14.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

UPA Package 4, Module 1

COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF HOUSEHOLD DATA

24.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Collection and Processing of Household Data

• Household data sources• Household questionnaires• Sampling methods• Processing of household data

34.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Data Sources

• National Census (frequency, coverage)• Regular national household surveys (frequency, sample)• International household surveys (DHS)• Ad-hoc surveys (research)• Use of household data in combination with other data

sources

DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys

44.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Data Sources

Structured personal interview with standard questions (and sequence of questions) similar for all respondents (e.g. Census)

Meaning of questions similar for all households

Interviewer attitude and experience

Semi-structured and non-structured interviews

54.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Data Sources

Advantages of structured personal interviews:• flexibility, high response rate

Disadvantages:• - costs, interviewer bias (principles of interviewing), lack of

anonymity

CENSUSfrequency (every 10 years), availability (at which spatial level), quality/reliability, specific (poverty/habitat) data not covered by Census, why no traditional Census in the Netherlands?

64.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Data Sources

Other Household data sources:• National Samples• Demographic and Health Surveys (www.measuredhs.com)• Ad-Hoc surveys (research, Urban Inequities UN-Habitat)• Data mixture (combine surveys with auxiliary (large) data

sets), small area statistics

74.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Data Sources

Participatory data collection and/or expert knowledge

Water scarcity in Nakuru/Kenya based on information from participatory mapping. The background images are a Landsat image overlaid by a QuickBird image covering the built-up area.

84.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Questionnaires

Questions:• Content Facts and Opinions (Subjective

experience) • Type Closed and Open-ended questions,

contingency questions• Format Categories of possible answers, rating • Sequence Questions related to previous questions

94.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Questionnaires (Example 1)

www.measuredhs.com

questionnaires are available under basic documentation

104.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Questionnaires

Avoid bias• Introduction and covering letter• Wording• Leading questions• Gender• Threatening questions• Non-response• Training/experience of interviewers

114.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Questionnaires (Example 2)

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

(MICS)

www.childinfo.org

124.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Questionnaires (Example3)

Urban Inequities Surveys

www.unhabitat.org

Poverty, ill-health, unemployment, illiteracy, and the like, are concentrated in urban slums. The geography of poverty is shifting from rural to urban areas. water and sanitation module

This module is to be administered once for each household visited. Record only one response for each question. If more than one response is given, record the most usual source or facility.1. What is the main source of drinking water for members of your household?Piped into dwelling 01Piped into yard or plot 02Public tap 03Tube-well/borehole with pump 04Protected dug well 05Protected spring 06Rainwater collection 07Bottled water 08Unprotected dug well 09Unprotected spring 10Pond, river or stream 11Tanker-truck, vendor 12 Other (specify)01Q.402Q.4 

Example of a question of the water module.

Main water aspects:

Source, time, quantity, price

134.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Household Questionnaires (Example 3) 5. STATE OF REPAIR OF THE DWELLING. [ RECORD OBSERVATION]

Completely dilapidated, shack, beyond repair 1 Needs major repairs ................................... 2 Needs no or minor repairs .......................... 3 Currently being repaired ............................. 4 Under construction...................................... 5

6. DOES THE ROOF HAVE ANY HOLES? [ RECORD OBSERVATION]

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

7. DOES THE ROOF’S SURFACE SAG OR

APPEAR UNEVEN? [ RECORD OBSERVATION]

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

8. DO THE OUTSIDE WALLS SLOPE /LEAN

/SLANT /BUCKLE? [ RECORD OBSERVATION]

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

9. HAVE YOU EVER SEEN RATS OR MICE

INSIDE YOUR DWELLING? [ RECORD OBSERVATION]

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

10. DO THE OUTSIDE WALLS HAVE ANY

MISSING SIDING, BRICKS OR OTHER

WALL MATERIALS? [ RECORD OBSERVATION]

Yes.............................................................. 1 No ............................................................... 2

11. ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 10 (10 IS THE

BEST) HOW WOULD YOU RATE THIS

HOUSE AS A PLACE TO LIVE?

Enter a number from 1 to 10: ___ ___

12. HAS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR

MAINTENANCE OR REPAIRS BEEN

DONE ON THE HOUSE IN THE PAST 3 MONTHS?

Minor repairs ............................................... 1 Major repairs ............................................... 2 No repairs done .......................................... 3

Urban Inequities Surveys

Addis Ababa

UN-HABITAT

144.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Sampling

• Why Sampling

Total: Population and parameters

Subset: Sample and statistics

• Sampling Unit

Single member of a sampling population

• Sampling frame

All sampling units

154.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Sampling

• Sample Domain: a representative sample of n households for a city

• Sampling Frame: a list of e.g. census enumeration areas (EAs) with population and household survey and census

• Sample Selection: select a representative sample of households. Develop proportional clusters from which the sample of respondents could be drawn.

• Sampling Probabilities

164.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Sampling Methods

• Probability sampling methods

Simple random sampling

Stratified random sampling

Systematic sampling

Cluster sampling• Non-probability sampling methods

Convenience sampling

Quota sampling

Purposive/Focus sampling

174.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Sampling Size

Factors influencing sample size• Standard or sampling error, expected level of accuracy• Sampling results related to parameters values• Confidence interval and normal distributions• Sampling distribution

Non-sampling errors• Measurement error• Non response

184.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Sampling Size

Sample size = s² / (S.E)²

S=standard deviation

S.E=standard error

194.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

Processing of Household Data

• Describing

Check for errors (obvious mistakes, outliers, missing values)

Statistics, Tables, Graphs, Geo-Visualization (mapping)

Single and composite variables

• Analysis

Correlations, inductive statistics

• Describing

Check for errors (obvious mistakes, outliers, missing values)

Statistics, Tables, Graphs, Geo-Visualization (mapping)

Single and composite variables

• Analysis

Correlations, inductive statistics

Processing of Household Data

4.1.4 Collection and Processing of Household Data

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