or to any equipment orstructure, or to any design document (drawing, calculation, analysis, specification, design input or assumption, etc.), thencomplete this section. Also complete this section for changes to the SAR. Otherwise indicate N/A at the end of this section.

2a. Does the activity adversely affect a design function of equipment or structures described in the [] Yes Z NoSAR or TS Bases?

2b. Does the activity adversely affect a method of performing or controlling a design function of El Yes Z Noequipment or structures described in the SAR or TS Bases?

2c. Does the activity adversely affect an evaluation which demonstrates the design functions of El Yes 2 Noequipment or structures described in the SAR or TS Bases?

2d. Does the activity result in a change to the Technical Specification Bases? EL Yes E No

431.4808/11/05Rev. 05

10 CFR PART 72 SCREEN Page 2 of 2

Justification (include effectsthat are not adverse):

Documents Reviewed:

The presence of the subject cracks and efflorescence located in and on the concrete HorizontalStorage Modules (HSMs) will not affect the design function, method of performing or controlling adesign function or an evaluation which demonstrates the design functions of the HSMs as describedin the SAR or TS Bases. Also a change to the Technical Specification Bases is not required EDF-8465 has concluded that the subject cracks and efflorescence are cosmetic in nature and do notaffect the ability of the HSMs to perform their safety functions. The below reviewed documents donot address the subject conditions and because they are cosmetic in nature they have no adverseaffect to the HSMs.

TMI-2 SAR, Technical Specification Bases

If any answer in Section 2 is "Yes" then a 72.48 Evaluation in accordance with MCP-2925 is required before the activity may becompleted.

3. Procedure Change: If the activity is a change to facility operation, maintenance, transport, test, or experiment procedures, thencomplete this section. Also complete this section for changes to the SAR. Otherwise indicate NIA at the end of this section.

Is the activity a modification to, addition to, or removal from any procedure that adversely affects theoperation and control of equipment or structures as described in the SAR or TS Bases?

El Yes [I No

Justification (include effectsthat are not adverse):

Documents Reviewed: NA

If this answer is "Yes" then a 72.48 Evaluation in accordance with MCP-2925 is required before the activity can be completed.

Conclusion:

If all the questions on this form are answered NO, then the signatures on this form will complete the 10 CFR Part 72 regulatory screen andthe activity may proceed.

Assumptions & Limitations:

none

APPROVALS

J. L. StalnakerComplete By Trained Screener

Print/Type Name

H. L. LordIndependent Review By Qualified 72.48 Screener

Print/Type Name

Trained ScreenerSignature

Signature

10/25/07Date

10/25/07Date

431.02 ENGINEERING DESIGN FILE06/12/2007Rev. 14(Use with MCP-2374) Page 2 of I I

EDF No.: 8465 EDF Rev. No.: 0 Project File No.: ICARE-102744

1. Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence and Cracks of TMI HSMs (ICARE-102744)

2. Index Codes:

Building/Type CPP-1774 SSC ID HSM-1 through 30 Site Area 200/INTEC

7. Review (R) and Approval (A) and Acceptance (Ac) Signatures:(See instructions for definitions of terms and significance of signatures.)

R/A Typed Name/Organization Signature Date

Performer/Author Nathan B. Smith/9410 /•'A •

Technical Checker R P. A. Holmes/9410 4 -- - 2-7*Independent PeerReviewer R NA*Design Authority A NA

*Nuclear Safety

(only if 5(a) is Yes) R

Approver A K. E. Lombard/9410 k- , ,,.-- ______-_-_

Requestor(if applicable) Ac J. L. Stalnaker/5190 40 -ZZ- -7, 7

DRSC Ac -1 4/IZI/8. Distribution:

(Name and Mail Stop)

9. Does document contain sensitive unclassified information? ED Yes [K No

If Yes, what category:

10. Will document be externally distributed? El Yes E No

*11. NRC related? Z Yes LI No

12. Registered Professional Engineer's Stamp (if required) [ N/A

* Not required for commercial level calculations

EDF-8465Page 3of11 Pages

Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) Revision:D t 0Author: Nathan B. Smith Date: 1 0/22/2007

Table of Contents

P u rrp o s e ................................................................................................................................................... 4S c o p e ...................................................................................................................................................... 4C o n c lu s io n s ............................................................................................................................................. 4Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 4Structure, System, or Component (SSC) Description ......................................................................... 4S afety C ate g o ry ....................................................................................................................................... 5Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) Performance Category (PC) ....................................................... 5M a te ria ls .................................................................................................................................................. 5In p u ts ...................................................................................................................................................... 5A ssu m ptio n s ............................................................................................................................................ 6Acceptance Criteria ................................................................................................................................. 6C he cking M e tho d .................................................................................................................................... 6A n a ly s is ................................................................................................................................................... 6R efe re nce s ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1

EDF-8465Page 4of1 Pages

Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) Revision: 0Author: Nathan B. Smith Date: 10/22/2007

Purpose

This report investigates the nature and significance of the observed conditions found on several ofthe concrete Horizontal Storage Modules (HSMs) at the INTEC Interim Storage Facility (CPP-1774).The conditions observed are white solid deposits, crazing, and cracks.

