41e - describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference

to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee

Chapter 13

In two minutes list everything you know about American Indians/Native Americans!

Go!

Word vomit

How did westward expansion impact the native populations?

Essential Questions

Great Plains—grasslands in west-central portion of the U.S.East: hunting, farming villages; west: nomadic hunting, gathering

Horses, guns lead most Plains tribes to nomadic life by mid-1700s

Buffalo provides many basic needsWhat can buffalo provide?

The Plains Indians

Sioux Camp (1891)

Cultural ClashHow do you think the Indians thought about

land?How did this differ from the settlers?

1858 discovery of gold in Colorado draws tens of thousandsMining camps, tiny frontier towns have filthy,

ramshackle dwellingsFortune seekers of different cultures, races;

mostly men

Settlers push Westward

Railroads excerpt influence over Indian policy1834, government designates Great Plains as

one huge reservation1850s, treaties define specific boundaries for

each tribe

The Government and Indian Policy

Many battles rage between U.S. and Indians1874 George A. Custer reports much gold in

Black Hills, Gold Rush begins

Blood shed

1876, Sitting Bull has vision of war at sun dance

Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall crush Custer’s troops

By late 1876, Sioux are defeated; some take refuge in Canadapeople starving; Sitting Bull surrenders 1881

Little Big Horn/Custer’s Last Stand

Assimilation—natives to give up way of life, join white culture

1887, Dawes Act to “Americanize” natives, break up reservationsgives land to individual Native Americanssell remainder of land to settlersmoney for farm implements for natives

In the end, Natives Americans receive only 1/3 of land, no money

The Dawes Act

The Dawes Act Video

Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life

Tourists, fur traders shoot for sport, destroy buffalo population

Destruction of the Buffalo

Seventh Cavalry takes about 350 Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek

Battle of Wounded Knee—cavalry kill 300 unarmed Native Americans

Battle ends Indian wars, Sioux dream of regaining old life

Brought the Indian Wars to a bitter end!

Wounded Knee

Wounded Knee

After Civil War demand for meat increases in rapidly growing cities

Texas longhorns—sturdy, short-tempered breeds brought by Spanish

Cowboys not in demand until railroads reach Great Plains

Cattle Business

How did the U.S. settle westward after the Civil War?

What was the motivation and how was it fueled politically, economically, and socially?

Essential Questions

40b - describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West, including the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor

AKS

Why do you think people moved West?What was their motivations?What types of people went west?

Activator

1850–1871, huge land grants to railroads for laying track in West

1860s, Central Pacific goes east, Union Pacific west, meet in Utah

By 1880s, 5 transcontinental railroads completed

Railroads sell land to farmers, attract many European immigrants

People settled west to farm

http://www.5min.com/Video/The-Transcontinental-Railroad--Laying-the-Tracks-300993988

What were the effects of the railroad expansion into the west?

What did it do for business and agriculture?How about the Indians?

Something to think about

1862 Homestead Act offers 160 acres free to any head of household1862–1900, up to 600,000 families settleExodusters—Southern African-American

settlers in KansasDid not work because land speculators and

railroads bought up the land for their own gain

Government Support

What was the Populist movement?What were its origins and what happened to

it?

Essential Questions

41g - examine the problems of American farmers, solutions offered by populism in the late 19th Century and identify the major goals and achievements of the reformers

AKS

Farmers buy more land to grow more crops to pay off debts

After Civil War, government takes greenbacks out of circulation

Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth more than those borrowed

Prices of crops fall dramatically

Farmers unite to combat economic distress

Railroad ProblemsLack of competition lets railroads overcharge

to transport grainFarms mortgaged to buy supplies; suppliers

charge high interestThe Farmers’ Alliances

1867, Grange startedPurpose is educational, social; by 1870s, Grange

fighting railroads

Farmers Unite (continued)

Populism—movement of the people; Populist Party wants reformsEconomic: increase money supply, graduated

income tax, federal loansPolitical: Senate elected by popular vote;

secret ballot; 8-hour dayDemocratic Party eventually adopts platform

The Populist Party

Gold Standard vs. Bimetallism

1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William McKinley

Democrats favor bimetallism, choose William Jennings Bryan

McKinley elected president; Populism collapses; leaves legacy: the powerless can organize, have political

impactagenda of reforms enacted in 20th century

The Election of 1896

Describe what you have learned today in ONE word!