4.3 Upstream-downstream Water Quality Monitoring in Brantas River ...
Transcript of 4.3 Upstream-downstream Water Quality Monitoring in Brantas River ...
Upstream-Downstream Water Quality Monitoring in Brantas River Basin, Indonesia
Syamsul Bachri Director of Operational Affair
Jasa Tirta I Public Corporation River Basin Management Agency of the Brantas and Bengawan Solo River Basin
Jalan Surabaya No 2A Malang 65115
SELAT
MADURA
SAMUDERA
INDONESIA
WILAYAH KERJA PJT I (DAS BRANTAS) SESUAI PP NO. 46 TAHUN 2010
TRENGGAL
EK
BLITA
R
TULUNGAGU
NG
KEDIRI
NGANJU
K
SURABA
YA
SIDOARJ
O
JOMBAN
G
MOJOKERT
O
MALA
NG Bend. Tiudan
Bend. Segawe Bend. Wonorejo
Bend. Lodoyo Bend. Sutami
Bend. Lahor
Bend. Selorejo
Bend. Glatik
Bend. Mrican
Bend. Menturus
Bend. Gunungsari
Bend. Lengkong Baru
P. Air Jagir
Bend. Gubeng
PLTA Tulungagung Selatan
2
39
4
3
1
5
6 7 10 9
8 11
12 13 14
15
17 16
18 1
1
1
20 19
21
23
22
24
25 25
26 27
28
29
30 31
32 33
35
36 37
38 40
34
NAMA-NAMA SUNGAI
1. Brantas
2. Amprong
3. Lesti
4. Metro
5. Lahor
6. Bambang
7. Lekso
8. Semut
9. Jari
10. Putih
11. Ewuh
12. Kalidawir
13. Parit Agung
14. Parit Raya
15. Ngrowo
16. Ngasinan
17. Tawing
18. Tugu
19. Bodeng
20. Song
21. Badak
22. Serinjing
23. Konto
24. Kedak
25. Widas
26. Kedungsoko
27. Ulo
28. Kuncir
29. Bening
30. Beng
31. Watudakon
32. Brangkal
33. Sadar
34. Kambing
35. Porong
36. Marmoyo
37. Surabaya
38. Kedurus
39. Wonokromo
40. Mas
Bend. Jatimlerek
Bend. Wlingi Bend. Sengguruh
Bend. Bening
P. Air Wonokromo
G. KELUD G. BROMO
G. SEMERU
G. KAWI
G. WILIS
G. ARJUNO
U P. Air Mlirip
BRANTAS RIVER BASIN
Sutami Dam
Selorejo
Dam
Bening Dam
Wonorejo
Dam Sengguruh Dam
Wlingi Dam Lodoyo Barrage
Surabaya
Malang
Kediri Brantas River Basin Indonesia
• Catchment Area : 11,800 km2 (25% of East Java)
• Population (2010) : 15.6 million (43% of East Java)
• Annual Rainfall : 2,000 mm
• Annual Runoff : 11.8 billion m3
• Mainstream Length : 320 km
MASTER PLAN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
WATER
RESOURCES
PROBLEMS
SECOND
MASTER PLAN
(1973)
FIRST MASTER
PLAN
(1961)
THIRD
MASTER PLAN
(1985)
IMPLEMENTATION
(1962 - 1972)
IMPLEMENTATION
(1973 - 1984)
IMPLEMENTATION
(1984 - 2000)
FLOOD CONTROL
IRRIGATION FOR
AGRICULTURE
BULKWATER
SUPPLY
SUSTAINABLE
WATER
RESOURCES
IMPLEMENTATION
(1999 - 2020)
CONSERVATION &
MANAGEMENT
FOURTH
MASTER PLAN
(1998)
INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE BASIN
Master Plan I
(1961 - 1973)
Master Plan II
(1974 - 1985)
Master Plan III
(1986 - 2000)
Sengguruh Dam (88) T.Agung Tunnel (91)
Selorejo Dam (72)
Waru-Turi B. (92)
Bening Dam (84) Gunungsari B. (81)
Wlingi Dam (78) Lodoyo Dam (83) Lahor Dam (77)
Wonorejo Dam (00) Jatimlerek R.D (93)
Menturus R.D (93)
Sutami Dam (72)
New Lengkong B (74)
JASA TIRTA I PUBLIC CORPORATION (PJT-I)
• PJT-I was formed based on Government Regulation (GR) No 5/1990 and its mandate was amended several times and then by Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed. The latest is by GR No. 46/2010 to suit the Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and to support PJT I business development (drinking water supply system and electric power generation).