ScopeThe scope of the EDF is limited to evaluation of the 30 HSMs at CPP 1774. The conditions

evaluated are limited to efflorescence, crazing, and cracking.

ConclusionsEfflorescence, the solid whitish crystalline material observed on the HSMs is calcium carbonate, the

usual constituent of concrete efflorescence. Such deposits are common to concrete exposed to a wet-dry cycle, and do not represent a significant degradation to the concrete structure.

Crazing, the observed fine line cracking, is caused by shrinkage on the surface of the concrete.These fine cracks are rarely greater than 1/8 inch deep, and do not affect the durability or wearresistance of the concrete. Crazing is caused by poor curing practice, too rapid water evaporation, toowet a concrete mix, and a few other means. If the surface was soft and dusting, it may have beencaused by surface carbonation, which does not appear to be the case here.

Cracking, greater than fine line cracking, is somewhat typical to concrete structures. This observedcracking seems to be the result of environmental conditions and volume changes within the concretemass. The cracks are not associated with structural stress conditions within the concrete structure. Ascurrently observed the condition is more associated with spalling rather than structural cracking. Assuch, repair techniques tend toward removal of the damaged concrete and concrete replacement (Ref.1), rather than direct repair of the cracked portion.

Cracking associated with environmental conditions such as freeze-thaw cycles, if left unprotected,will continue to expand resulting in additional spalling and material loss.

RecommendationsNo actions are required at this time. The existing conditions are cosmetic in nature, and

efflorescence removal or crack repair is not recommended. The conditions should be monitored, and ifthe severity increases, or sufficient quantities of minor cracks are present to justify the risk and costassociated with repairs, concrete repair could be performed. Corrective action could be initiated whensignificant areas of concrete reinforcing steel cover is reduced by one half (1/2 inch, Ref. 2), reinforcingsteel is exposed, or reinforcing steel damage is suspected.

Consideration should be given to providing effective protection against liquid water to reduce theseverity of freeze attack, by reducing the exposing of the concrete to water penetration.

Structure, System, or Component (SSC) DescriptionThe INTEC Interim Storage Facility employs thirty precast concrete horizontal storage modules to

safely store Three Mile Island (TMI) reactor fuel. The modules are a proprietary design of TransnuclearWest, Inc (TN-West) and were precast in central Washington State for installation at the INTEC storagefacility (CPP-1774). The vaults are a rectangular hollow concrete box, with an internal void accepting asteel canister (DSC) containing the stored material. The concrete vaults provide protection for andshielding from the DSC. The HSM cross section is shown below:

EDF-8465Page 5 of 11 Pages

Revision: I0Date: 10/22/2007

Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744)Author: Nathan B. Smith

Safety CategoryThe HSMs are designated as Safety Significant for personnel protection.

Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) Performance Category (PC)Because NPH loads are outside the scope of this EDF, the PC designation of this SSC is not

applicable.

MaterialsThe HSMs are precast concrete units placed on a cast-in-place concrete foundation pad.

Material Property Nomenclature:

Reinforced Concrete -

w, - Unit weight (density) (Ib/ft 3)fc'=- Concrete compressive strength (psi)fy =- Yield strength of nonprestressed reinforcement bars (psi)

Table 1. Material properties - reinforced concreteW c f., fy

(lb.fft3) (psi) (psi) Data Reference145 5000 60000 Density for concrete only, reinforcing steel

A615 or A706 Grade 60 (Ref. 3)

InputsResults from field observations and chemical results of field material samples are applied in the

evaluation of the observed solid deposits and concrete cracks.

EDF-8465Page 6 of 11 Pages

Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) Revision: 0Author: Nathan B. Smith Date: 10/22/2007

Assumptions

None.

Acceptance CriteriaAcceptance is based on a determination that the observed conditions do not impair the concrete

HSMs ability to perform their safety function. This function is described in the facility safety document(Ref. 4) as:

"The HSM is a massive reinforced concrete structure that provides protection for theDSC against tornado missiles and other potentially adverse natural phenomena. TheHSM also serves as the principal biological shield for the TMI-2 canisters duringstorage."

