When you are finished with your quiz

• Show me your notes of 4.1 Rocks• Obtain 4 rock samples from me. Try the launch

lab on page 111.

4.1 Rocks

Three major rock typesIgneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

Crystallization of magma or lava

Form in subduction zones, mid ocean ridges, hot spots of volcanoes

Made of sediments (rocks are broken down into smaller pieces)

Forms where sediments are deposited (rivers, streams, lakes

Exposure to extreme temperature and pressure

Why should I care about rocks?

• Pumice – abrasive material in hand soaps• Limestone – buildings • Coal – used in powerplants to make electricity• Marble – used for architecture • Quartz – glass

Igneous Rocks• Submit your rock cycle lab from last class.

Rock cycle

Igneous rock typesExtrusive Intrusive

Volcanic material erupts, cools and crystallizes on Earth’s surface

Rapid cooling fine grained texture(not enough time for crystals to grow)

Dissolved gases holes

Forms as magma cools underground

Slow cooling larger crystals

TODAY

• Read: Igneous rock identification p. 121 - 122

• How do you identify igneous rocks? P. 124 Answer Questions 8 -10.

Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks• Feedback: Sarah

Igneous rock typesExtrusive Intrusive

Volcanic material erupts, cools and crystallizes on Earth’s surface

Rapid cooling fine grained texture(not enough time for crystals to grow)

Dissolved gases holes

Forms as magma cools underground

Slow cooling larger crystals

Mini research presentations• Topics:

– Sedimentary rock: clastic (p. 125 – 129) – Sedimentary rock: chemical (p. 125 – 129) – Sedimentary rock: biochemical (p. 125 – 129) – Metamorphic rock: foliated (p.133 – 136) – Metamorphic rock: unfoliated (p.133 – 136)

• Research– How do sedimentary/metamorphic rocks form (in general)? – How does your type of rock form? – What are some examples of that type of rock? How does it differ from other

types of rocks? – How is it useful in our daily lives?

• Prepare a powerpoint presentation. Include works cited at the end.– http://www.mineralogy4kids.org/?q=rock-cycle – http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/rxmin/rock2.html – http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/metamorphic.html

4.3 Sedimentary rocksHow do rocks form?

1. Blog: How do sedimentary rocks form? 2. Have your homework out ready (Notes

on Chapter 4.3) 3. Feedback distributer: Dey

Sedimentary rock formation

• Weathering = set of physical and chemical processes that break rock into smaller pieces– Physical: collision with other rocks, growth of ice crystals, and

growth of plants– Chemical: reaction with water to create more stable minerals

• Erosion and transport = movement of materials via wind, water, gravity, glacier

• Deposition = settling of sediments

Sedimentary rock formation

• Compaction = weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases space between grains

• Cementation = when minerals dissolved in water crystallizes between sediment grains

Types of sedimentary rocksClastic Chemical BiochemicalMade up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments

Coarse grained, medium grained, fine grained?

Small clasts (broken pieces) fast flowing river

Form when minerals crystallize directly from water

Water becomes too saturated with dissolved minerals

Rock formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms

e.g. shells or plant matter

Today

• How are sedimentary rocks classified? Lab

• Make a chart with physical and chemical characteristics of the rocks and possible uses

• Homework: read chapter 4.4 on Metamorphic rocks and take notes.

4.4 Metamorphic rocksHow do rocks form?

1. Feedback distributer: Alessandro2. Submit sedimentary rock lab if you did not last

time3. Upcoming quiz on Chapter 4

Vocabulary game

1. Find a partner who has the matching definition/word as your card.

2. When you find your partner, write your definition/word on the board.

Metamorphism lab

1. p. 138 Identifying the type of rocksQuestions 11 – 13

Metamorphism• Metamorphism = process that affects the

structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure or the addition of chemical fluids

• Plastic deformation = permanent change in shape by bending and folding

Metamorphic rock identification

• Foliated rocks = contain parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals (layers)

• Non foliated rocks = have mineral grains with random, interlocking texture

Metamorphic rock identification

• Contact metamorphism = magma comes in contact with existing rock, and its thermal energy and gases interact with the surrounding rock, forming new metamorphic rock

• Regional metamorphism = formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size

Types of metamorphism

Regional metamorphism Contact metamorphism

• Metamorphism affecting large area • Metamorphism affecting local area• Occurs near molten rock or magma

ROCKS & MINERALS REVIEWHow do rocks form?

1. Blog: What is one important thing that you have learned thus far about rocks/minerals?

2. Feedback distributer: Alessandro

To do todayIn groups: 1. Create a flow chart to identify rocks AND minerals. 2. Use the rocks and minerals samples to tweak your flowcharts.

Use the information in your textbook as well as personal research to include information on your flow chart.

Assessment next class: • You will be provided 8-10 rocks/minerals to identify with reason.

INDIVIDUAL WORK (lab mark). • You may use your flow charts (no picture of the rocks/minerals),

and nothing else. You must have your own copy of the flow chart.

Rocks and Minerals Test You will have 30 minutes to review for the lab exam. We will begin at 11:50. Take the rocks & minerals and review!

Remember that EVERYONE must have their OWN flow chart (no pictures of the rock/mineral)

LAB PREP

1. You will need 2 sheets of lined paper for the exam and a pencil.

2. Take all your bags and notes outside the class. Patiently wait outside in the hallway.

LAB INSTRUCTIONS

1. You will start at one station, and work through 10 stations IN ORDER. You will have 4 minutes at each station.

2. If you do not finish in the given time, move on and you will have time to come back to the one station at the end.

For EACH sample

1. State whether it is a ROCK or a MINERAL. If it is a rock, state whether it is igneous/metamorphic/sedimentary.

2. State the name of the rock/mineral.

3. Give 3 logical reasons why you came to the conclusion.

SUBMIT YOUR FLOWCHART AT THE END OF THE EXAMBONUS: Draw the rock cycle.