• PJT-I implements corporatization in Water Resources Management by rendering professional services based on stakeholders’ participations.
• Main mandates are: water services, preventive O&M of water resources infrastructures, under a shared system of water governance.
SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
TERRACING
REFORESTATION
Activities to improve the land use and restore the hydrology properties in the catchment area by means of multi-stakeholder cooperation.
Render water services to all users in a fair and transparent manner as regulated by the Water Resources Coordination Body.
IRRIGATION
DOMESTIC SUPPLY SPRING CONSERVATION
CHECK DAMS
Catchment Area Management Water Quantity Management
COOPERATION
HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER
RESERVOIR OPERATION
INDUSTRY SUPPLY
Water Quality Management Flood Control
WATER EXAMINATION
Water quality management activities to improve the river and water bodies in accordance to its designation.
MONITORING RESULT
MOBILE LABORATORY
FIELD GUIDANCE
INSPECTIONS
Activities designated to control flood by preventive measures as well as emergency response to disasters.
FLOOD MONITORING
WATER LEVEL MONITORING
RAINFALL MONITORING
EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES
PUBLIC BASED MONITORING
SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
River Environment Management O&M of Infrastructures
Activities to promote environmental awareness and public participation.
RIVER TOURISM RESERVOIR TOURISM
WATER SPORTS CLEAN RIVER CAMPAIGN
OUTBOUND
RIVER IMPROVEMENT
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE RESERVOIR DREDGING
URGENT MEASURES
SMALL REHABILITATION
Operation and maintenance of related infrastructures within the assigned rivers in the working area.
SIX ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
WATER QUALITY ISSUES • Less of environmental awareness by industries, domestic and agriculture
such as:
Waste water treatment in industries which still not well function correctly,
Disposing of waste water and solid waste directly to the river by the people,
Excessive consumption of fertilizer and pesticide by the farmers,
Ineffective institutional arrangement for water quality management sue to less of coordination between concerned agencies, and
Lack of funding coupled with incomplete regulations and ineffective of law enforcement.
WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS
• The water quality in the water body are below or exceed the water quality standard,
• Eutrophication problem appear in the reservoir due to excessive nutrient in the water cause severe oxygen depletion occur caused fish within the reservoir died and abundance of algae blooming,
• Creating water purification difficulties and rises the cost of water treatment.
• Domestic water supply companies as the users of the bulk water often can not operated optimally due to the degradation of water quality such as turbidity problem and water pollution.
Water Quality Effects at Lower Reach of Brantas River
Metropolitan City of Surabaya
- Effluent Shock loading by bad industries
- Inadequate treatment of domestic waste
Eutrophication problem in reservoir
Low quality of raw water supply for domestic users
RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY RESEARCH IN BRANTAS
• The river pollutant carrying capacity is an important index which can be measure basin pollutant carrying capacity. It is stipulated in the Decree of State Minister for Environmental Affairs, Government of Indonesia No. 110/2003 regarding Guidelines on Stipulation of Accomodating Capacity of Load of Water Pollution in Water Sources, in order to implement the provision in Article 23 paragraph (4) of Government of Indonesia Regulation No. 82/2001 on the management of quality of water and control over water pollution, it is necessary to calculate the river pollutant capacity.