Checking Method

This reported is verified by detailed document review.

AnalysisThree potential areas of concern were evaluated: efflorescence, crazing, and cracking.

To evaluate efflorescence, the observed white solids, it was relevant to establish if they containedsignificant amounts of sulfates. The presence of sulfates could contribute to concrete sulfate attack(Ref. 5, 6) and potentially significant degradation of the concrete and reinforcing steel.

Field samples of the material were collected and provided to Analytical Services (Org. 5640) foranalysis. Since the quantity of material was limited, two samples were obtained by pooling the depositsfrom multiple HSMs. Analysis results (Ref. 7) reported the solids were predominately calcium carbonate.Calcium carbonate is the normal constituent of concrete efflorescence. A short description of concreteefflorescence is provided as taken from Reference 8.

"Efflorescence and Leaching: Efflorescence occurs on the surface of concretefollowing the percolation of a fluid (e.g., water) through the material, eitherintermittently or continuously, or when an exposed surface is alternately wetted anddried. Efflorescence results from the dissolution of salts contained in the cementmatrix, which are leached out of the concrete and crystallized upon subsequentevaporation of fluid or interaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere."

From discussion and description above and other related documents; the observed efflorescencecondition does not represent significant damage or risk to the integrity or safety performance of theHSM.

The observed crazing (fine line cracking) conditions of the HSMs are also investigated. Severalareas of crazing were observed. Crazing is caused by shrinkage on the surface of the concrete duringcuring. These fine cracks are rarely greater than 1/8 inch deep, and do not effect the durability or wearresistance of the concrete. Crazing is caused by poor curing practice (too fast evaporation), too wet aconcrete mix, and a few other means. If the surface was soft and dusting, it may have been caused bysurface carbonation, which does not appear to be the case here. Cracking due to drying shrinkage cannever be eliminated in most concrete structures (Ref http://www.nrmca.org/aboutconcrete/cips/03p.pdf).

Cracking and spalling were also observed. The cracking seems to be the result of environmentalconditions (volume changes within the concrete mass). INTEC is located in a high desert environment.Extreme variations in annual temperature and humidity are part of the nature seasonal cycle (Ref. 9).

EDF-8465Page 7of1 Pages

ITitle: IEvaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) IRevision: 1 0Author: INathan B. Smith Date: 110122t2007

These variations contributed to a higher frequency of freeze thaw cycles at the INL. Surface water maybe trapped and held within the HSMs, slowly leaking into small cracks and freeing. With the freeze-thawcycle, water expands and slowly cracks off the comers of the concrete. Freeze-thaw damage isgenerally slow and progressive, increasing with time as the damage increases.

Photographs of the various crack conditions are provided.

A representative photo of efflorescence and comer cracking is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Repentative Efflorescence and Comer Cracking

EDF-8465Page 8 of 11 Pages

I Revsion: 0Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744)Author: I Nathan B. Smith Date: K 9LPq2qWi

Minor hairline cracking (crazing) is present on several vertical and horizontal surfaces. Figure 2 isrepresentative of crazing on the top surface of the HSMs.

Figure 2 Surface Hairline Cracking (Crazing)

Figure 3 is an additional example of corner cracking accompanied by horizontal edge cracking (D-cracking). A sizable crack width is present, and could extend to the reinforcing steel. With the locationnear the extreme edge of the HSMS this crack geometry does not represent a significant threat to theperformance of the HSMS. Further extension of the comer crack could produce a corner spall as shownin Figure 5.

Figure 4 is an example of surface cracking prior to spalling of the surface material.

EDF-8465Pae 9 of 11 Pages

Title: I Evaluation of Concrete Effiorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) ] Revision: j 0 ]1 Author: I Nathan B. Smith Date: 10/2212007 1

Figure 3 Comer and Edge Cracking

Figure 4 Pre-spall Surface Cracking

EDF-8465Page 10 of 11 Pages

Title: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) Revisin: 0

Author: Nathan B. Smith Date: 110/22/20071

Figure 5 is an example of a comer spall. The spall may be the result of a corner crack (Figure 3)which extended to a depth above the reinforcing steel. Time and freeze thaw cycles could extend thecrack and allow the corner material to separate.

Figure 5 Comer Spall

The observed cracks do not seem to be associated with structural stress conditions within theconcrete structure. The conditions do not represent a threat to the safety performance of the HSMS.When a substantial number of such conditions are present, corrective and cosmetic repair maybe bewarranted. Repair techniques tend toward removal of the damaged concrete and concrete replacement(Ref. 1), rather than direct repair of the cracked portion.

