4.1 Lecture 2008
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Transcript of 4.1 Lecture 2008
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Chapter 4.1 Chapter 4.1 Compounds & Compounds &
MoleculesMoleculesPages 108 - 114Pages 108 - 114
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Goal 1Goal 1
Distinguish between Distinguish between compounds and mixturescompounds and mixtures
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CompoundCompound
Pure substance = Pure substance = own propertiesown properties
ChemicallyChemically bonded bonded elementselements
Chemical formula = Chemical formula = constant ratiosconstant ratios
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MixturesMixtures Mix of >1 pure substanceMix of >1 pure substance Properties of each remainProperties of each remain Ratios of each varyRatios of each vary
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Goal 2Goal 2
Recall how to read a Recall how to read a chemical formulachemical formula
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Capital letter = elementCapital letter = element
SUBscript = number of atomsSUBscript = number of atoms
Front number = number of Front number = number of molecules / molesmolecules / moles
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How many molecules? ___ How many molecules? ___ How many H atoms? ___How many H atoms? ___ How many O atoms? ___How many O atoms? ___
HH22OO
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How many molecules? ___How many molecules? ___ How many H atoms total? ___How many H atoms total? ___ How many O atoms total? ___How many O atoms total? ___
5 H5 H22OO
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How many molecules? ___How many molecules? ___ How many C atoms? ___How many C atoms? ___ How many H atoms? ___How many H atoms? ___ How many O atoms? ___How many O atoms? ___
CC66HH1212OO66
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How many molecules? ___ How many molecules? ___ How many C atoms total? ___How many C atoms total? ___ How many H atoms total? ___How many H atoms total? ___ How many O atoms total? ___How many O atoms total? ___
3 C3 C66HH1212OO66
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Goal 3Goal 3
Understand chemical Understand chemical structure modelsstructure models
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Ball and stick modelBall and stick model Can be 3-D or 2-DCan be 3-D or 2-D Balls = atomsBalls = atoms Sticks = bondsSticks = bonds Bond lengthBond length Bond angleBond angle May not show relative atom sizeMay not show relative atom size
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Structural formulaStructural formula 2-D (usually)2-D (usually) Short-hand of ball and stickShort-hand of ball and stick Only chemical symbols Only chemical symbols Bond length not shownBond length not shown Bond angles approximateBond angles approximate
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Space filling modelSpace filling model 3-D3-D Sphere = atom and electron shellSphere = atom and electron shell Bond length and angles difficult to seeBond length and angles difficult to see
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Goal 4Goal 4
Understand the effects Understand the effects chemical structure has chemical structure has
on properties of on properties of compoundscompounds
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Network structureNetwork structure Elements bound continuously (net)Elements bound continuously (net) STRONG solidSTRONG solid High melting and boiling pointsHigh melting and boiling points
Silicon dioxide (quartz)Silicon dioxide (quartz)
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Bonded ionsBonded ions Network of + and – charges (magnets)Network of + and – charges (magnets) STRONG solidSTRONG solid High melting and boiling pointsHigh melting and boiling points
Sodium chloride (salt)Sodium chloride (salt)
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Molecular compoundsMolecular compounds Molecules attracted to each otherMolecules attracted to each other WEAKEST bondWEAKEST bond
Solid = most attractive forcesSolid = most attractive forces Liquid = attractive forcesLiquid = attractive forces Gas = least attractive forcesGas = least attractive forces
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