• The study of river pollutant capacity in the Brantas River Basin conducted in 2008-2009 and 2011 in cooperation with an academic institution, Institute of Technology Sepuluh November (ITS) of Surabaya.
RIVER POLLUTANT CARRYING CAPACITY IN BRANTAS
Location Water
Quality
Monitoring
Data Period
(years)
River
Class*)
Water
Quality
Monitoring
Result
Inflow Pollution Load based on Water
Quality Monitoring
River Pollutant
Carrying Capacity
Reduction
of
Pollution
Load
Upper
Brantas River
Batu - New
Gadang
Bridge
New
Gadang
Bridge-
Sengguruh
Dam
2006 – 2010
Class I
Class II
Class
II
Exceed Class II Exceed Class II
153,942.74 kg TSS/day 28,097.30 kg BOD/day 89,157.48 kg COD/day 22,054.31 kg TSS/day 6,719.91 kg BOD/day 12,211.94 kg COD/day
-36,674.43 kg TSS/day
-2,385.47 kg BOD/day
-34,661.29 kg COD/day
46,283.52 kg TSS/day
7,373.55 kg BOD/day
43,179.73 kg COD/day
9 – 98%
68%
Brantas River
(middle and
lower)
2004 – 2008 Class II Exceed Class II
4,190,553.3 kg TSS/day 352,076.6 kg BOD/day 1,005,689.2 kg COD/day 60,846.7 kg NH4-N/day 9,249.6 kg NO3-N/day 15,180.9 kg PO4-P/day
332,221.8 kg TSS/day
54,616.2 kg BOD/day
253,345.1 kg COD/day
5,142.8 kg NH4-N/day
59,981.6 kg NO3-N/day
705.4 kg PO4-P/day
0-89%
0-92%
0-92%
0-97%
0-100%
-
Surabaya
River
(downstream
of Brantas
river)
2003 – 2007 Class II Exceed Class I
779,831.99 kg TSS/day 90,833.24 kg BOD /day 231,095.18 kg COD/day 5,240.36 kg NH4-N/day 2,832.88 kg NO3-N/day 792.27kg PO4-P/day
-93,105.07 kg TSS/day
5,727.02 kg BOD/day
-2,512.08 kg COD/day
2,035.46 kg NH4-N/day
11,566.94 kg NO3-N/day
-72.14 kg PO4-N/day
20-100%
0-99.9%
0-99.8%
0-94.4%
0-95.6%
-
THE RESULTS OF RIVER CARRYING POLLUTION LOADS IN BRANTAS RIVER BASIN
• According to the river carrying pollution loads studies, it is indicated that especially in the upper until the downstream of Brantas river, had already no longer has the river carrying pollution load due to the calculation of inflow pollution load existing in the stream.
• Most of the river stream needs to reduce the pollution load into the river as much as 0-100%, because most of them had none capacity to the pollution load.
• In order to barring the pollution load into the river, it should be considered in planning the spatial of region/city should consider the result of this study. It is recommended to raising awareness to communities around the river for not increase the pollution load of river water in the future by not to dispose of waste and garbage into the river.
MACRO-INVERTEBRATES as WATER QUALITY BIOMONITORING
• PJT I in cooperation with Non Government Organization (NGO) called Ecological Observations and Wetlands Conservation - ECOTON (Lembaga Kajian Ekologi dan Konservasi Lahan Basah), conducted the research of water quality bio-monitoring using the macro-invertebrates in 2008-2009 in the upper of Brantas River.
• The sampling was taken on December, 19 to 22, 2008, in five locations in the upper stream of Brantas River i.e., Brantas Origin, Coban Talun, Punten Bridge, Gedhang Klutuk and Pendem Bridge. The activities followed in June, 8 to 11, 2009, in four locations in the upper of the Brantas River watershed i.e., Coban Rondo (Konto River), Mount Kawi (Lekso River), Mount Kelud (Badak River) and Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River).