EDF-8465Page 11 of 11 Pages

Title: =Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence of TMI HSMs (ICARE 102744) Revision: I 0 --/00IAuthor: INathan B. Smith Date: 110122/2007

References1 Kraus, P. D., D. J. Naus, "Repair materials and techniques for concrete structures in nuclear

power plants," Nuclear Engineering and Design, 181 (1998) pages 71-89.

2 Drawing 513791, "Horizontal Storage Module Standard Module Base Unit," Rev. 1.

3 File 219-02.0114, "Specification for Concrete Construction of a TMI-2 Precast HorizontalStorage Module," TN-West, Revision 1, June 1998.

4 TMI-2 ISFSI SAR, Revision 5A, "Chapter 4 - Installation Design," April 2007.

5 Neville, Adam, "Efflorescence- Surface Blemish or Internal Problem, Part 1: The Knowledge,"Concrete International, August 2002, pages 86-90.

6 Neville, Adam, "Efflorescence- Surface Blemish or Internal Problem, Part 2: Situation inpractice," Concrete International, September 2002, pages 85-88.

7 Ranger, Jackie, and Michael Dammann, "Unknown Identification of Solid Samples for ProjectESP-032-07, TMI Water Deposits Through Seepage, ER-TOS-S3013, Analytical Report,"Southwest Research Institute, Task Order No. 070814-6, September 2007.

8 Hookham, C. J., "Structural Aging Assessment Methodology for Concrete Structures InNuclear Power Plants, "ORNL/NRC/LTR-90, January 1991.

9 Ricks, N. R., "Climatography of the Idaho National Laboratory 2 Edition," DOE/ID-12118,December 1989.

241.2303/05/07Rev. 01

ICP RECORDS TRANSMITTAL

Page 1 of 1

1. DOCUMENT/ RECORD INFORMATION

Document ID: EDF-8465 Revision ID: 0 Project Number: NA

Title/Description: Evaluation of Concrete Efflorescence and Cracks ofTMI HSMsDate of Record:

Alternate ID: NA OR Effective Date: 10/25/2007

Document Author(s)/Creator(s): N. B. Smith Date Range From:

Document Owner R. L. Gardner (if applicable): To:

Originating Function: NRC Operations Charge No.:

Controlled Documents Only:Periodic Review Frequency: 0 N/A Fl 5 years El Annually [I Other (Explain)

2. RECORDS MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

Uniform File Code(s): 0250 Disposition Authority: ENV1-b-4-a

Keywords: efflorescence

Do record(s) pertain to: Z DOE/RW-0333P FI WIPP/TRU Waste 0 NRC Licensed programs

Choose applicable FACILITY that record(s) pertains to:El ARA [] CFA El EBR-1 El IF FACILITIES 0 INTEC El MFC (formerly ANL-W)EL NRF El PBFNVERFANROC [3 RTC (formerly TRA) LI RWMC E3 SMC El TANEl Site-Wide El OTHER (If Site-Wide or OTHER, add facility names in keywords.)

Category: [ Quality Assurance E3 Sensitive Unclassified El Emergency Operating El Legal & Financial Rights

El Environmental (complete shaded area below)

2a. CERCLA [] Yes [] No If YES, provide: WAG _ OU SITE CODEENV.

RECORD 2b. Env. AIR: El Site Wide General El Site Wide NOx El SW Title VINFORMATION Applicability: CULTURAL RESOURCES: El Archaeological E] Architectural. El Archival

HAZIRCRA: El Closure El TSDF E[ Waste Analysis/Characterization El Other

WATER:. El Drinking El Storm El WLAP El Wells El Other

_E EPCRA El FIFRA E] NEPA El TSCAý El MISCELLANEOUS

3. QA RECORD VALIDATIONOnly required for QA records where no other method of validation (signature, initials, etc.) is available on the record itself

J. L. Stalnaker _ _ _ _ _"_52450 /,/-/_ "'7-Validator Validator Validator S Number Date

Print/Type Name Signature4. SIGNATURES

Sign/Date as Sender: J. L. Stalnaker d-6_ _ -/_,,_.-__ _7Sender Print/Type Name •.' Sender Signature Date

Acceptance/ Receipt: 141 [.0• ' /!.De~7Aocation of Receiving DRSC or SFL Receiver Signature

5. RECORDS PROCESSING INFORMATION

For Document Control and Records Management Use Only

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