4.1 The Sun is our Local Star
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Transcript of 4.1 The Sun is our Local Star
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THE SUN IS OUR LOCAL STAR
Space Science
Chapter 4: Section 4.1
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THE SUN:
WHAT IS THE SUN MADE OF? IS IT A SOLID? A LIQUID? OR A GAS?
Gas- made mostly of hydrogen and helium
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IS THE SUN CONSISTENT?
OR DOES IT HAVE LAYERS?
The sun has 6 layers
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HOW DOES THE SUN MAKE IT’S ENERGY?Fusion- the process in which hydrogen is converted into helium
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REVIEW: WHAT IS MASS?Anything that has matter and takes up space
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HOW MASSIVE IS THE SUN?Contains 99.9% of the mass of the entire solar system
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LAYERS OF THE SUN
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THE SUN’S INTERIOR Core
Where fusion takes place Nuclear reaction, not chemical
Reaches 15 million degrees Celsius Radiative Zone
Energy moves by radiation through this thick layer
Conditions not extreme enough for fusion to occur
Convection Zone Convection- the transfer of energy from place to
place by motion of heated gas or liquid the currents of this hot gas carry energy towards
the Sun’s surface
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SUN’S INTERIOR-Core--Radiative Zone-- Convection Zone
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THE SUN’S ATMOSPHERE Photosphere
The sun’s surface- the part you see when you look at the sun
Convection currents break through this layer Making it appear bumpy in texture
ChromosphereThin middle layerGives off pinkish layer
CoronaLow density, outer most layerOnly seen during a total eclipse
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SUN’S ATMOSPHERE-Photosphere-Chromosphere-Cornoa
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SUNSPOTS Spots on the photosphere that are
cooler than surrounding areas Appear dark but are bright
Seem dim because rest of photosphere is much brighter
Finding Sunspots ActivityLight bulb Sun Index cards
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SUNSPOTSFollow 11 year patterns
During peak season, dozen of sunspots appear
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THE MORE SUNSPOTS THERE ARE, THE COOLER EARTH IS.
WHY?NASA claims that in 2008 the sun had the fewest sunspots since 1913 and that is the reason for the cooler weather in the northern hemisphere.
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PROMINENCES Large bright features extending outward
from the sun’s surface Anchored to the photosphere May be thousand of km in length
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PROMINENCESMade of ionized gases called plasma
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SOLAR WINDS Electrically charged particles that flow in
all directions from the cornoa Deflected by the magnetic poles
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SOLAR WINDSApproximate size of Earth for comparison
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AURORAS When the energy is released into the
upper atmosphere of Earth they create auroras
Also known as northern or southern lights
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NASA MATCHING SUN
ACTIVITY
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HOW ARE THE IMAGES SIMILAR?
DIFFERENT?
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The yellow UV images show regions of intense activity above the surface of the sun
The black and white images show regions of magnetic connections break and reconnecting
Many of these areas appear as sunspots in simple images of the sun
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