TAXA RICHNESS, EPT TAXA RICHNESS, %EPT AND FBI IN THE SAMPLING LOCATION
No. Location Taxa richness EPT taxa richness %EPT FBI
1. Brantas Origin 24 8 48.95 4.04 – 5.41
2. Coban Talun 11 6 21.01 4.31 – 4.94
3. Punten Bridge 14 4 44.29 4.20 – 4.89
4. Gedhang Klutuk 17 5 41.41 4.53 – 5.89
5. Pendem Bridge 12 2 7.22 5.67 – 5.97
6. Coban Rondo (Konto River) 22 10 79.42 3.58 – 4.24
7. Mount Kawi (Lekso River) 40 12 81.21 3.57 – 4.17
8. Mount Kelud (Badak River) 30 14 51.97 4.07 – 5.04
9. Mount Arjuna-Welirang
(Krecek River)
37 10 63.68 3.96 – 4.66
RESULTS OF HBI IN BRANTAS
• According to the water quality classifications for the Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index/BI (Hilsenhoff 1987), the Coban Rondo (Konto River) and Mount Kawi (Lekso River) was categorized as slight organic pollution; the Mount Kelud (Bladak River) and Mount Arjuna-Welirang (Krecek River) was categorized as slight organic pollution and some organic pollution; the Brantas Origin was categorized as some organic pollution and fairly substansial pollution.
• Coban Talun and Punten Bridge were categorized as fairly substansial pollution, and Gedang Klutuk was categorized as fairly substansial pollution and substansial pollution. Pendem Bridge was categorized as fairly substansial pollution and substansial pollution.
• In this study, the sampling location is in upper stream of Brantas river basin, some of results indicate that the condition of the river health is good but in some location shown that the pollution has occurs. This may cause by the use of the river as tourism activities and human interference to the ecosystem.
PJT I TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
• PJT I has tasks and responsibility on water quality management but limited to monitoring and evaluation of water quality change and pollution in the water bodies.
• PJT I conducts routine monitoring and evaluation of water quality in the rivers (55 locations), reservoirs (10 locations), industrial (50 locations), public sanitation outlets (4 locations), hotels (2 locations) and hospitals (5 locations), And then report the monitoring results and its evaluation to the agencies concerned.
• The results on the data analysis of sampling water was tested in PJT I water quality laboratory in Malang and Mojokerto City, then the results compare with water quality standard for public sanitation in accordance with with Government Regulation No 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control.
CONTENT SLIDE TEMPLATE
0
1
2
3
4
5
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9
10
11
120 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
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190
200
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220
230
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250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
Water Quality Standard Class II Water Quality Standard Class III Minimum Average Maximum
Monitoring Distance (km)
Brantas river Mas river
Surabaya river
Kota Batu I K.Malang I Kab.Malang I Kab. Blitar I Kab. Tulungagung I Kt. Kediri I Kab.Nganjuk I Kab.Jbg. IKab./Kt.MojokertoIKb.GresikIKt.Surabaya
DO CONCENTRATION (MINIMUM, AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM) Along Brantas river, Surabaya river & Mas river
Periode : 2011
CONTENT SLIDE TEMPLATE
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
300 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
Water Quality Standard Class II Water Quality Standard Class III Minimum Average Maximum
Monitoring Distance (km)
Brantas riverMasriver
Surabaya river
===>
BO
D (m
g/l)
Kota Batu I K.Malang I Kab.Malang I Kab. Blitar I Kab. Tulungagung I Kt. Kediri I Kab.NganjukI Kab.Jbg. IKab/Kt.MojokertoIKab.GresikI Kt.Surabaya
BOD CONCENTRATION (MINIMUM, AVERAGE AND MAXIMUM )Along Brantas river, Surabaya river & Mas river
Periode : 2011
Madura Strait
b
b
b Indonesian Ocean b
WQ21 Kertosono Old Bridge – Tipe 1
WQ12 Ajinomoto – Tipe 3
WQ10 Mrican Barrage – Tipe 1
WQ01 Jembatan Pendem – Tipe 1
WQ05 Selorejo Dam – Tipe 2
WQ09 Jembatan Ngujang – Tipe 2
WQ08 Tambangan Pakel – Tipe 1
WQ06 Wlingi Dam – Tipe 1
WQ07 Lodoyo Dam – Tipe 1
WQ03 Sengguruh Dam – Tipe 3 WQ02 Jembatan Kendalpayak – Tipe 1
WQ04 Sutami Dam – Tipe 2
WQ23 Jembatan Lesti – Tipe 1
WQ20 Mangetan Gate – Tipe 1
WQ13 Tambangan Canggu – Tipe 1
WQ22 Porong Canal – Tipe 1
WQ16 Karanglo – Tipe 1a
WQ15 PDAM Krikilan – Tipe 3a
WQ14 Downstream Jembatan Jrebeng – Tipe 3a WQ11 Cheil Jedang – Tipe 2
WQ17 PDAM Karangpilang – Tipe 3a
WQ19 PDAM Ngagel – Tipe 3a
WQ18 PDAM Kayoon – Tipe 2a
LEGEND
Location of real time water quality monitoring stations (23 stations)
Type 1 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity
Type 2 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonium, Orthophosphate
Type 3 : pH, Temperature, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Ammonium, Orthophosphate
. . . a : Water Level
BANGUNAN STASIUN
AMMONIUM DAN ORTHOPHOSPHATE
ANALYZER
pH, TEMPERATURE,
CONDUCTIVITY,
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AUTOSAMPLER
TURBIDITY SENSOR
WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION ALONG BRANTAS RIVER
WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION (WQMS)
IFM (Industrial Flow Metering)
Water Quality Monitoring Station
Master Station WQMS
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Water Quality Reporting Publication of Water Quality Condition By PJT I Website Water Quality Data Management
MEASURES NEED AND HAS TO BE DONE
• The problem of accountability for steps up to the polluter is very unclear.
• Provincial authorities hold municipal government responsible for not having commitment or capacity to address the issue of urban and industrial pollution, while municipalities and other stakeholders consider the governor too inaccessible to call upon to address it.
• There is also a problem of weak penalties for those industries that are prosecuted, which does not make polluting prohibitive.
• It is expected to apply the polluter-pays-principle as an economic instrument to encourage industries to limit their level of pollution to that agreed to in their license. In fact, the concept of this instrument is already prepared, but not yet implemented due to lack of the regulations may be required.
MEASURES NEED AND HAS TO BE DONE
• Fish sow to increase the population of certain fish species in Sutami reservoir
• Conducts intensive activities on watershed management
• Community empowerment to raise awareness to the river environment
• Students as young generation should be involved in activities related to river health and ecosystem in order to have their awareness to conserve water and environment for sustainable water resources.
• Conducting incidental inspection (water patrol) to industrial water polluters along the stream with related agencies/parties
• Together with other agencies / parties carry out incidental inspections of the industry, especially around Surabaya River, such as water patrol activities in the area in Surabaya where most major industries are located.
CONCLUSION
• PJT I has tasks and responsibility on water quality management but limited to monitoring and evaluation of water quality change and pollution in the water bodies. Intensive monitoring of water quality, charging a fee for pollution, and having a strong pollution law would all help to improve treatment facilities and to give industries incentive for treatment.
Such recommendations for improvement of water quality and pollution control for each district / city / province is expected to:
• Improve monitoring and control of water pollution in their respective areas,
• To foster participation and public participation in water pollution control activities in their respective areas, and
• To provide guidance / action against the industry as well as other potential pollutant sources in compliance with the applicable legislation in order to decrease the burden of pollutants Brantas River Basin.